In today’s manufacturing sectors, companies are continually confronted with various pressing challenges. Labor shortages and rising labor costs require innovative solutions to maintain productivity with less staff.In addition, relentless inflation continues to exert pressure on raw material costs, squeezing margins. Manufacturers are also racing against tight production timelines, driven by the imperative of shorter time-to-market windows—a direct consequence of escalating global competition.To overcome these pervasive issues, many executives and factory managers are turning to&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/learn-how-to-leverage-the-potential-of-automation/" target="_blank">automation and metrology solutions</a>. However, they want to leverage these technologies further to maximize their investments. So, what are the next possible steps?This article provides insights into how manufacturing companies can harness the potential of 3D scanners within automated environments. It also offers guidance for adopting approaches that balance initial technology investments with future scalability toward end-to-end automation.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1715330446582-MetraSCAN-R-BLACK-HD_car-frame-inspection_047-2048x1365.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 id="isPasted">Manufacturers: Still Hesitant about Automation</h2>Despite the widespread recognition of automation as an indispensable factor in modern manufacturing, manufacturers remain hesitant to fully embrace automated production lines. This reluctance is rooted in organizational culture and operational considerations.<h3>The Perception of Automation as Overly Complex</h3>For many manufacturers, the perceived complexity of automation serves as a deterrent. The notion that automation requires a radical overhaul of existing processes and equipment fosters a fear of the unknown. There’s a prevalent concern that introducing sophisticated systems like robots and cobots will lead to job redundancies and a steep learning curve for staff.Psychological resistance to change is compounded by a misconception that automation is an all-or-nothing proposition rather than a scalable process that can be integrated gradually and managed with already familiar tools.<h3>Deficiency of In-House Expertise</h3>Another barrier to automation is the perceived lack of in-house expertise. Small to medium-sized manufacturers, in particular, may not have the resources to sustain a dedicated IT department capable of deploying and maintaining advanced automation systems. They might assume that without specialists to guide the automation journey, the likelihood of successful implementation diminishes, causing them to shy away from taking the initial steps, despite the availability of more user-friendly automation tools.<h3>Misconceptions about Cost Implications</h3>A misunderstanding of the associated costs amplifies the hesitation regarding automation. Manufacturers tend to focus on the immediate financial outlay, while overlooking or underestimating the potential return on investment, which includes long-term savings and efficiency gains. This short-sighted view of finances obscures the actual value of automation and its capacity to streamline operations and cut costs over time.<h2>The Role of 3D Scanning in Bridging the Gap in Automated Manufacturing</h2>Integrating 3D scanners can be a manufacturer’s first manageable step toward automation.<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/creaform-product-overview" target="_blank">Metrology-grade 3D measurement solutions</a> are remarkable for their versatility. They can be used at various stages throughout the manufacturing process, including <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/applications" target="_blank">product design and development, quality control and quality assurance, reverse engineering</a>, and directly on production lines.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1715330464303-P1130434_20x13-1536x1049.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">During the preliminary phase, 3D scanners contribute to accurate and detailed design models, laying the groundwork for quality. As products move through the manufacturing cycle, 3D scanners can be used for on-the-fly assessments and quality checks, and can easily transition between manual, hands-on operations to semi-automated processes.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1715330480633-P1130421-1536x1152.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">This adaptability gives manufacturers a tangible starting point for automation, allowing them to start small and scale up, without the need for a full automation overhaul.For small to medium enterprises (SMEs), where every investment is even more weighed against its return, <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/news/creaform-making-automated-quality-control-accessible-new-versatile-and-intuitive-hybrid" target="_blank">3D scanning technologies can be a cost-effective solution</a> to step into automation without immediately adopting a fully automated system. This allows SMEs to gradually increase their automation capabilities in tandem with their growth and financial comfort level. By implementing 3D scanning, these companies can reap the benefits of automation, such as increased accuracy and speed in production, without the full-scale investment that larger, more complex robotic systems would require.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1715330487717-SON02915-2-1536x1024.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Perhaps the most compelling argument for incorporating 3D scanning technology is its inherent scalability. It is a future-proof investment that supports a company’s growth trajectory. As businesses evolve and market demands shift, 3D scanning systems can be scaled to match increased production needs or to extend capabilities into new product lines.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1715330504644-cube-r_automated-3d-scanning-cmm_front_cabinet_fender-apron-1536x1024.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">In short, 3D scanners are dynamic devices that can be leveraged in subsequent phrases with additional automation solutions. For example, 3D scanners could be used with robots or cobots for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform-engineering.com/en/expertise/engineering/industrial-automation" target="_blank">seamless industrial automation.</a><h2>Selecting the Right 3D Scanner</h2>When choosing 3D scanning equipment, it is important to consider a few key factors to ensure that the chosen solution can meet your business needs both now and in the future. These factors are as follows:<ol><li>Scalability: It is best to opt for a technology that offers both handheld and automatable options. This allows for an initial investment in handheld devices that can be scaled up to automated systems as needs evolve and budgets allow.</li></ol><ol start="2"><li>Versatility: The technology should handle complex geometries and various materials without requiring extensive preparation, making it suitable for a wide range of applications and ensuring its long-term usefulness.</li></ol><ol start="3"><li>Speed and accuracy: These are essential for maintaining productivity and quality. The chosen technology should offer rapid data acquisition and high precision to meet tight tolerances and quality standards.</li></ol><ol start="4"><li>Software compatibility: It is essential to look for solutions that work seamlessly with external metrology and simulation software, allowing for efficient data transfer and utilization throughout the manufacturing process.</li></ol><ol start="5"><li>Supplier expertise: When selecting a 3D scanning manufacturer, it is important to choose one with extensive knowledge in both 3D scanning hardware and software. This ensures access to optimized support events when tackling the most challenging production workflows. Additionally, you should inquire if the vendor has previously worked on automation projects with its 3D scanners or has <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/products/r-series-automated-quality-control-solutions" target="_blank">dedicated 3D measurement solutions for automated processes, such as quality control</a>. It is also worth checking if the supplier offers <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/technology-integration-services" target="_blank">integration services</a> of its technologies within production environments.</li></ol><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1715330524815-MetraSCAN-R-BLACK-HD_car-frame-inspection_color-map-1-2048x1365.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 id="isPasted">Conclusion: 3D Scanners Smooth the Transition to Automation</h2>For manufacturers navigating the pressures of modern markets, starting with a versatile and upgradable 3D scanning solution offers a strategic pathway.By selecting the right 3D measurement technology and implementation approach, businesses can enhance their product development and quality control processes, boost efficiency, mitigate initial upfront costs, and set the stage for future automation.A strategic investment in 3D scanning not only addresses manufacturers’ current needs but also lays the foundation for scalable growth, ensuring they can adapt and thrive with emerging automation technologies.

Explore how manufacturers can overcome the challenges of automation complexity, cost misconceptions, and skill gaps with strategic 3D scanning solutions.

Navigating the Shift to Automated Manufacturing with 3D Scanning

<h2 id="isPasted">A training center at the cutting edge of progress</h2>The aeronautics industry is without question a dynamic sector of activity where progress takes place at breakneck pace and where the players in the field have to deal with remarkable technological advances that follow each other at increasingly shorter intervals. This industry would therefore very likely find itself lagging behind considerably without the support of continually updated training programs and lecturers who keep a close eye on market developments.And this is exactly what happens at the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.polyaero05.fr/le-centre/" target="_blank">POLYAÉRO® Hautes-Alpes</a> Center of Excellence, which is managed by FORMASUP MÉDITERRANÉE and where a research laboratory is used to ensure that new technologies and the latest aeronautical practices are included in the learners’ educational and technological pathway.Harnessing virtual reality (VR) and augmented reality (AR) tools, this immersive laboratory makes it possible for students to examine and handle aeronautical parts and even entire aircraft interactively. However, making digital twins and 3D models available in VR requires reliable scan data to be collected using devices of proven metrological quality, and then post-processed in an intuitive and user-friendly software ecosystem.In the wake of these numerous improvements, POLYAÉRO® Center of Excellence thus found itself in need of reliable means for digitizing parts and models that could be moving or static, large or small.<h2>Versatile equipment, lasting results</h2>One of the aircraft that was scanned for 3D imaging at POLYAÉRO® is a PC-6 Porter, a paratrooper transport aircraft. With a length of eleven meters and a wingspan of sixteen meters, this aircraft from Swiss aircraft manufacturer PILATUS Aircraft presented specific challenges that this scanner was able to handle thanks to its shape, size and mobility.The industrial project carried out by the students required studying the conversion of a thermal-powered aircraft into an electric aircraft. This involved creating a digital twin of the entire PC-6 Porter.It is important to note that before POLYAÉRO® acquired Creaform’s solutions, scanning was done using a measuring arm equipped with a scanner head, which made data acquisition more complex. In fact, unlike the various CREAFORM scanners, this solution was not suitable to meet their need for flexibility.ScanningThe scanning device that was chosen had to meet the following indispensable conditions:<ul><li>Ergonomic</li><li>Compatible with the digitization of moving and very large objects and parts.</li></ul>This led POLYAÉRO® to choose&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en" target="_blank">Creaform</a> scanners and photogrammetry systems:<ul><li>The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/optical-3d-scanner-metrascan" target="_blank">MetraSCAN 3D</a> for scanning the exterior of the aircraft</li><li>The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/handheld-portable-3d-scanner-goscan-3d" target="_blank">Go!SCAN 3D</a> and the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/handyscan-3d-silver-series-professional-3d" target="_blank">HandySCAN 3D|SILVER</a> for the interior</li><li>The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/optical-measuring-systems-maxshot-3d" target="_blank">MaxSHOT 3D&nbsp;</a>for creating a common marker inside and outside the aircraft</li></ul>The scan data was collected within a very short time and then served as the basis for the rest of the project, including retrofitting the aircraft with an electric motor and batteries, all in 3DEXPERIENCE (formerly CATIA V5, from the software publisher Dassault Systèmes).Animated in VR in an appropriate setting, the aircraft’s digital twin was given various modifications which, once validated, were adapted in augmented reality.<h3>A simple but powerful software platform</h3>Reverse engineeringAfter a 3D scan of the aircraft was rendered in real time using Creaform’s various measurement solutions, reverse engineering could start. The geometries thus captured were processed in Creaform’s software module <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/3d-applications-software-platforms/vxmodel-scan-cad-software-module" target="_blank">VXmodel</a> by a group of students in training. The reverse engineered components were then reconstructed using 3DEXPERIENCE software.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1714726741746-Polyaero_image_3d.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">With its intuitive interface, ease of use and fast processing times, the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/vxelements-viewer" target="_blank">VXelements</a> platform has become an essential tool for setting up a library of 3D models that are derived from scans or formed through reverse engineering. This constantly evolving database fuels the technological projects as well as the digital libraries of the immersive VR and AR laboratory.The POLYAÉRO® Hautes Alpes Center of Excellence is at the forefront of educational innovation, offering its students all the hardware and software resources they need to build solid skills for the professions of the future in the aeronautical industry.<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/pun5th75ef_wp/wp-content/uploads/Polyaero_equipe31.jpg" target="_blank"> </a><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1714726755539-Polyaero_equipe31.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">“The ease with which we can use Creaform’s 3D scanners makes it easier for us to train our students in reverse engineering. Direct meshing is a distinct advantage in post-processing, as is the ability to scan an aircraft in the same repository using several scanners simultaneously,” sums up Killian Marandel, operational manager at POLYAÉRO®.The future of the industry and training&nbsp;At the POLYAERO® Hautes Alpes Center of Excellence, students choose their own technological projects and use 3D scanners to study discrepancies between design and production, deformations and reverse engineered models.The team of design engineers and lecturers need a large number of 3D models of parts in order to enrich the library and integrate them into virtual or augmented reality teaching materials.To do this, the center scans parts of all sizes and aircrafts to complete existing models or create new ones. It is thanks to this updating of databases and knowledge that POLYAÉRO® and the industry in general is evolving rapidly and almost organically. Creaform is thrilled to be part of this adventure.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1714726768301-Polyaero_equipe2-1536x1152.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">

The aeronautics industry is without question a dynamic sector of activity where progress takes place at breakneck pace and where the players in the field have to deal with remarkable technological advances that follow each other at increasingly shorter intervals.

