The scaled city, located in the basement of Hollister Hall, seeks to improve the performance of emerging mobility systems, such as connected and automated vehicles, by enabling small motorized cars to interact with their environment as well as other vehicles, some of which are piloted remotely by humans. Credit: Noël Heaney/Cornell University

A 20-by-20-foot “smart” city shrunk to 1:25 scale and its fleet of custom-built cars, drones, cameras and virtual reality technology are helping researchers design a better – and safer – future for transportation. 

Mini smart city drives design of safer automated transportation

In a world where automation dominates the manufacturing sector, one question persists: why aren't robots omnipresent in our daily lives? The answer lies in the intricate challenges of bridging the gap between humans and machines. While robots thrive in structured environments, the unpredictability and complexity of human behavior pose significant hurdles to seamless integration.&nbsp;In Robotican's recent work, we have developed a new way for humans to interact with service robots. A person is talking to a robot and command it to perform series of tasks a spoken language. Such a command can be: "Go forward up until the end of the hallway, enter the room in front of you, ask the doctor to give you the examination files, and come back here". The robot uses a Speech-To-Text engine, to write the command in text, then it applies a specially trained LLM (Large Language Model) to divide the command into sub-tasks. In our example the sub-tasks will be: "move forward, enter the room, ask the doctor, go back".&nbsp; The robot start performing the sub-tasks according to the required order. &nbsp;While moving the robot uses it cameras to "see" the environment in front of it. The frame from this camera goes into an LVM (Large Visual Model) which receives a photo and output text. When the way is clear this LVM will output "move forward", and an action will be: send the robot a navigation way point 10 meters ahead". When say, in our example, a group of people are standing in front of the robot blocking the way. Then the LVM will output "People are blocking the way", and the action will be "ask them to let me pass through". &nbsp;Then a Text-To-Speech engine will say "Excuse me, I'm a robot with an important task. May I please pass through? Thank you.” Then the robot pass and continues its task. This process is repeated until the robot complete its task, or is unable to do it. <img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1731928237835-%D7%AA%D7%9E%D7%95%D7%A0%D7%94+2+%D7%9C%D7%9E%D7%90%D7%9E%D7%A8+2+%D7%95%D7%95%D7%99%D7%91%D7%95%D7%9C%D7%91%D7%A8.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">"The answer lies in the intricate challenges of bridging the gap between humans and machines" This is a unique approach of combining TTS, STT, LLM and LVM to allow robot interact with human, and human interact with a robot in a spoken language, while understanding tasks, seeing and understanding the environment around it, and asking people to help the robot conducting its task successfully. Enter Robotican, a pioneering force at the forefront of autonomous robotics, spearheading the charge to revolutionize Human-Robot Interfaces. As a key player in the Israel Innovation Authority's groundbreaking consortium, Robotican harnesses its extensive expertise and recent advancement in AI and Deep Learning to develop innovative solutions that allows robots to navigate amongst people while interacting with them similarly to the way other peoples do.&nbsp;Championing the quest to teach robots to navigate unstructured environments effortlessly, Robotican embarks on a transformative journey empowered by cutting-edge Large Language and Vision Models (LLM &amp; LVM). Leveraging the revolutionary capabilities of these models, Robotican engineers have unlocked the potential to communicate with robots in a language they understand.&nbsp;Omri Eitan, Robotican's AI expert, sheds light on this groundbreaking advancement, stating, "The transformative power of the latest Language Model technology has ushered in a new era of complexity in decision-making and deep contextual reasoning. Tasks once deemed intensive engineering endeavors now undergo fine-tuning, and interactions once artificial now feel natural." &nbsp; With Robotican's innovative approach, robots decode textual or verbal instructions, process visual data using LVM to navigate crowded environments, and seamlessly engage in dialogue with individuals, courtesy of LLM. This paradigm shift not only enhances precision in task execution but also fosters meaningful human-like interactions, paving the way for unprecedented advancements in automation and artificial intelligence.&nbsp;Witness the dawn of a new era as Robotican redefines the landscape of human-robot interaction, propelling automation into realms previously deemed unimaginable. Join us as we embark on this transformative journey, shaping a future where robots seamlessly integrate into every facet of our lives. #RoboticanRevolution #HumanRobotInteraction #AIInnovation #AutomationAdvancements

Ghostrobotics V60 with Robotican's ARK (autonomous robotic kit)  

Pioneering AI-Driven Collaboration: Transforming Social Navigation into daily routine

Unveiling the Future: Human-Robot Interaction Revolutionizes Social Navigation Using AI and Deep Learning

