The Road to Sustainable Mobility in the Netherlands and Europe

We are pleased to introduce the latest edition of the RAI Automotive Industry NL report, which provides an in-depth exploration of the Dutch automotive sector's transformative trajectory. This sector, situated at the nexus of rapid technological advancements and pressing global challenges, exemplifies a model of innovation, sustainability, and resilience in a highly competitive international landscape.

This issue covers core themes: smart and green mobility, sustainable manufacturing, human capital development, design and materials, and internationalization. Each of these pillars underscores the industry's commitment to integrating advanced technologies into mobility solutions, driving the future of transportation with a focus on efficiency, safety, and sustainability.

Below you can read an excerpt of one of the featured articles. Or download the full report for free here. 

  

As the world grapples with climate change and environmental degradation, the Dutch automotive industry is pioneering efforts in sustainable mobility. Through innovative technologies, strategic collaborations, and a strong focus on reducing emissions, The Netherlands is setting new standards for climate-neutral transportation. 

Central to this mission is RAI Automotive Industry NL, which plays a crucial role in fostering industry collaboration, innovation, and sustainable practices. This article explores the current landscape, advancements, and future directions in sustainable mobility within the Dutch automotive sector.

The Urgent Need for Sustainable Mobility 

The automotive industry faces significant challenges to achieve climate-neutral mobility by 2050. To enhance battery performance and longevity, researchers are exploring new materials and innovative designs. Solid-state batteries, for example, promise higher energy densities and improved safety compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. These advancements could significantly extend the driving range and reduce charging times, further encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles. 

In addition to vehicle energy systems, the reuse of batteries for electric storage and hydrogen storage using molecular techniques is being explored. Second-life applications for EV batteries include their use in stationary energy storage systems, which can help balance grid demand and store renewable energy. This approach not only maximizes the utility of batteries but also reduces waste and supports the circular economy.

The continuous improvement of battery technology and the expansion of charging infrastructure are critical components in the transition to a sustainable and efficient mobility system. By addressing the challenges of range, charging convenience, and battery reuse, the Dutch automotive industry is paving the way for a greener future in transportation.

The transition to sustainable mobility requires support from the energy sector, particularly through the availability of renewable energy carriers. The industry recognizes that there is no single path to achieving these goals. Instead, a combination of renewable electricity, renewable hydrogen, and e-fuels (power-to-X) is considered essential for meeting future decarbonization targets cost-effectively.

Energy Carriers for Sustainable Mobility 

As the Dutch automotive industry strives to achieve climate-neutral mobility, the focus has shifted towards identifying and utilizing the most effective energy carriers. The integration of these carriers is essential to meet the ambitious emission reduction targets and support the development of a robust and sustainable transportation ecosystem. Today, three primary energy carriers are central to the Dutch automotive industry’s sustainable mobility strategy:

1. Renewable Electricity: This is the most promising energy carrier for two-wheelers, light electric vehicles (LEVs), and passenger cars. Battery electric vehicles (BEVs) are increasingly prevalent, driven by advancements in battery technology that enhance range and efficiency. In urban distribution and smaller trucks and buses, BEVs offer significant environmental benefits by reducing local emissions. Fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) are also expected to play a significant role, particularly in areas where longer ranges and quicker refueling are required. The infrastructure for renewable electricity, including charging stations, is rapidly expanding to support the growing number of electric vehicles on the road.

2. Renewable Hydrogen: Hydrogen fuel cells and/or hydrogen engines are critical for applications where batteries are less practical, such as long-haul transport and heavy-duty trucks. Hydrogen offers a high energy density and quick refueling times, making it suitable for vehicles that require long-range capabilities and minimal downtime. Hydrogen internal combustion engines (H2ICE), in particular, provide a viable solution for these sectors, offering the necessary power and range while producing minimal emissions at the point of use with a competitive TCO. “Hydrogen combustion engines are essential for decarbonizing heavy-duty transport, particularly where battery solutions may not be sufficient,” says Angelique Berden, Marketing Director at Westport Fuel Systems, an alternative fuel technology provider. “The ability to leverage new or existing internal combustion engine infrastructure while drastically reducing emissions offers a fast and practical pathway to decarbonization.” The development of hydrogen infrastructure, including production and refueling stations, is essential to support the widespread adoption of hydrogen-powered vehicles.