Electrifying an Aircraft Using 3D Scanning and Augmented Reality

<a href="https://www.iss-priorei.de/" target="_blank">I.S.S.</a><a href="https://www.iss-priorei.de/" target="_blank">&nbsp;Tooltec GmbH &amp; Co. KG</a> has been a competent partner to the steel and drop forging industry for wear protection and repair welding work for almost 15 years. This work is carried out on a variety of components such as dies, cutting tools, stretching rollers, forging saddles, rollers and drawing rings. The company also offers comprehensive advice on wear analyses and material selection, which helps extend the service life of valuable tools. Well-known customers from large-scale industry put their trust in the expertise, experience and quality of the work performed by I.S.S. Tooltec.In order to increase work efficiency and minimize costs and complaints, I.S.S. Tooltec GmbH &amp; Co. KG decided to implement 3D measurement technology, to carry out engraving comparisons on a wide variety of forming tools in the forging industry.Before 3D metrology equipment was introduced in the company, it was always difficult to estimate whether the amount of weld metal applied was sufficient to ensure that subsequent tool processing (engraving or milling) would be error-free. In addition, performing these measurements was also intended to help avoid using too much or too little welding material. Too much material means a high cost factor, too little means complaints from the end customer. The <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/handheld-portable-3d-scanner-goscan-3d" target="_blank">3D scanner Go!SCAN SPARK</a> was exactly what they needed: it offers the required accuracy, flexibility, measuring speed, easy-to-use hardware and software, and is user-friendly – and Creaform provided the necessary training and support. Furthermore, it was good value for money. According to I.S.S. Tooltec, implementing the system into their daily business activities was very easy and training took place within a few days, so that they were able to handle the technology confidently in a very short time.<h2>Engraving comparison on a forming tool</h2>Tools are scanned before and after the welding process and compared with CAD data. This ensures that all the required welding quantities can be precisely adhered to.In this example, the 3D scan enables Tooltec to compare the tool they welded with the customer’s design file (CAD). This makes it possible to determine whether or not enough weld metal has been used.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1714056831929-double_image.webp" style="width: 790px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">3D scan in the VXinspect software and engraving comparison after welding on a forming tool with color comparison.The&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/vxinspect-dimensional-inspection-software-module" target="_blank">inspection software VXinspect</a>&nbsp;they used – a module of Creaform’s VXelements software suite – allows for dimensional inspections to be carried out and inspection reports to be created based on precise technical requirements. It is intuitive and guides the operator step by step through the inspection process: Scan &gt; Import scan file for CAD comparison &gt; Alignment &gt; Analysis &gt; Inspection report.I.S.S. Tooltec was impressed with the 3D scanner Go!SCAN SPARK and VXinspect: “The 3D measurement solution from Creaform has helped us to work significantly more efficiently and cost-effectively. We have already expanded the use of the scanner in our operations. In addition to the above-mentioned area of application, we now also use 3D scanners to perform scanning services.”

Management and customers demand realistic implementation of individual welding processes at low costs. These costs are often caused by inefficient work processes, such as reworking due to excess or insufficient use of materials, or customer complaints.

Use of 3D scanner increases efficiency and reduces labor and material costs

<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/applications/quality-control-and-assurance-with-3d-measurement-technologies" target="_blank">Integrating 3D scanning technology into quality control processes</a> can be challenging. It requires balancing the need for cost-effective, scalable solutions with long-term effectiveness.We have compiled a list of our best tips to help you choose a 3D measurement technology that not only meets your current needs but also allows for future growth. This can save you valuable time and resources, and assist you in streamlining your quality control processes to better align with your business goals.<h2 id="isPasted">Step 1: Assess Your Current Needs</h2>To choose the right 3D scanning technology, you need to start by analyzing your current quality control processes and identifying the main challenges you want 3D scanning solutions to help you overcome.After that, you need to determine your specific needs. This includes considering the size and complexity of the objects you want to scan, the level of detail required, how you plan to use the data, the human resources available, and the skills of your quality control team.For instance, industries like aerospace and automotive require extremely high precision for quality control and validation. Meanwhile, other applications like cultural heritage preservation may prioritize the ability to capture colors and textures over geometric precision.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1713430528437-HandySCAN3D_Helicopter_parts_2.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">If you’re struggling with a labor shortage or bottlenecks with your current metrology team, you will want to ensure that the 3D scanner you choose is user-friendly and intuitive for operators who are not metrology experts.<h2>Step 2: Consider Handheld 3D Scanners</h2>Moving from traditional quality control methods to fully automated systems can be expensive and complicated for most organizations. Installing a complete automated quality control system can cost more than half a million dollars, a significant investment for any business.An effective intermediary solution is to start with portable 3D scanning technology.&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/portable-3d-scanners" target="_blank">Handheld 3D scanners</a> offer numerous advantages, such as:<ul><li>Flexibility: They can be used in various environments and are not limited to objects of a specific size or shape.</li><li>Cost-effectiveness: Handheld 3D scanners are significantly less expensive than their automated counterparts, making them a more accessible entry point for incorporating 3D scanning into your quality control processes.</li><li>Ease of use: Many models are designed with user-friendliness in mind, requiring minimal training and onboarding for quick integration within existing quality control workflows.</li></ul><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1713430539552-HandySCAN-MAX_Scanner_Van-bumber_Remote-desktop-compatibility-2.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 id="isPasted">Step 3: Look for 3D Scanners with Integrated 3D Scanning Software</h2>The value of a 3D scanning solution extends beyond the acquisition of hardware. To optimize your investment, ask 3D scanner suppliers whether their solutions come with&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/3d-applications-software-platforms" target="_blank">integrated 3D scanning software</a>. This will help minimize the risk of dealing with multiple hardware/software manufacturers and potential compatibility issues.Also, make sure you have a clear understanding of the integration capabilities of 3D scanning software. If you are currently using&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/metrology-solutions/3d-applications-software-platforms/vxmodel-scan-cad-software-module" target="_blank">CAD software</a> and are &nbsp;, it is crucial to rely on a manufacturer that can provide solutions that can be individually upgraded and adapted based on your specific context.This modular approach ensures that you won’t have to purchase a completely new system to benefit from the latest advancements in metrology when your quality control processes are ready.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1713430564126-Automotive_Differential-Housing_CAD_on_laptop_220916519-2048x1365.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 id="isPasted">Step 4: Focus on Ease of Use and Manufacturer Support</h2>As mentioned before, it is crucial not to underestimate the importance of an easy-to-use 3D scanner. Many quality control teams struggle to find and retain skilled metrology professionals. Additionally, conventional CMMs often have capacity limitations that slow down the process. Adding 3D scanners should not worsen this problem.Thankfully, many of the latest 3D scanners are designed to be user-friendly. They are intuitive enough for individuals of all skill levels to pick up quickly, so there is no need to compromise current timelines and quality control KPIs.It’s important to not only consider the price when selecting a 3D scanner for quality control processes. Choosing the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/why-using-low-cost-3d-scanners-in-professional-applications-can-be-a-costly-mistake/" target="_blank">cheapest option may lead to inaccuracies and undetected faults, which can negatively impact the quality of your products</a>. Additionally, opting for a 3D scanner that is not manufactured or designed in North America may result in less durable and reliable products.Furthermore, the quality of the 3D scanner and the level of support offered by the manufacturer, including training and after-sales support, are equally essential. To ensure maximum efficiency and productivity, it’s advisable to receive <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/customer-support" target="_blank">good manufacturer training and support</a>. This should ideally be available worldwide to minimize downtimes and ensure that you are getting the most out of your 3D scanners.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1713430570437-metrascan3d-scanning-inside-plane-VXelements-software2.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 id="isPasted">Step 5: Plan for the Future</h2>While choosing technology that meets your current needs is important, it’s equally essential to consider where your industry is headed and how your needs might change. For instance, if you start with a need for occasional quality checks, you may eventually require continuous quality control as your operations scale. Therefore, selecting a scalable solution from the start is essential.When looking for scanners, opt for those designed with the future in mind. This includes&nbsp;<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/corporate/news-room/press-releases" target="_blank">manufacturers that regularly issue software updates and hardware add-ons as well as work with customers in a wide range of industries</a>, allowing for enhanced functionality as new technologies emerge.Market-leading 3D scanner manufacturers typically have a proven track record of innovating, updating, and supporting their metrology solutions over years, if not decades. A company’s commitment to improving its product lifecycle and ensuring long-term research and development indicates how well it will support your evolving needs.<h2>Conclusion: The Lasting Value of Choosing the Right 3D Scanner</h2>The process of improving quality control through 3D scanning should not be just a short-term procurement decision. It’s a strategic choice that will help your business thrive in the future.Choosing the right 3D scanning technology is crucial to balance current needs and future flexibility. It’s a commitment to enhancing quality standards while staying competitive in the market. By adopting portable 3D scanners, supported by solid software and manufacturer support, you can lay a foundation to withstand technological advancements and market fluctuations.Visualize your quality control processes not just as they are, but as they could be. By selecting solutions that promise scalability, you can ensure that your initial investment will turn into a long-term asset that continues to deliver results for years to come.Therefore, choose the option that puts your business at the forefront of quality control, and assures you that when the future of 3D scanning innovations arrives, you will be ready to implement them with confidence.

Creaform have compiled a list of their best tips to help you choose a 3D measurement technology that not only meets your current needs but also allows for future growth. 

Smart Steps to Integrating 3D Scanning in Your Quality Control

Sonar scan overlay with camera image in background.

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Do you ever question the accuracy and reliability of your quality control (QC) process? Do you ever doubt the quality of your measurement setup, especially if you are a non-expert in 3D scanning? Have you ever measured large parts that required moving the equipment to expand the measuring volume and questioned if there was a cumulative error that could distort the results?Knowing that decisions can be misguided without a reliable QC process and lead to costly errors, it is crucial to ensure that your measurements are as accurate as possible. If you are unsure about your current QC process, this blog can offer innovative solutions.<h2 id="isPasted">Unreliable QC Process</h2>Doubt can impair decision-making that will directly impact product quality. <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/how-to-better-detect-manufacturing-defects/" target="_blank">Accepting parts that do not meet requirements</a> while rejecting parts that comply with standards are costly errors that ultimately undermine customer satisfaction and company revenue. Therefore, companies must &nbsp; and understand where this doubt in measurement accuracy and reliability stems from.<h2>Origin of Doubt, Sources of Bad Decisions</h2>Various factors can influence measurement accuracy and reliability in QC processes, leading to bad decision-making. Simply put, errors may arise in QC processes due to three main factors: the measuring equipment, the user conducting the measurements, and the environment or measuring methods around and between the equipment and the user.<h3>Measuring Equipment</h3>Equipment certified according to relevant standards, such as ISO, has been thoroughly tested and qualified to meet specific performance criteria. This ensures its capability to produce accurate, repeatable, and reliable measurements. On the other hand, equipment that has not undergone rigorous testing and meticulous qualification may perform poorly or function inadequately, regardless of who uses it. Opting for <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/3d-scanning-for-inspection-a-smart-choice/" target="_blank">high-quality equipment</a> engineered by renowned manufacturers typically results in greater accuracy, more reliable measurements, and software features that minimize user error, compared to lower-quality alternatives.<h3>User</h3>Human error is regularly cited as a primary source of error in various processes, including measurement and quality control, despite advances in automation. This is often due to a lack of technical expertise, which has been a significant challenge in recent years. As a result, users without the requisite technical background may not use the equipment correctly, leading to measurement errors and affecting the data quality. This misuse can be caused by a lack of guidance on how to operate the equipment or by not performing the correct setup, which is necessary to ensure accurate measurements.<h3>Environment and Measuring Methods</h3>Equipment performance can also vary depending on the environment and measuring methods used. For instance, quality control of large parts cannot always be carried out in a metrology lab. Inspection must often be conducted directly in the production environment, where vibrations and thermal variations can impact validation jigs, resulting in inaccurate and non-repeatable measurements. Additionally, when dealing with large parts, leapfrogs are often required and can introduce an additional, unspecified error that further contributes to measurement inaccuracy.Therefore, to reject the bad parts and keep only the good ones, QC specialists and metrologists must take all necessary measures to minimize and, ideally, eliminate any uncertainty from all sources. This is an essential step for maximizing overall confidence in the QC process and creating an ideal environment for making confident and informed decisions.<h2>Eliminate Errors in your QC Process</h2>Creaform is introducing three new improvements to the <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/optical-3d-scanner-metrascan/technical-specifications" target="_blank">MetraSCAN BLACK+</a><a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/optical-3d-scanner-metrascan/technical-specifications" target="_blank">TM</a> to help eliminate errors in your QC process. The new acceptance tests based on ISO 10360 provides better confidence in the measurement equipment, ensuring accurate measurement results. Adding new specifications and easy-to-use 360 magnetic targets further enhances measurement accuracy, especially for large parts that require leapfrogging. Finally, the latest guidance tools make it easier for non-experts to use the measurement tool efficiently and correctly.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1712821737338-Large_part_being_scanned_MetraSCAN-1536x1024.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Engineer scanning a massive part with the Creaform MetraSCAN BLACK+<h3 id="isPasted">1. New Acceptance Tests Based on ISO 10360</h3>What is more important than trusting the accuracy specified on a manufacturer’s specification sheet? The best way to generate this trust is to rely on international standards, such as ISO, which has an impeccable reputation in the industry and a proven track record in QC processes. This is why the performance of the MetraSCAN BLACK+ is now also validated based on ISO 10360, in addition to being certified according to the German standard VDI/VDE 2634 part 3.Moreover, Creaform’s acceptance test and performance assessment now include two new specifications: the form error on a sphere and the form error on a flat surface.Concretely, this indicates that our 3D scanners must undergo a more rigorous process and succeed in more performance tests before being shipped to customers, resulting in better-quality products without exceptions. By being fully transparent about our qualification and certification acceptance tests, customers can be confident in the product performance and Creaform’s stated accuracy.<h3>2. QC on Large Parts Simplified with Automatic Volume Extension and 360 Magnetic Targets</h3><a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/do-you-have-trouble-measuring-and-analyzing-large-parts/" target="_blank">Inspecting large parts</a> often requires extending the reach of the measuring device. A measuring arm may have physical limitations that necessitate leapfrogging to expand its volume. Even with equipment having deep measuring volume, line-of-sight issues can occur when measuring hidden areas (like the back of a car), leaving no option but to move the device to have a more direct field of view.Proceeding with leapfrogs has two significant drawbacks in QC processes. The more leapfrogs there are, the more the volumetric accuracy deteriorates, and the longer it takes to complete the QC process, especially with measuring arms that must be repositioned at each step. The problem is that most measuring equipment manufacturers do not specify the impact of leapfrogging in their specifications, leaving users in doubt about the measurement accuracy.Creaform introduces more updates to its MetraSCAN BLACK+. The Automatic Volume Extension (AVE) feature has been enhanced and now includes a specification (0.025mm + 0.015mm/m), indicating that a 5-meter part can be measured with an accuracy of 0.100mm. Additionally, new 360 magnetic targets have been added to improve tracking. These enhancements solve the leapfrog issue, allowing users to move the C-Track and perform real-time photogrammetry with greater accuracy and speed.Automatic Volume Extension (AVE) The AVE feature allows for automatic acquisition volume extension only by moving the C-Track without requiring extra measurements. Creaform’s advanced integrated photogrammetry and scaling algorithms ensure a more precise, repeatable, and human-error-free measurement of large parts.360 Magnetic Targets With their crafty design, the new 360 magnetic targets are automatically detected from any angle by the C-track, making tracking easier and setup quicker. Users, whether they are experts or beginners, can now effectively scan large parts and get accurate and reliable measurements.See how the QC process is simplified for large parts with the AVE feature and new 360 magnetic targets.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/ZIS3pLxrykU?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe><h3 id="isPasted">New Setup Assistance Tools</h3>The MetraSCAN BLACK+ now comes equipped with setup assistance tools designed to help new or inexperienced users get up to speed quickly and feel confident using the device, even without extensive prior knowledge.Using live visual feedback, the software helps the user position the targets in the right number and places.The guidance volume display simplifies the setup process and allows users to make swift adjustments. The assistance tools also provide users with advanced setup diagnostics, which help them troubleshoot and validate their setup before starting a new acquisition. Using a target deviation table and vectors, they can determine if there were any deviations since the targets were positioned. This lets them conclude whether the jig has been impacted or thermally deformed.Check out how the Setup Assistance Tools help users troubleshoot their setups.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/Ejown4IhHOI?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe>In short, the setup assistance tools—with their live feedback on positioning targets and advanced troubleshooting assistance—provide guidance for setup preparation, making it easier for non-experts to use their measuring equipment and to be confident in their QC process.<h2>Make the Right Decisions Based on Accurate, Repeatable, and Reliable Data</h2>With these new improvements to the MetraSCAN BLACK+, Creaform is taking a step further to reduce errors that can occur in the QC process. Now, the performance of the measuring equipment is validated based on ISO 10360 for better accuracy. The user, whether expert or beginner, is better guided during setup execution. Measuring methods requiring leapfrogging are now better documented and easier to perform. Users can also troubleshoot their setups to ensure environmental conditions have not created deviations.Therefore, if all sources of error are eliminated from the equation and you no longer doubt the equipment, the user, or the environment and measuring methods, then you make the right decision with confidence, knowing that the default can only come from the part that must be reworked or rejected. This is how you can regain confidence in your QC process.Learn more about the New <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/optical-3d-scanner-metrascan/technical-specifications" target="_blank">MetraSCAN BLACK+</a>.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1712821796433-metrascan3d-car-frame-scanning-1-1536x1024.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Engineer scanning a car body with the Creaform MetraSCAN BLACK+

Engineer scanning a massive part with the Creaform MetraSCAN BLACK+

Do you ever question the accuracy and reliability of your quality control (QC) process? Do you ever doubt the quality of your measurement setup, especially if you are a non-expert in 3D scanning?

Do you have confidence in your 3D measurements? Are you certain they are accurate, repeatable, and reliable?