3. E-fuels (Power-to-X): These synthetic fuels, produced using renewable energy, are essential for specific use cases where electrification or hydrogen is not feasible. E-fuels can be used in existing internal combustion engines with minimal modifications, providing a practical solution for reducing emissions from the current vehicle fleet. They offer the flexibility of being compatible with existing fuel distribution infrastructure, making them a valuable component in the transition to sustainable mobility. E-fuels are particularly beneficial for applications such as aviation and maritime transport, where electrification poses significant technical challenges.

Battery Technology and Infrastructure 

Advancements in battery technology are crucial to supporting the widespread adoption of electric vehicles. Current developments focus on extending the range of batteries to cover distances of 300 to 800 kilometers, making electric vehicles more practical for a broader range of applications, from daily commuting to long-haul transportation.

To enhance battery performance and longevity, researchers are exploring new materials and innovative designs. Solid-state batteries, for example, promise higher energy densities and improved safety compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. These advancements could significantly extend the driving range and reduce charging times, further encouraging the adoption of electric vehicles.

Jeroen Bleker, Co-founder of off-highway equipment battery solutions company Eleo, indicates his company is putting high efforts in maximizing the useful life of batteries through, for example, thermal innovations, before second use and recycling methods are applied.

“Next to an optimized lifetime,” Bleker adds, “it is critical to consider in design and logistic processes how batteries, after a potential second use case, through recycling finally get their valuable materials recirculated within the industry. This is vital for building a truly sustainable energy ecosystem that supports the rapid electrification of transportation and construction.” 

In addition to vehicle energy systems, the reuse of batteries for electric storage and hydrogen storage using molecular techniques is being explored. Second-life applications for EV batteries include their use in stationary energy storage systems, which can help balance grid demand and store renewable energy. This approach not only maximizes the utility of batteries but also reduces waste and supports the circular economy.

The continuous improvement of battery technology and the expansion of charging infrastructure are critical components in the transition to a sustainable and efficient mobility system. By addressing the challenges of range, charging convenience, and battery reuse, the Dutch automotive industry is paving the way for a greener future in transportation.

RAI Automotive Industry NL’s Role in Promoting Sustainable Mobility 

RAI Automotive Industry NL supports its members through various initiatives, including technology workshops, information sharing, and facilitating international cooperation. By connecting industry stakeholders, knowledge institutions, and government agencies, the association helps advance the innovative and economic position of the Dutch automotive industry.

Key projects under RAI Automotive Industry NL’s sustainable mobility initiatives include: 

• Green Transport Delta – Hydrogen: This project focuses on developing hydrogen as a viable energy carrier for the transportation sector. It includes research and development of hydrogen production, storage, and utilization technologies.

• Green Transport Delta – Electrification: This initiative aims to enhance the electrification of the transportation sector, focusing on improving battery technologies and expanding the electric vehicle infrastructure. 

• Battery Competence Cluster – NL: This project is dedicated to advancing battery technology, which is crucial for the future of electric vehicles. It involves research into new battery materials, manufacturing processes, and recycling methods.

Collaborative Efforts In Europe 

A notable aspect of the Dutch approach to sustainable mobility is its collaboration with leading automotive countries in Europe, such as Germany, France, and Sweden. The Sustainable Mobility Cooperation project between The Netherlands and Germany, for example, aims to modernize and make the mobility infrastructure of both countries more sustainable. This bilateral initiative facilitates the exchange of views and experiences at the European level, fostering cross-border solutions and business developments in the mobility sector. By working together, both nations aim to leverage their strengths and address common challenges in the transition to sustainable mobility.

The Public-Private-Partnership (PPP) programs, initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Foreign Affairs in collaboration with the Ministries of Economic Affairs and Infrastructure and Water Management, underscore such cooperations with other European countries. These aim to transition the mobility system through close partnerships with clusters and private stakeholders from both countries. Similarly, The Netherlands also has a partnership with the United States, particularly the Michigan region of the US. Such a partnership is essential for driving innovation and ensuring that new technologies and practices are implemented effectively in all participating countries.