3D scanning of the human back is a modern method that&nbsp;helps noninvasively identify disorders such as scoliosis.&nbsp;Using a 3D scanning approach provides a noninvasive method that can prevent invasive medical procedures&nbsp;and&nbsp;radiation risks&nbsp;from medical X-ray examinations. The Photoneo MotionCam-3D provides&nbsp;accurate and high-resolution 3D scans even in motion, which makes it the ideal choice for scanning the human body.Authors:Mirko Kaiser (1,2), Tobia Brusa (1), Marco Wyss (1), Saša Ćuković (2), Martin Bertsch (1,2), William R. Taylor (2), and Volker M. Koch (1)<ol><li>Biomedical Engineering Lab, <a href="https://www.bfh.ch/en/" target="_blank">Bern University of Applied Sciences</a>, 2501 Biel, Switzerland</li><li><a href="https://movement.ethz.ch/" target="_blank">Laboratory for Movement Biomechanics, ETH Zurich</a>, 8092 Zürich, Switzerland</li></ol>Challenge:Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is an abnormal curvature of the spine that appears in late childhood or adolescence. The early screening of children and adolescents is crucial to identify and prevent the further progression of AIS. Doctors often use tools like scoliometers to estimate the spine’s angle noninvasively.&nbsp;3D scanners are also used to estimate spine deformities but&nbsp;not all scanners are sufficiently good for this purpose. The authors of this pilot study tested multiple 3D scanning technologies on 30 AIS patients and 76 healthy people to identify the minimal resolution required to capture the topography and deformities of the human back.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzEyNzUwNzgzOTQzLTE3MTI3NTA3ODM5NDMucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" alt="3D scanning for scoliosis diagnistics_Workflow" width="774" height="410" srcset="https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WORKFLOW_Picture7-400x212.jpg 400w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WORKFLOW_Picture7-1024x543.jpg 1024w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WORKFLOW_Picture7-768x407.jpg 768w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WORKFLOW_Picture7-1536x814.jpg 1536w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WORKFLOW_Picture7-453x240.jpg 453w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/WORKFLOW_Picture7.jpg 1568w" sizes="(max-width: 774px) 100vw, 774px" class="fr-fic fr-dii">Solution:<a href="https://www.photoneo.com/motioncam-3d/" target="_blank">MotionCam-3D</a>The evaluation is based on a dataset of scoliotic patients, consisting of 30 optical captures of the human back, and a dataset containing 76 healthy subjects.The capturing was carried out using different 3D acquisition systems:a) Photoneo’s patented Parallel Structured Light&nbsp;technology implemented in MotionCam-3D M+b) Structured light with TIDA-00254 (DLP Lightcrafter 4500) and a monochrome 2D camera from HIKROBOT (MV-CA023-10UM)c) Active stereo with Lightcrafter 4500 and two monochrome 2D cameras from HIKROBOTd) Single-shot structured light with the Orbbec Astra Minie) Active stereo with Intel D415&nbsp;<figure><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzEyNzUwNzgzNzU4LTE3MTI3NTA3ODM3NTgucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" alt="3D back shape captures from Photoneo MotionCam-3D and other 3D vision technologies" width="947" height="353" srcset="https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Three-dimensional-back-shape-captures-from-a-Photoneo-MotionCam-3D-b-structured-light-with-TIDA-00254-c-active-stereo-with-BoofCV-d-Orbbec-Astra-Mini-e-Intel-D415.-400x149.jpg 400w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Three-dimensional-back-shape-captures-from-a-Photoneo-MotionCam-3D-b-structured-light-with-TIDA-00254-c-active-stereo-with-BoofCV-d-Orbbec-Astra-Mini-e-Intel-D415.-480x179.jpg 480w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Three-dimensional-back-shape-captures-from-a-Photoneo-MotionCam-3D-b-structured-light-with-TIDA-00254-c-active-stereo-with-BoofCV-d-Orbbec-Astra-Mini-e-Intel-D415..jpg 742w" sizes="(max-width: 947px) 100vw, 947px" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><figcaption>Picture: 3D back shape captures from: a) Photoneo MotionCam-3D b) Structured light with TIDA-00254 c) Active stereo with BoofCV d) Orbbec Astra Mini e) Intel D415</figcaption></figure>&nbsp;The Photoneo MotionCam-3D is an industrial area-scan 3D camera that is powered by Photoneo’s patented Parallel Structured Light technology. While conventional structured light technologies need to emit several light patterns in a sequence, the Parallel Structured Light&nbsp;technology allows capturing a number of patterns in one laser sweep thanks to the proprietary COMPIS sensor.Thanks to this, MotionCam-3D provides high-resolution and submillimeter-accuracy 3D data even in motion. This makes it an ideal choice for applications involving 3D scanning of the human body.Because of its unique features and unequalled performance level, MotionCam-3D was used as a reference&nbsp;and ground truth for 3D scanning in this pilot study.<figure><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzEyNzUwNzgzODk2LTE3MTI3NTA3ODM4OTYucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" alt="Photoneo MotionCam-3D used for scanning the human back" width="813" height="504" srcset="https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Photoneo-MotionCam-3D-used-for-scanning-the-human-back-400x248.png 400w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Photoneo-MotionCam-3D-used-for-scanning-the-human-back-1024x635.png 1024w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Photoneo-MotionCam-3D-used-for-scanning-the-human-back-768x476.png 768w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Photoneo-MotionCam-3D-used-for-scanning-the-human-back-387x240.png 387w, https://www.photoneo.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/03/Photoneo-MotionCam-3D-used-for-scanning-the-human-back.png 1460w" sizes="(max-width: 813px) 100vw, 813px" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><figcaption>Picture: Photoneo MotionCam-3D</figcaption></figure>&nbsp;The scan data was processed using three approaches:1.) The first approach used a frequency analysis of a ground-truth 3D representation to obtain an initial estimate of its contained frequencies. This estimate was used in the second and third approaches as the initial cut-off frequency.&nbsp;2.) The second approach compared the shape of the reduced-quality 3D representation with the ground-truth shape. This approach took a ground-truth 3D representation of the object of interest (in this case, the human back) as the input. The ground-truth 3D representation can be either captured using a very accurate 3D acquisition system (in this case, Photoneo MotionCam-3D, with a point size of 0.52 mm, @z = 900 mm, and accuracy &lt; 0.3 mm) or delivered as a CAD representation (e.g., for artificial objects).3.) The third approach compared the symmetry line of the reduced-quality 3D representation with its benchmark.Discussion:The results of this pilot study suggest that for accurate scans of the human back, a resolution of 2 to 5 millimeters is necessary, and a camera resolution of at least 640 × 480 pixels is recommended for future studies.The optical 3D systems evaluated in this paper are summarized below:<table width="803"><tbody><tr><td>System</td><td>Resolution&nbsp;</td><td>Accuracy</td></tr><tr><td>Photoneo MotionCam-3D M+</td><td>1680 × 1200 resp. 1120 × 800&nbsp;</td><td>error &lt; 0.3 mm at 0.9 m</td></tr><tr><td>SL/AS with TIDA &amp; HIKROBOT</td><td>912 × 1140 resp. 1920 × 1200&nbsp;</td><td>error ~1 mm at 1 m</td></tr><tr><td>Intel D415</td><td>1280 × 720&nbsp;</td><td>error &lt; 2% up to 2 m</td></tr><tr><td>Orbbec Astra Mini</td><td>640 × 480</td><td>error &lt; 3 mm at 1 m</td></tr></tbody></table>All tested systems satisfy the required minimal resolution to capture the human back.The Photoneo MotionCam-3D also satisfies the minimal required spatial resolution. The results&nbsp;confirm that the Photoneo MotionCam-3D is a valid choice as a ground-truth-capturing&nbsp;device&nbsp;because&nbsp;the accuracy error of less than 0.3 mm is three times lower than the required spatial resolution resulting from the first approach (1 mm) and seven to seventeen times lower than the required spatial resolution resulting from the second and third approaches (2 mm to 5 mm).The Photoneo MotionCam-3D is thus a valid option for capturing the human back.The approaches and recommendations in the paper can be used to obtain an approximate estimate of the minimal required spatial resolution and the minimal required camera and projector resolution. However, the authors recommend additional practical measurements with such systems to confirm the requirements for individual applications.&nbsp;The full paper titled “Minimal Required Resolution to Capture the 3D Shape of the Human Back—A Practical Approach” was published by PMC PubMed Central, the National Library of Medicine.You can <a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10537399/" target="_blank">access the full paper here</a>.Would you like to discuss your use case with the Photoneo team and how Photoneo technology can help you achieve your desired results? <a href="https://www.photoneo.com/contact-us/?utm_source=Wevolver&utm_medium=Case%20study&utm_campaign=3D%20scanning%20for%20scoliosis%20diagnostics" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Contact Photoneo</a>.

Using a 3D scanning approach such as Photoneo MotionCam-3D for scoliosis diagnosis provides a noninvasive method that can prevent invasive medical procedures and radiation risks from medical X-ray examinations.

3D scanning for scoliosis diagnostics

The automotive industry is undergoing a huge transformation. As the world moves towards more sustainable energy sources, electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming a driving force to transition from gas-powered cars. Just recently, <a href="https://www.gearpatrol.com/cars/g34452328/future-electric-cars/" target="_blank">Gear Patrol</a> and <a href="https://www.caranddriver.com/news/g29994375/future-electric-cars-trucks/" target="_blank">Car and Driver</a> have showcased future EVs from a wide range of automotive manufacturers, including Acura, Audi, Mercedes, Chevrolet, Ford, BMW, Polestar, Kia and Hyundai, just to name a few. Even luxury car brands, like Alfa Romeo, Maserati and Bentley, are jumping on the EV bandwagon.What’s more, <a href="https://www.cnbc.com/2023/06/16/converting-gas-powered-cars-to-evs-is-a-booming-business.html" target="_blank">shops and the aftermarket sector are noticing a substantial increase in demand for converting combustion vehicles to electric</a>, propelled by demand from DIYers and classic car collectors.But developing EVs or converting traditional cars to electric is not a mere battery-swapping game. It’s a complex process involving precision, detail, and innovative engineering. At the heart of this new approach to vehicle design is 3D scanning technology.We sat down with one of Creaform’s clients, <a href="https://www.phiaro.jp/en/" target="_blank">Phiaro</a>, to learn more about how the company is utilizing 3D scanners to convert conventional vehicles into EVs for its clients.Based in Japan and with <a href="https://phiaroinc.com/" target="_blank">offices in Irvine, California</a>, Phiaro is an industrial engineering company that offers research, design, and product development services to the automotive sector. In the business for over 80 years, the company has carved an enviable niche in the market for constantly pushing the technology envelope further.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1711016488267-photo_01-1536x864.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Phiaro’s engineering managers see a promising future for Creaform’s 3D scanners in their EV design and inspection workflows<h2 id="isPasted">3D scanning: A pivotal technology for designing brand-new EVs</h2>When manufacturers embark on a new project to create an innovative EV model, metrology-grade 3D scanners allow engineers and industrial designers to accurately acquire 3D measurements of existing combustion-engine vehicles, which can then be used as the springboard for designing its EV counterpart.Traditional vehicle design methods, involving multiple physical prototypes and iterations, are both time-consuming and resource-intensive. Using 3D scanners can substantially reduce the costs associated with these EV development processes, making them more efficient and accelerating an automotive manufacturer’s time to market.The design teams at Phiaro use Creaform’s Go!SCAN SPARK to replace their conventional methods of taking photographs with a digital camera or using legacy equipment fixed to a jig to conduct tests on the vehicles they are designing. Both of these methods were cumbersome as not all the information was readily available to Phiaro’s development teams or did not offer the level of accuracy required for engineering and performance assessments. The Go!SCAN SPARK generates measurements without the use of positioning targets which saves a lot of time, and it captures precise texture info together with color.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/56-pzC8vm_I?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe><h3 id="isPasted">Combining the power of 3D scanning and mixed reality technologies</h3>Always ahead of the curve when it comes to adopting new technologies, Phiaro is also using the Go!SCAN SPARK, along with mixed reality (MR) technologies, to recreate accurate virtual models of vehicles. These models, when integrated with mixed reality tools, provide a virtual playground for engineers. They can “explore” the car, “see” the components in 3D space, and virtually confirm the design of EV engines, for example, when they are installed in the actual vehicle space.This virtual validation process drastically cuts down design and testing time. It also provides a tangible way for engineers across the globe to collaborate in real time. Imagine an engineer in Saitama working on a design and a colleague examining the outcomes in Tochigi, Japan, virtually walking around the same car model, providing instant feedback, and confirming changes.Phiaro’s engineering managers see a promising future for Creaform’s 3D scanners in their EV design workflows. As many in the automotive industry know, the sector is just getting started when it comes to innovations in EV design and performance.

Phiaro’s engineering managers see a promising future for Creaform’s 3D scanners in their EV design and inspection workflows

The automotive industry is undergoing a huge transformation. As the world moves towards more sustainable energy sources, electric vehicles (EVs) are becoming a driving force to transition from gas-powered cars.

3D scanning for gas-powered cars conversions of electrical vehicle design

MTi-680 motion tracking sensor from Movella enables continuous levelling and stabilisation of SmartPano's images of road scenesMobile mapping is big business. Amongst other, the automotive industry relies on continually updated visual and geospatial data to enable consumer-friendly features such as satellite navigation and location-aware speed limit information. New driving assistance and automated driving functions require even more detailed data about roads and traffic. Search and mapping services for computers and mobile phones also draw on a huge global data store of geolocated images.Until now, this mapping data has been gathered and owned by giant technology companies that deploy specialised 3D cameras mounted on dedicated vehicles. Because of the huge cost of owning and operating the cameras, mapping has been a business for those with very deep pockets.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzExMDEzNzQ2NzI1LWdlbiAyLnBuZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The SmartPano 360° camera from Smart DeltaThe introduction of the portable and affordable SmartPano 360° camera from SmartDelta breaks down the barriers to the mapping market. The high quality and stability of the SmartPano's images owe much to the 3D motion data produced by the Xsens MTi-680 sensor from Movella.A new alternative to expensive, fixed 360° camera systemsThe barrier to participation in the mobile mapping market has been the huge cost of the equipment. Internet search companies and other large tech companies have developed high-performance but high-cost fixed camera/sensor systems that are permanently attached to a host vehicle. Highly complex, these proprietary systems require extensive driver training before use.Smart Delta's development of the SmartPano camera turns the existing approaches to mobile mapping on their head. Smart Delta has created a product which is small and light enough to be easily transported anywhere in the world. The IP67 system is delivered in a hand luggage size transport case and weighs only 5.6 KG. The system has four powerful magnetic fixing cups, so it can be easily set on- and removed from the roof of any car. Wi-Fi and Bluetooth connections and 2 interconnected integrated power banks mean that the system does not need any external cables and can be operated for a full day of mapping without the need to recharge. <img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzExMDEzNzU5ODk3LXNtYXJ0IHBhbm8gMS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The SmartPano camera's base has convenient magnetic cups for fixing it to the roof of a carCrucially, the SmartPano camera system costs a fraction of the proprietary camera systems typically used for mobile mapping today.Yet despite its size and affordability, the SmartPano camera offers geospatial video data and accuracy as good as that of an expensive proprietary system. Four Sony image sensors behind F2.28 aspherical fisheye lenses capture a sharp 360° view at a rate of 7 frames per second in 8KK (UHD) mode. The images are geolocated by a Ublox GNSS receiver.Continuous stitching of video captured by the four image sensors requires the images to be levelled and stabilised – as though the entire camera system were mounted on a virtual gimbal. This is achieved by sophisticated SmartDelta software operating on accurate pitch and roll data produced by the Xsens MTi-680 motion tracking sensor. Tightly synchronised to the GNSS receiver and the image sensors, the MTi-680 allows the SmartPano to compensate for every bump, slope and camber in the road. The MTi-680 also provides orientation and 3D acceleration data that enables the SmartPano to maintain accurate geolocation information when it is denied a GNSS signal, such as when driving through a short tunnel. <img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzExMDEzMzg1MjA0LU1UaS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The MTi-680 motion tracker is small enough to fit in the Smart Pano's compact enclosureJan Wierenga, CCOof Smart Delta, says that the combination of high-resolution image sensors, the MTi-680 motion data, and SmartDelta software is the reason the SmartPano can match the industry's highest standards for data quality despite being available at a fraction of the cost of Big Tech systems. "Our SmartPano system has undergone rigorous testing by one of the foremost mobile mapping data providers in the world, emerging triumphantly with exceptional quality and reliability. Positioned as an invaluable asset for mapping and location platform companies, SmartPano presents a compelling opportunity to significantly reduce the expenses associated with consistently updating high-quality road maps – meeting and exceeding the stringent demands of their discerning clientele." <img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzExMDEzMzk5OTQzLW1haW4gcGljLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">SmartPano images are seamlessly stitched to form a 360° imageThe Smartpano is not only affordable to buy, but it is very scalable to operate as well.Jan Wierenga explains: The intuitive user interface ensures any driver can operate the system without the need of any Mobile Mapping knowledge. Specific software settings to meet the customer's requirements can be (remotely) preset and protected so that the driver can focus on his/her task.Lidar:When the SmartPano system itself is not sufficient, connecting a LiDAR system to the SmartPano Mobile Mapping System is a simple and intuitive action. The system is designed with user-friendliness in mind and provides seamless connectivity options for various pre integrated LiDAR devices.This new democratisation of mobile mapping opens up many new opportunities to use the Smart- Pano’s 360° video outputs. Smart Delta sees many different applications where the Smartpano can prove its added value and welcomes potential customers to share their business case.More information about the <a href="https://smartdelta.nl/system/smart-pano/#" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">SmartPano 360°</a> camera.&nbsp;More information about the <a href="http://More information about the MTi-680 motion tracker." target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">MTi-680</a> motion tracker.&nbsp;

SmartDelta opens up the market for ultra-HD mobile mapping data with new SmartPano portable, low-cost/ high accuracy 360° mobile mapping system

Smart pano makes mobile mapping easy

Deep Trekker PIVOT ROV investigating a shipwreck.

Discover how creating digital twins using ROVs enables efficient monitoring, and maintenance of underwater assets by exploring the capabilities of advanced modeling techniques.

Improving Underwater Asset Management with ROVs

Surface roughness can be measured with a profilometer

Measuring surface roughness allows metrologists to establish the roughness of a surface for quality control or other purposes. But how exactly is it done?

Measuring Surface Roughness: A Comprehensive Guide

<h2 id="isPasted">Insights into the Inspection Challenges Arising during Sheet Metal Manufacturing.</h2>Manufacturing sheet metal is far from a simple task. It requires rigorous inspection, primarily due to the high quality and stringent safety standards required in the automotive industry. No doubt, a combination of advanced technology and skilled labor must be involved to ensure that the sheet metal components are cut and shaped to precise dimensions. This includes checking for correct length, width, surface profile, and overall shape. Quality inspection is vital because automotive sheet metal must withstand stress and fatigue over the vehicle’s lifetime.Apart from ensuring safety, quality inspection also ensures that the visual standards of consumers are met. This is achieved by guaranteeing that parts are assembled with the best possible flush (height on either side of a gap) and the smallest gap (width of a strip between two car components, e.g. door and chassis).This blog post addresses the inspection challenges involved in sheet metal manufacturing. If you are looking to enhance the quality of your sheet metal parts, balance the thoroughness of inspections with cost and time efficiency, and gain some tips that could give you an edge over your competitors, this article might pique your interest.<h2>The Most Popular Manufacturing Techniques for Sheet Metal</h2>Stamping and laser cutting are among the most commonly used methods for manufacturing sheet metal components in the automotive industry. Both techniques require some level of dimensional inspection, ensuring that parts meet specified dimensions and tolerances. However, the extent and nature of the inspection vary depending on the process used.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1709817909876-Industrial-press-for-sheet-metal-stamping-and-CNC-laser-machine-cutting-sheet-metal-1536x507.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">CNC laser machine cutting sheet metal with light spark. Technology plasma industrial, Blue steel color.<h3 id="isPasted">Stamping</h3>Stamping involves using a stamping press to transform flat sheet metal (in either blank or coil form) into a net shape. This method is used to manufacture high-volume parts like frames, hoods, doors, and panels. Dimensional inspection is crucial in this process due to the high volume and precision required for these automotive parts. Inspections typically focus on checking the dimensions of features like holes, flanges, and bends, as well as overall part geometry.<h3>Laser Cutting</h3>Laser cutting, on the other hand, is used for cutting precise shapes in metal. It is typically used to produce intricate components or those that require a high degree of accuracy. Precision is key in laser cutting, so inspection typically focuses on the accuracy of cut dimensions, edge quality, and the position of features like holes or cutouts.In each of these techniques, various tools and instruments can be used for dimensional inspection, such as traditional calipers and micrometers, coordinate measuring machines (CMMs), or laser scanning and 3D metrology tools. The choice of measuring equipment depends on the complexity of the parts, the precision required, and the production volume.Laser 3D scanning is particularly advantageous for inspecting parts with complex shapes and detailed features or when high precision is required. Its ability to quickly capture a part’s entire geometry in high detail makes it a valuable tool, particularly for sheet metal manufacturing.<h2>What to Inspect on a Sheet Metal Part</h2>On sheet metal, certain features and dimensions are particularly critical to inspect due to their importance in the structural integrity and functionality of the part. Moreover, some bends or curved areas are often challenging to form and are prone to issues like spring back or deformation. Hence, manufacturers must control the quality of their parts, particularly the overall shape and edges.<h2>Keys Points for Controlling the Overall Shape</h2>Objective: Detecting any warping or distortion that might have occurred during manufacturing.While common, regular shape control involves a flatness tolerance, the inspection of complex 3D geometries involves a profile of a surface (or surface profile) tolerance.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1709817936809-GDT-in-VXinspect_Sheet-Metal-1536x1024.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Mockup image of a businesswoman using laptop with blank white desktop screen with coffee cup on wooden table in cafe<h3 id="isPasted">Flatness</h3>Symbolized by a parallelogram in GD&amp;T, a flatness tolerance specifies a tolerance zone defined by two parallel planes within which the surface or derived median plane must lie.<h3>Profile of a surface</h3>Represented by a half-circle in GD&amp;T, the tolerance zone established by the profile of a surface tolerance is 3D (a volume), extending along the length and width (or circumference) of the considered features.The profile of a surface tolerance is similar to the flatness tolerance. However, it uses the geometry of the part to create a tolerance envelope that conforms to the shape of the part, rather than a flat plane. Tolerances for sheet metal parts can be applied to the entire part or specific areas. Local tolerances are indicated on the 2D drawing and are necessary for tighter assemblies in specific locations.Moreover, tolerances (both flatness and profile of a surface) can be free in space, orientation, and position (no datum) or constrained to a specific alignment. This will affect the results, as a fully constrained profile of a surface tolerance will create an envelope that perfectly follows the geometry of the part, without any allowance for movement in space to fit all the points inside the envelope.<h2>Key Points to Inspecting Edges and Corners</h2>Objective: Detecting deformities and irregularities that might have appeared during the cutting and shaping processes.On common sheet metal parts, two types of edges are mostly present: sharp edges and hemmed edges.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1709817960526-HandySCAN3D_Sheet-Metal-Car-Part-Inspection-1536x1024.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h3 id="isPasted">Sharp Edges</h3>Sharp edges are mostly found on sheet metal parts that are laser-cut or stamped with a punch tool or die.<h3>Hemmed Edges</h3>Rather than sharp edges coming from stamping or laser cutting, hemmed edges present a rounded shape found in places prone to injuries, such as the contour of a car door.In the process of stamping and laser cutting sheet metal, certain edges of circles, oblongs, or part sides can become very sharp, which can be dangerous and cause injury or damage if left untreated. Therefore, it is necessary to deburr these edges to break their sharpness and straightness.To ensure that the edges, both hemmed and sharp, are safe and of high quality, manufacturers must accurately inspect their position, angle, and straightness. To achieve this, special algorithms have been developed and contribute to improving sheet metal manufacturing processes.Learn more about VXinspect’s Edge method, designed specifically for sheet metal edges<h2>More Areas to Control on Sheet Metal</h2>Holes, Oblongs, and Cut-Outs: Precision is key for holes, oblongs, and cut-outs in sheet metal parts, as they often need to align with other components. Inspecting these features ensures they are the correct size and properly positioned.Flanges and Tabs: Flanges and tabs are critical for the assembly process. Their dimensions and angles must be precise for proper fitment with other automotive parts.In short, when inspecting these key areas, you can ensure that sheet metal parts are manufactured to the correct dimensions and tolerance. You also confirm that they are the closest to the nominal design, and interference risks are mitigated. With no physical or functional interference, all parts fit together seamlessly and function as intended in the final assembly. As a result, quality, safety, and comfort are optimized.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1709817982143-Sheet-metal_Quality-Control_MetraSCAN-3D_Geely-1536x1151.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 id="isPasted">Which Sheet Metal Parts Are More Challenging to Inspect</h2>Certain parts pose more inspection challenges than others. Here are a few examples.<h3>Roof</h3>The roof of a car plays a vital role in ensuring passenger safety, which is why inspecting it is of utmost importance. However, due to its large size, measuring specific points directly on the assembly line can pose accessibility problems, requiring adapted tools. Therefore, when choosing the right inspection method, it’s not only the part itself that must be considered, but also the condition in which the part is inspected. This is particularly important in an automated quality control (AQC) context or for troubleshooting purposes.<h3>Doors and Fenders</h3>Parts that have structural rigidity once assembled, such as doors, do not need to be physically conformed before inspection. However, other parts, like front and rear fenders, that do not have structural rigidity, must be conformed. Conforming a part can be easy if the appropriate checking fixture is available. (Checking fixtures are typically designed for a specific part.) However, in today’s manufacturing world, production is shifting from Low Mix-High Volume to High Mix-Low Volume. This shift demands more checking fixtures, which in turn adds extra costs to the manufacturing and inspection processes.Holding fixtures are, however, more versatile than checking fixtures. They can be used on multiple parts, which reduces costs and saves storage space. Therefore, holding fixtures to which we add a fast measuring tool can significantly accelerate the conformation process.<h3>Car Body</h3>During the body in white (BIW) stage in which the car body’s frame is joined together, quality control is critical because it involves ensuring the quality of the vehicle’s metal framework before other components like the engine, chassis subassemblies, electronics, and interior trim are integrated into the structure. When inspecting large parts like the car body, pay close attention to the volumetric accuracy of the measuring tool used.Since the measurement deviation increases by a few microns per meter, the cumulative error of scanning a larger part is higher. Such deviations cannot be ignored, and scanning methods have been developed to reduce errors, such as using markers like passive or active targets and photogrammetry.<h2>Next Step: Understand the Technologies for Inspecting Sheet Metal</h2>Sheet metal parts must meet the high standards of quality and safety required by the automotive industry. Inspection is crucial to ensure that the manufactured parts are accurately dimensioned, thereby minimizing waste and reducing the need for rework, ultimately reducing production costs. This efficiency level is critical for any part manufacturer operating in the highly competitive automotive market.However, the manufacturing of sheet metal parts poses certain inspection challenges. To address these challenges, it is essential to select a suitable measuring technology among the different measurement solutions available by analyzing their respective advantages and disadvantages.