Essentially, one key objective of the European cooperations is to develop and implement cross-border mobility solutions that can be scaled up across Europe. This includes integrating charging infrastructure for electric vehicles, developing hydrogen refueling stations, and deploying smart mobility solutions that enhance connectivity and efficiency. By sharing knowledge and best practices, The Netherlands and its European counterparts aim to create a seamless and sustainable mobility network that benefits the entire region.

An important aspect of the collaborations is the focus on research and development. Joint R&D projects are being undertaken to explore new technologies and innovative solutions that can address the specific mobility needs of the countries. These projects often involve universities, research institutions, and private companies working together to push the boundaries of what is possible in sustainable mobility. 

In addition to technological collaboration, the partnership also focuses on developing policies and regulatory frameworks that support sustainable mobility. By aligning their legislative efforts, the partnering countries can create a more conducive environment for the adoption of new technologies and practices. This harmonization of policies is crucial for ensuring that cross-border mobility solutions are feasible and effective.

Challenges and Opportunities for Sustainable Mobility 

Despite significant progress, the Dutch automotive industry faces several challenges in achieving sustainable mobility. One of the primary obstacles is the availability and cost of renewable energy carriers. Ensuring a stable and affordable supply of renewable electricity, hydrogen, and e-fuels is critical to the industry’s success. This requires substantial investment in renewable energy production and distribution infrastructure, which can be both costly and time-consuming.

Another major challenge is the development and deployment of charging and refuelling infrastructure. As the number of electric and hydrogen vehicles continues to grow, there is an increasing need for a comprehensive network of charging and refuelling stations. Public and private sector investments are essential to build this infrastructure. However, coordinating these investments and ensuring they are distributed evenly across urban and rural areas can be complex.

“Raw materials are scarce, and it takes a lot of energy to extract them,” explains Freek de Bruijn, program manager of design and materials at RAI Automotive Industry NL. This scarcity highlights the need for efficient recycling and reuse of materials to minimize environmental impact and reduce dependency on finite resources. Initiatives focused on retracting materials from existing vehicles are crucial in addressing this challenge and promoting a circular economy. 

Despite these challenges, there are significant opportunities for growth and innovation in sustainable mobility. The advancement of battery technology, for instance, opens new possibilities for electric vehicles, making them more efficient and accessible. Improvements in battery range and charging times can drive wider adoption of electric vehicles, reducing emissions and reliance on fossil fuels. 

Hydrogen technology also presents promising opportunities, particularly for heavy-duty and long-haul transport. Hydrogen fuel cells offer a high energy density and quick refuelling times, making them suitable for applications where batteries are less practical. Continued research and development in hydrogen production and storage can further enhance its viability as a clean energy carrier.

Future Directions 

The future of sustainable mobility in the Dutch automotive industry lies in continuous innovation and collaboration, driven by a shared commitment to environmental stewardship and technological advancement. As global pressures to reduce emissions intensify, the industry is poised to play a pivotal role in creating a greener, more efficient transportation system. Key areas of focus include:

• Advancing Battery Technology: Research into new materials, manufacturing processes, and recycling methods will enhance battery performance and sustainability. The Battery Competence Cluster - NL is at the forefront of these efforts, building a better battery ecosystem. 

• Hydrogen Development: Projects like Green Transport Delta – Hydrogen are critical for establishing hydrogen as a mainstream energy carrier. This includes improving hydrogen production, storage, and distribution technologies.

• E-fuels: Developing and deploying e-fuels will provide a flexible and sustainable energy source for applications where electrification or hydrogen is not feasible.

• Infrastructure Expansion: Building a robust network of charging and refueling stations is essential to support the growing number of electric and hydrogen vehicles. Public-private partnerships will play a crucial role in this effort.

• Policy and Regulation: Strong governmental support and clear policy frameworks are necessary to drive the adoption of sustainable mobility technologies. This includes incentives for renewable energy use, infrastructure development, and vehicle adoption.

The Dutch automotive industry is at the forefront of the global transition to sustainable mobility. Through innovative projects, strategic collaborations, and a strong commitment to reducing emissions, The Netherlands is setting new benchmarks for climate-neutral transportation. RAI Automotive Industry NL plays a pivotal role in this journey, fostering industry collaboration and supporting technological advancements. As the industry continues to evolve, the Dutch automotive sector is poised to lead the way towards a sustainable and efficient future in mobility.

Learn more about the work of the RAI Automotive Industry NL's members by downloading the full report below.