Manufacturing sheet metal is far from a simple task. It requires rigorous inspection, primarily due to the high quality and stringent safety standards required in the automotive industry.

Unveiling the Hidden Hurdles of Automotive Part Manufacturers

<h2 id="isPasted">The Use of Targets: A Significant Limitation</h2>Creaform has been advocating 3D scanning as an innovative solution for corrosion assessment for more than ten years. Throughout those years, however, we have seen a recurring demand for eliminating positioning targets during data acquisition. Indeed, more than a third of our users have identified the use of targets as a significant limitation of 3D scanning.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708692185631-Blog-NDT_graphics-01.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Chart showing the main limitations of 3D scanning according to users (35%: positioning targets, 31%: software limitations, 23%: cable, and 12%: large components).<h2 id="isPasted">Solution: New HandySCAN 3D|MAX Series</h2>3D scanning technology, which still features unmatched precision due to its unique auto-positioning and tracking, is not yet ready to completely eliminate targets. However, Creaform has recently introduced a significant innovation to address this issue. The <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/handyscan-3d-max-series-for-large-objects" target="_blank">HandySCAN 3D|MAX Series</a>, a 3D scanner designed specifically for large parts, was added to the product portfolio. This new scanner has a much wider field of view, allowing users to significantly reduce the number of targets used during the scanning process. In some cases, the targets can even be spaced as far as 30 cm apart.Furthermore, to enhance the scanning experience and preparation, we have developed a new positioning accessory called the 360 Magnetic Target. These new positioning targets can be positioned and removed more quickly than traditional markers. In addition, their geometry makes them more easily detectable by the sensor, regardless of the angle or position the user is holding the scanner.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708692209084-Prior_Scanning_Setup_Inside_Rail_Car.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">NDT technician scanning a cylindrical section inside a rail car, surrounded by a multitude of positioning targets.On the one hand, the NDT industry is mostly made of large parts and bulky structures, which are challenging to inspect due to the high number of positioning targets they may require. On the other hand, NDT service companies demand as few positioning targets as possible. For this reason, we engineered the new magnetic marker so that users can install and uninstall them very quickly—and in limited numbers.So, what does this improved ease of use represent in terms of productivity gains?<h2>Productivity Gain: 75% Less Inspection Time</h2>To get a better idea of the impact of this improvement, we made an experiment. We scanned a Ford Transit minivan of similar dimensions to a rail car (34 m2 vs 32 m2) with the new HandySCAN 3D|MAX Series. We documented the time required to set up and scan these two vehicles. The inspection carried out with the MAX Series took 75% less time to complete than the one performed with the HandySCAN 700.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708692229854-2024-02-07-15_09_05-Window.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Positioned halfway between conventional and long-range scanners, the MAX Series has been designed and optimized for measuring large parts and is the only <a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/en/ndt-solutions/ndt-pipeline-inspection-oil-and-gas-industry" target="_blank" id="isPasted">solution offered in the NDT market</a> with sub-millimeter precision.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708692237137-handyscan-max-ndt-solutions-refinery-Pressure-Vessel-1-LR-1536x1024.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">NDT technician holding a HandySCAN MAX and inspecting the paint and corrosion of a pressure vessel with a few 360 Magnetic Targets positioned on the structure.<h2 id="isPasted">Faster Preparation and Enhanced Scanning Experience</h2>With the new MAX Series, NDT service companies have the opportunity to become more productive and gain in productivity. Moreover, they can now measure a series of structure dimensions and complex geometries that were simply impossible to assess before with such a high level of precision. This is the case for rail storage tanks, tank cars for transporting oil and gas, distillation columns, and pressure vessels, to name just a few.In short, the HandySCAN 3D|MAX Series, combined with VXintegrity, provides NDT services companies with the most precise solution for assessing large corroded areas, and the fastest experience, from setup preparation to part inspection.<h2>Watch the New Technology in Action</h2><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/gw9O6G5lWZU?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe>

NDT technician holding a HandySCAN MAX and inspecting the paint and corrosion of a pressure vessel with a few 360 Magnetic Targets positioned on the structure.

The benefits associated with 3D scanning are unanimously acknowledged in the NDT industry. They involve the acquisition of data independent of the user’s expertise or experience, increased precision and repeatability, and significant productivity gains compared to more traditional techniques.

New 3D Scanner Revolutionizing Extensive Surface Damage Assessment

<section id="isPasted"><h2>A Brief Introduction to Photogrammetry</h2>Photogrammetry, a word derived from "photo" (light) and "metry" (measurement), is the art and science of creating precise 3D models using 2D images. It's a technology that allows us to turn photographs into detailed and accurate spatial representations. In this article, we'll explore the fundamentals of photogrammetry and how it's transforming the way we perceive and measure the world around us.<h3>The Photogrammetry Process</h3>The photogrammetry process involves capturing multiple images of an object or scene from various angles and then digitally stitching them together to form a 3D model. To achieve this, specialized cameras or remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) with high-resolution sensors are often used. This section delves into the step-by-step process of acquiring the necessary images and the subsequent software-driven transformation into a 3D model.<h3>Why Use Photogrammetry</h3>Photogrammetry enables the creation of highly accurate 3D models and measurements, offering a versatile and efficient solution for capturing, analyzing, and visualizing spatial data. Its applications span across many industries such as:<ul><li>Revolutionizing Surveying and Mapping Surveying professionals are increasingly turning to photogrammetry for its ability to create precise and detailed maps, improving the accuracy of measurements and simplifying the surveying process.</li><li>Reshaping Architectural Design Architects and designers now rely on photogrammetry to bring their creations to life in a more detailed and accurate way, transforming architectural design processes and the benefits it offers in creating immersive 3D models.</li><li>Preserving Cultural Heritage Photogrammetry has become an indispensable tool for the preservation of cultural heritage. By turning historical artifacts and sites into 3D models, we're not only preserving our past but also enabling future generations to explore and appreciate it.</li><li>Entertaining with Precision In the entertainment industry, photogrammetry is revolutionizing special effects and game development, transforming the entertainment world and the incredible realism it brings to movies, games, and virtual environments.</li><li>Forensics Forensic investigators are using photogrammetry to piece together crime scenes in remarkable detail, making a significant impact in the world of forensics and crime scene analysis.</li></ul><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708454085651-1708454085650.png" alt="photogrammetry castle capture " class="fr-fic fr-dii">Epic Games bringing the Ethiopian UNESCO site into 3D</section><section><h2>Acquiring Photogrammetry Footage: From Planning to Precise Capture</h2>Acquiring photogrammetry footage involves a structured process that varies depending on the specific application and available tools. To illustrate this process, let's explore underwater mapping as a specific example.<h3>Planning for Precision</h3>Before the cameras start rolling, meticulous planning is the cornerstone of a successful photogrammetry project. It begins by defining the target area or object, determining optimal camera positions and angles, and taking into account variables such as lighting conditions, water clarity, and turbidity. Effective planning sets the stage for accurate data capture.<h3>The Art of Capturing Images</h3>With a well-defined plan in place, the next step is to capture the images. In underwater mapping, this can be achieved through the use of remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) equipped with high-definition cameras or by deploying dive teams. The Deep Trekker ROV, for example, offers the convenience of the Mission Planner feature, enabling autonomous navigation along a predefined route while capturing images from multiple perspectives.<h3>Navigating the Perfect Path</h3>The chosen route for image capture can vary, from a spiral or wave pattern to straight paths, but the ultimate goal is to cover the largest possible area.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708454067087-1708454067087.png" alt="ROV possible route chart " class="fr-fic fr-dii">Achieving the best footage often requires a complete 360-degree rotation around the object. For precision, maintaining substantial overlap (50% or more) between successive photos is crucial. Close-up shots enhance texture detail, while shots from a distance aid in seamlessly stitching the object together.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708454069683-1708454069683.png" alt=" ROV 360-degree rotation around a object" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><h3>Mastering Image Quality</h3>To ensure high-quality images, several factors come into play. Consistency in color balance is essential for accurate modeling. It's crucial to minimize movement of the ROV during image capture to prevent blurring and to avoid disturbing debris from the seabed. Utilizing fast shutter speeds minimizes motion blur, adjusting the aperture (high f-number) provides a broad depth of field, and lowering the ISO reduces noise in the images.<h3>Processing the Captured Images</h3>Once the images are in the can, the next step involves merging and processing them using specialized modeling software. This software employs algorithms to retain the details from each individual image, allowing it to create a point cloud—precise data about the size, area, and position of objects, like ship hull fragments. This point cloud serves as the foundation for mapping nodes or vertices onto a solid surface, ultimately forming the intricate mesh of the 3D model.</section><section><h2>How Does Photogrammetry Software Work</h2>Think of photogrammetry software as similar to putting together a 3D model. The computational task of photogrammetry is completed automatically in the background by the software, which analyzes the footage and identifies key features in each frame, including patterns or shapes. The first step, of course, is to ensure your image files are supported by the software you are using. From there, the process of turning images into a 3D model can be broken down into four primary steps:<h3>Step 1: Aligning the Visual Pieces</h3>The software's first task is to align the images in your dataset, precisely calculating their relative positions. This results in a set of images carefully coordinated to provide a clear and coherent perspective. It's during this step that the software begins to estimate depth information, assigning X, Y, and Z coordinates that will serve as the building blocks for the 3D model.<h3>Step 2: Constructing a Dense Point Cloud</h3>Once the images are aligned, the software creates a dense point cloud. This cloud is a virtual representation of the subject, populated with countless points, each holding both location and color information. These points collectively capture the intricate details of the subject, forming the foundation for a precise 3D model.<h3>Forging the Mesh</h3>Building on the point cloud, the software utilizes mesh generation techniques to connect the individual points together. Imagine this as a network of triangular polygons weaving the points into a coherent structure. This process is pivotal in shaping the subject's geometry within the 3D space.<h3>Crafting Photorealistic Texture</h3>Now bring the 3D model to life. The software draws upon color and texture data from the original images. It refines the model through texture mapping, infusing it with the hues and nuances of the real subject. This final step ensures that the 3D model not only captures the physical structure but also boasts a photorealistic appearance.<h2>Finding Footage for Photogrammetry</h2>Acquiring the right imagery for photogrammetry is a crucial aspect of creating accurate 3D models. The number of images needed depends on the subject's characteristics, including its size, shape, scale, and complexity. While intricate subjects demand hundreds of images captured from multiple angles, simpler objects may require only a handful.Image resolution is a key determinant of photogrammetry quality. The resolution impacts the number of points that the photogrammetry algorithm can analyze, directly influencing the 3D model's precision and detail.<h3>Optimizing Image Requirements for Flawless 3D Modeling</h3>Achieving flawless 3D modeling through photogrammetry requires a meticulous approach to image requirements. Several factors come into play, including image resolution, overlap, camera settings, lighting conditions, and image acquisition angles. One critical factor is the subject's physical characteristics. Photogrammetry software excels with textured, multi-colored, and organic subjects. In contrast, smooth, shiny, single-colored, transparent, or mirrored subjects pose challenges for proper image reconstruction.<h3>The Crucial Role of High-Resolution Imagery</h3>Ultimately, the goal is to capture photographs (or video) in the highest quality possible, since it will directly impact the quality that the 3D model will be rendered in. Images with high pixel count ensure clarity and sharpness in the image capture, which will result in the creation of higher quality 3D models, so you’ll want to select video and image footage that is high resolution and clear to capture the finer details and ensure accuracy.<h3>Exploring Various Angles for Detailed Representation</h3>When capturing images for photogrammetry to achieve a detailed representation, it's necessary to explore various angles and viewpoints of the object or scene. To achieve a detailed representation of an object, you’ll want to cover a wide range of perspectives. A detailed representation necessitates covering an array of perspectives, including but not limited to:<ul><li>Top-Down View: This perspective offers a unique vantage point, capturing the subject from above, revealing its intricate details.</li><li>Front-Facing View: A straightforward view that presents the subject in its entirety, focusing on its frontal features.</li><li>360-Degree Rotation: Circling the subject from all angles ensures that no facet is left unexamined, yielding a comprehensive view.</li><li>Close-Up Shots: Zooming in to capture intricate nuances and fine details that may otherwise be missed.</li><li>Diagonal Views: Offering a dynamic angle, diagonal viewpoints can accentuate the subject's shape and characteristics.</li><li>Varying Heights: Experimenting with different heights allows you to capture your subject from various elevations, adding depth to the representation.</li></ul><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708454070526-1708454070526.png" alt="ROV Various Angles for Detailed Representation" class="fr-fic fr-dii">Remember, it's not just about capturing these perspectives in isolation; it's equally important to ensure substantial image overlap (50% or more) between consecutive photos. This overlap is the linchpin of the final 3D model's quality, ensuring that no detail is left uncovered and that your model emerges with the utmost precision and accuracy.<h3>How Does Proper Lighting Improve Quality of the Model</h3>The quality of your photogrammetry model is significantly impacted by the lighting conditions during image acquisition. Adequate illumination of the subject is key to reducing the chances of distortion. Achieving the right lighting involves controlling external light sources, using diffusers or reflectors to soften and evenly distribute light, and avoiding extreme contrasts. Consistency in lighting throughout the entire shoot is paramount, making overcast days a preferred choice for outdoor shooting.<h3>Factors to Consider When Choosing the Right Camera for Image Acquisition</h3>When choosing the right camera for image acquisition in photogrammetry requires careful consideration of several key components to ensure the best results. Factors to weigh include:<ul><li>Image resolution</li><li>Sensor size</li><li>Lens quality</li><li>Lens focal length</li><li>Manual controls</li></ul>Most importantly, you’ll want a camera with a high resolution sensor, and manual control over settings to capture the highest quality images. It is also essential to calibrate the camera to correct any lens distortion.Some other features to consider include stability, image format, and time-lapse and interval shooting. Many cameras now come with built in image stabilization, which will aid in capturing crisp, highly detailed images, and most digital cameras also support common file formats such as jpeg, which is supported by most photogrammetry software. Time-lapse capabilities also simplify the process and ensure consistent image capture.<h3>Maximizing Precision in Reconstruction with Image Overlap</h3>To achieve accurate and detailed 3D models in photogrammetry, image overlap is a critical factor in the process. It is essential to capture a significant number of images with overlap for precise reconstruction. The overlap is useful for matching features and establishing correlations to allow the photogrammetry software to stitch the images together and create an accurate 3D model.An overlap of anywhere from 50% up to 80% is generally recommended for best results of feature detection and matching, to improve the accuracy of the reconstruction. You’ll also want to keep in mind both side-to-side and back-to-front overlaps to help accurately align and triangulate features, and ensure optimal coverage of the subject from multiple angles. The more information you provide, the more accurate the reconstruction will be.Varying camera orientations and multiple passes are also incredibly useful for providing additional coverage and overlap, leading to more precise reconstructions. Additionally, you’ll want to minimize occlusions or obstructions which can prevent accurate feature matching and hinder the reconstruction process. If occlusions are unavoidable, capturing additional images from different viewpoints or angles can help compensate for the missing information.</section><section><h2>Utilizing Deep Trekker ROVs for Photogrammetry</h2>Deep Trekker offers portable, intuitive, and affordable underwater drones, with enhanced 4K cameras, powerful LED floodlights, and unmatched stability, making them perfect for photogrammetry projects.</section><section><h3>Customer-Driven Innovation</h3>At Deep Trekker, we are dedicated to designing industry-leading ROVs that excel in diverse underwater tasks. Listening to customers and continuously improving our ROVs to meet their specific needs is how we learn and grow.Our team of innovators, creators, expert engineers, technologists, and underwater enthusiasts understand the value of customer feedback and use it to drive our product development, ensuring that our ROVs are engineered to meet the many demands of real-world applications.<h3>Unmatched Support and Expertise</h3>You get more than an industry-leading ROV when you choose Deep Trekker - you also gain access to our experienced, best-in-class senior robotics team members. Just an email or phone call away, our team is ready to provide guidance, answer questions, and offer technical support whenever you need it.We believe in being a partner to our customers, providing more than a premium quality product, but also the expertise, ideas, and vision necessary to succeed in your underwater operations.<h3>Expert Guidance for Your Projects</h3>Our team of industry professionals is <a href="https://www.deeptrekker.com/contact-us" target="_blank" rel="noopener">always available to offer expert guidance</a> and address any questions you may have regarding the integration of submersible robots into your next project.When you are ready to acquire your own Deep Trekker vehicle, reach out to us for a <a href="https://www.deeptrekker.com/request-quote" target="_blank" rel="noopener">customized quote</a> tailored to your requirements.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708454143712-Group+Glamor+Shot+2.jpg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"> </section>

ROV photogrammetry - 3D model of canoe underwater.

Discover how to find the best footage for your photogrammetry projects to create 3D models with unparalleled accuracy. 

Photogrammetry 101: Getting Started With 3D Modeling

Our non-destructive surface evaluation solution for the pipeline industry has received valuable feedback since its launch last year. The suggestions for improvement include increasing the scanning capacity of our scanners and making our analysis algorithms more versatile for the geometries that our software supports.Creaform has been attentively listening to the feedback and requests for improvement from its valued customers. We also have noticed a persistent trend in the requests. It has become clear that the limited alternatives available in the market for this type of assessment, particularly for large components and curved surfaces, have been the primary reason for these demands.<h2 id="isPasted">Pit Gauge Challenges for Large and Corroded Structures</h2>The pit gauge is the preferred method for evaluating corrosion on large components due to its affordability and widespread availability in most industries. However, this technique has significant limitations.Operators using the pit gauge may struggle to measure irregularly shaped pits or those with complex geometries accurately. The tool is typically designed for relatively simple, cylindrical pits and may not provide accurate readings for more intricate corrosion patterns. Additionally, the reliability of measurements is contingent on the skill and experience of the operator. Interpreting pit gauge readings requires a certain level of expertise, and variations in technique among different operators may lead to measurement inconsistency. Finally, while pit gauges are effective for localized measurements, they may not be suitable for assessing overall corrosion across large surfaces. Indeed, on a large structure, it can be challenging and time-consuming for operators to probe all surfaces and report all indications using the pit gauge.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708009286416-area-with-severe-corrosion-pitting-1536x1024.jpeg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Zoom on an area with severe corrosion and pitting that is usually very challenging to inspect and for which asset owners have difficulties trusting the results.<h2 id="isPasted">Long-Range 3D Scanner Challenges for Large and Corroded Structures</h2>Long-range 3D scanners are gaining popularity with the democratization of Industry 4.0 and the widespread use of digital twins. Their use has increased over the past decade in various industrial applications, including the digitization of factories and critical infrastructures. These scanners are sometimes used to assess mechanical damages, such as dents in storage tanks or other large assets.However, they are not typically used for corrosion assessment due to their limited resolution. This lack of precision makes detecting minor irregularities or mild corrosion challenging, as long-range scanners may not capture fine details with sufficient resolution.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708009308397-handyscan-black-ndt-solutions-refinery-Valve.webp" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">NDT technician holding a metrology-grade 3D scanner and inspecting the corrosion on a corroded valve.<h2 id="isPasted">Why Are Metrology-grade 3D Scanners a Good Alternative to Those Solutions?</h2>Ten years ago, Creaform revolutionized the pipeline industry by introducing 3D scanning technology. Nowadays, any specialized pipeline inspection service company must possess Creaform’s 3D scanner pipeline inspection solution to secure a service contract.Compared to traditional techniques, the benefits of 3D scanning for corrosion inspection are significant. Metrology-grade 3D scanners are not only faster and more precise, but they also eliminate acquisition and reporting errors. With 3D scanning technology, generating reports on-site is now possible, which helps to make the right maintenance decision as quickly as possible with the most accurate data.Moreover, this type of inspection creates a digital clone of the inspected asset, allowing the inspection to be revisited with the highest degree of precision and even track the progression of damages over time.<h2>3D Scanning vs Manuel Techniques on Curved Surfaces</h2><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/YwqbxKIiaaE?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe><h2 id="isPasted">New 3D Scanner Designed for Large Parts</h2>Creaform, continually recognized as a leading provider of 3D damage assessment solutions in the pipeline industry, is proud to announce the launch of a new metrology-grade 3D scanner for large parts. The HandySCAN 3D|MAX Series, combined with VXintegrity software, will transform the process of conducting damage assessments on large parts.With the new 3D scanner, mechanical damage assessments of large-dimension assets, such as those with API 650, API 570, and API 510, now take only a fraction of the expected inspection time.The MAX Series can digitize entire structures with a precision of 75µm, ensuring that the maximum thickness loss is captured. Once the surface is digitized, specialized software analyzes mechanical damages, such as corrosion or dents, without the need for CAD. The dimensions of all damaged areas are then automatically exported and documented.Furthermore, if a more precise corrosion rate is required for the next inspection, it is possible to compare two damaged areas very precisely and observe any changes compared to the previous inspection.<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/pun5th75ef_wp/wp-content/uploads/handyscan-max-ndt-solutions-refinery-Storage-tank-3-LR.jpg" target="_blank"> </a><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1708009348106-handyscan-max-ndt-solutions-refinery-Storage-tank-3-LR-1536x1024.webp" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">NDT technician holding the HandySCAN MAX and inspecting corrosion under insulation at the bottom of a reservoir.<h2 id="isPasted">Right Equipment for Better Decisions Based on Accurate Data</h2>Evaluating corrosion on large surfaces can be time-consuming and error-prone, and reporting these big areas can get messy and inaccurate. Therefore, service companies may benefit from better equipment to counter these challenges. The new HandySCAN 3D|MAX Series makes it easier to communicate the indications while ensuring 100% inspection coverage and eliminating human error on the data. As a result, service companies can increase their productivity by making better decisions based on accurate data they can now fully trust.

NDT technician holding a metrology-grade 3D scanner and inspecting the corrosion on a corroded valve.

Creaform's non-destructive surface evaluation solution for the pipeline industry has received valuable feedback since its launch last year.

3D Scanning vs Manual Techniques: A Comparison of Their Effectiveness in Evaluating Large and Curved Surfaces

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3d scanning

Point clouds are an important concept in 3D scanning and <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/how-to-make-a-3d-model-for-printing" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">3D modeling</a>. Sometimes consisting of tens of millions of individual data points, point clouds can represent anything from a tiny piece of jewelry to an entire football stadium.So what exactly are point clouds? Where do they come from and how are they used? This article goes over the essential facts, looking at the basics of 3D scanning, point cloud formats, and point cloud software.<h1 dir="ltr">What is 3D scanning?</h1>Before we get into the nitty gritty of point clouds, we should take a moment to familiarize ourselves with 3D scanning.3D scanning is the process of taking a physical, real-world object — an industrial part, a piece of pottery, a human being… you name it — and collecting data about its 3D shape in order to create a digital 3D model of it.There are a few variations on the 3D scanning process, all of which use slightly different methods to collect data about an object’s shape. Some of the most common 3D scanning technologies include:<ul><li dir="ltr">Laser scanning: A laser is shined at the object, and a sensor measures the distance between the light source and the surface of the object, either by timing how long it takes for the light to return (“time of flight” or Lidar) or by triangulation.</li><li dir="ltr">Structured light scanning: Patterned lines of light are projected onto the object, and cameras are used to analyze how the lines deform over the surface of the object. These deformations indicate the shape of the object.</li><li dir="ltr">Photogrammetry: Photographs are taken of the object from many different angles, and software stitches these images together to figure out the 3D shape of the object.</li></ul>The use cases for 3D scanning are nearly endless. In various industrial disciplines, scanners can be used for reverse engineering: a part can be scanned, turned into a digital 3D model, then reproduced in physical form. Other applications include surveying (in areas like construction and civil engineering) using photogrammetry, building information modeling (BIM), crime scene analysis using handheld 3D laser scanners, capture of real-world objects for animation and video games, and scanning body parts in medicine and dentistry.3D scanning is also widely used in tandem with digital manufacturing techniques like 3D printing and CNC machining, as scan data can be converted into a CAD model or into a mesh format such as STL, which can then be turned into <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/your-guide-to-3d-printing-g-code" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">machine-readable G-code</a>.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjY3OTgwMDkxMjQ5LTNkX3NjYW5uZXIuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="structured light">Structured light scanning for reverse engineering<h1 dir="ltr">What is a point cloud?</h1>A point cloud is the immediate digital output of the 3D scanning process. When you use a 3D scanner to capture the shape of a physical object, the resulting file format is a point cloud.In short, a point cloud is a collection of spatial data points, with each individual point representing a tiny spot on the surface of the scanned object (collected using one of the technologies described above). The point is expressed as a set of X, Y, Z coordinates. Because there are so many of these individual data points, the point cloud as a whole can be used to understand the 3D shape of the scanned object.However, not all point clouds are equal: more data points and a higher-density point cloud means more detail, whereas a point cloud with just a few data points will only give an approximate representation of the real-world object. That being said, high-density point clouds require more computer memory and processing power.So how many individual points does a 3D point cloud contain? This varies by the size of the scanned object and the chosen resolution of the scan, but the number is typically in the millions. This makes the processing of point cloud data fairly CPU-intensive.Depending on the scanning technology, a data point in a point cloud may also contain RGB color (and brightness) information.<h1 dir="ltr">Point cloud file formats</h1>There are a few different file formats for point clouds, which can make the handling of the raw data confusing. However, most formats fall into two categories, and many are similar to one another and therefore easy to convert. Some formats are universal, while others are proprietary and have been developed by 3D scanning hardware manufacturers.<h2 dir="ltr">ASCII</h2>The first major type of point cloud format is ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange), which conveys information using text. Each line of text within an ASCII point cloud represents X, Y, Z spatial coordinates.Common ASCII extensions: XYZ, OBJ, ASC, PTX<h2 dir="ltr">Binary</h2>The other major type of point cloud format is binary, which retains all information in binary code. Although binary data is harder to access and interpret, the files themselves are much smaller than ASCII files.Common binary extensions: LAS, PCD, FLS<h1 dir="ltr">Turning a point cloud into a 3D model</h1>Point clouds are a highly effective way of arranging information about the physical world, but they are not particularly useful for further activity once stored on a computer. Although it is possible to use point cloud datasets directly, many users will ultimately convert the point cloud into one of the following file types:<ul><li dir="ltr">CAD model, allowing the 3D scan data to be modified (reverse engineering etc.)</li><li dir="ltr">NURBS surface model, turning the 3D scan data into a digital 3D object with curved surfaces (on-screen visualization, video game rendering etc.)</li><li dir="ltr">Mesh, turning the 3D scan data into a polygon or triangle mesh (3D printing etc.)</li></ul>The process of turning a point cloud into a 3D model is known as surface reconstruction. This is because a point cloud itself does not contain “surfaces,” only a multitude of discrete coordinates.Of course, the conversion of point cloud data into 3D models is not a simple process. Point cloud processing software must use algorithms to figure out how to represent a collection of points as lines or shapes while determining which data points are genuine and which are outliers. The best software uses deep learning to contextualize point clouds and understand what the data is supposed to represent.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjY3OTgwMTU1MzQ1LXBvbHlnb25hbF9tZXNoLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="mesh">A point cloud can be transformed into a polygonal mesh<h1 dir="ltr">Point cloud processing software</h1>Users may need various types of software to create a smooth 3D scanning workflow. However, one of the most important tools is point cloud processing software. This software is used to manually edit point clouds (to remove outlying data points, for example) and render them visually. Different algorithms can be deployed to automatically filter outlying data points.[1]Functions of point cloud processing software may include:<ul><li dir="ltr">Manual editing of the point cloud</li><li dir="ltr">Automatic cleanup and filtering</li><li dir="ltr">Offloading tasks to the cloud</li><li dir="ltr">Rendering</li><li dir="ltr">Point distance calculation</li><li dir="ltr">Registration</li><li dir="ltr">Conversion to mesh</li><li dir="ltr">Conversation to NURBS</li></ul>Popular point cloud processing software includes CloudCompare (free and open source), Point Cloud Library (free and open source), Leica Cyclone, Faro Scene, Autodesk Recap, and Trimble RealWorks.<h3 dir="ltr">Point cloud registration</h3>For 3D scanning applications like product quality control and <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/3d-scanning-for-inspection-are-3d-scanners-a-smart-choice" target="_blank">inspection</a>, it may be necessary to perform a process known as point cloud registration, otherwise known as point-set registration or scan matching. The process also has numerous uses in computer vision applications.[2]This is when a point cloud is aligned with another point cloud (or a 3D model) that represents the same physical object. Registration serves a few different purposes, including the merging of two or more data points from separate scans to create a more accurate data set (when using two different scanning technologies to capture a single object, for example), and the comparison of one cloud with another in order to note any discrepancies.&nbsp;One application of point cloud registration is in quality control, where a point cloud obtained from a 3D scan of a manufactured part can be compared with a point cloud from the original CAD model for the part. This can show whether the manufactured part is faithful to the CAD model, or whether the manufacturing process has produced defects.<h1 dir="ltr">Making point clouds 3D printable</h1>3D scanning can be used in combination with 3D printing. This combination is useful for applications like fabricating spare and replacement parts: a 3D scanner can be used to capture a physical part; a 3D model can then be created (and modified) before being 3D printed, resulting in a duplicate of the original part.To make point cloud data 3D printable, it needs to be converted into a triangle mesh using mesh processing software such as MeshLab (free and open source). Such software can fix holes in the point cloud and turn it into a format such as STL, the standard format for additive manufacturing.Unlike a point cloud, an STL file describes the surface geometry of a 3D object through interconnected triangles. Such a file can be “sliced” by 3D printer slicing software to turn it into G-code, which instructs the 3D printer how to make the part.Recommended reading: <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/creating-spare-parts-with-3d-scanning-and-3d-printing" target="_blank">Creating Spare Parts with 3D Scanning and 3D Printing</a><h1 dir="ltr">Key takeaways</h1>All 3D scanning technologies produce point clouds. Whether you use a handheld 3D laser scanner, a desktop structured light scanner, or a photogrammetry setup with digital cameras, the digital output of your scans will be a point cloud.Processing the point cloud is not always straightforward, as dense clouds can be very large and CPU-intensive. However, there are good software options, including those packaged with 3D scanning hardware, as well as free applications like CloudCompare. Additionally, most users will need to perform surface reconstruction on their point cloud in order to create a 3D model that isn’t simply a collection of spatial data points.Once you have become familiar with point clouds and how to handle them, the applications are diverse, from 3D city mapping to animation to 3D printing.<h1 dir="ltr">References</h1>[1] Han XF, Jin JS, Wang MJ, Jiang W, Gao L, Xiao L. A review of algorithms for filtering the 3D point cloud. Signal Processing: Image Communication. 2017 Sep 1;57:103-12.[2] Huang X, Mei G, Zhang J, Abbas R. A comprehensive survey on point cloud registration. arXiv preprint arXiv:2103.02690. 2021 Mar 3.

3D scanners produce point clouds of varying densities

Beginners might be surprised to find that their 3D scans turn out not as solid 3D models, but as clusters of spatial data points. So what exactly is a point cloud, and what can you do with it?

Point clouds explained: scanning, processing, 3D models

3D Scanning

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