Imagine being a passenger in a self-driving car as the vehicle starts veering off the road. It’s not a faulty sensor causing the dangerous situation — it’s a cyberattack. Hackers can access the deep learning (DL) neural networks at the heart of the vehicle’s computer system, compromising the safety of its passengers, as well as other drivers and pedestrians.&nbsp;Stopping such cyberattacks requires understanding them first, but this can be challenging. Finding a computing system’s exact deep neural network has many roadblocks. They are often proprietary and, therefore, inaccessible to investigators without considerable legal intervention. Another common problem is that they are updated frequently, making it difficult for investigating researchers to access the most current network iteration. But a new tool from Georgia Tech could unlock the mysterious malware on myriad neural networks in everything from self-driving cars to the IMDB entertainment database. AI Psychiatry (AiP) is a postmortem cybersecurity forensic tool that uses artificial intelligence to recover the exact models a compromised machine runs on and discover where the fatal error occurred.“We trust self-driving cars with our lives and ChatGPT with our careers, but when those systems fail, how are we going to investigate them?” said <a href="https://saltaformaggio.ece.gatech.edu/">Brendan Saltaformaggio</a>, an associate professor with joint appointments in the School of <a href="https://scp.cc.gatech.edu/">&nbsp;Cybersecurity and Privacy</a> and the School of <a href="https://www.ece.gatech.edu/">Electrical and Computer Engineering</a> (ECE).AiP can recover the original DL model on both the local network’s memory and the graphics processing unit that trains the network. It can accomplish this without any specific knowledge of the model’s framework, platform, or version. Instead, it recreates the model using what&nbsp;<a>Saltaformaggio</a> refers to as “clues,” or common components in all neural networks. These include weights, biases, shapes, and layers from the model’s memory image — a frozen set of the bits and bytes operating when the model is running normally. The memory image is crucial because it enables AiP to compare it with the model post-attack.“These models often refine their information as they go, based on their current environment, so an attack might happen as a result of an attacker poisoning the information a particular model is learning,” said David Oygenblik, an ECE Ph.D. student. “We determined that a memory image would capture all those changes that occur during a runtime.”\Once the model is recovered, AiP can run it on another device, letting investigators test it thoroughly to determine where the flaws lie. AiP has been tested with different versions of both popular machine learning frameworks (TensorFlow and PyTorch) and datasets (CIFAR-10, LISA, and IMDB). It successfully recovered and rehosted 30 models with 100% accuracy.&nbsp;“Before our research, you couldn't go to the cyber ‘crime scene’ and find clues because there was no technique available to do that,” Saltaformaggio said. “That's what we are pioneering in the cyber forensics lab right now — techniques to get that evidence out of a crime scene.”Tools like AiP will allow cyber investigators to see the whole picture immediately. Solving cybercrimes can help prevent future ones, from safeguarding a user’s data to keeping a car on the road.&nbsp;

New tool AI Psychiatry recovers compromised deep-learning models so researchers can understand what went wrong.

The Sherlock Holmes of AI

Cornell engineers have come up with a solution to a tricky problem: where to install charging stations for electric vehicles so they’re convenient for drivers and profitable for investors.Without abundant and well-placed charging stations, consumers will purchase fewer electric vehicles. Without enough electric vehicle owners, publicly available charging stations won’t be profitable; that means there will be fewer of them.“Improving charging-station infrastructure is essentially the chicken-and-the-egg problem,” said co-author&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cee.cornell.edu/faculty-directory/h-oliver-gao">Oliver Gao</a>, the Howard Simpson 1942 Professor of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Cornell Engineering.The research team found that in urban settings, installing an equal mix of two different kinds of stations – one that charges at a medium speed and another that charges more quickly – and distributing them strategically increases the chances that drivers will use them. And that in turn improves the profitability for investors by 50% to 100%, compared to current random placement strategies.The research, “<a href="https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261924013588">Bayesian Optimization for Battery Electric Vehicle Charging Station Placement by Agent-Based Demand Simulation</a>,” published Aug. 9 in Applied Energy.“Placing publicly available charging stations around cities sounds like a simple thing, but mathematically, it’s actually very hard,” said lead author Yeuchen Sophia Liu, Ph.D. ’22, an operations researcher in Gao’s laboratory.That’s because simple models don’t allow for the complexity of thousands of possible driver decisions, Liu said, not to mention factors like traffic and road characteristics.So the team reached back six decades to use Bayesian optimization, a mathematics strategy that uses past attempts at optimization to inform each subsequent attempt. That results in a much faster and productive analysis. It has become popular in machine learning algorithms.“The Bayesian optimization model algorithm allows us to simulate millions of individual behaviors, while at the same time, find answers efficiently and quickly,” Liu said.The team set up an algorithm that used Bayesian optimization to analyze data from the Atlanta region, home to about 6 million people. They studied the behavior of 30,000 vehicles on more than 113,000 simulated trips, forecasting a variety of commuter traffic patterns.The algorithm found an optimal placement using only 2% of the runtime of existing benchmark methods. “This enables the use of the algorithm on a more complex, real-world scale,” Liu said.The team found that medium speed “level-2” commercial charging stations and direct-current, fast-charging “DCFC” stations serve different needs. Drivers who park for 20 minutes – while running into a grocery store, for example – are likely to choose fast charging spots. But if someone is going to work and parking for several hours, the driver will likely select the level-2 station.In addition, a sensitivity analysis demonstrated that factors such as the size of the battery electric vehicle market, charging preferences and charging price have significant impacts on the optimal placement and profitability of an electric vehicle charging infrastructure project.The findings have important implications, Liu said. In the U.S., according to the paper, eight states have adopted California’s Zero Emission Vehicle program mandate to have at least 3.3 million zero-emission light-duty vehicles – replacing carbon combustion engine cars – on the road by 2025.“Economically strategic placement of charging stations could play a pivotal role in accelerating the transition to zero-emission vehicles,” Liu said.In addition to Liu and Gao, co-authors are Mohammad Tayarani, a visiting scientist in Gao’s lab, and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cheme.cornell.edu/faculty-directory/fengqi-you">Fengqi You</a>, the Roxanne E. and Michael J. Zak Professor in Energy Systems Engineering in Cornell Engineering. The work was funded by a grant from the U.S. Department of Transportation.&nbsp;

Cornell engineers have come up with a solution to a tricky problem: where to install charging stations for electric vehicles so they’re convenient for drivers and profitable for investors.

Placement strategy key to getting most out of EV charging stations

Imagine driving a car that can communicate with other vehicles and respond to road conditions in real-time. This innovation is exciting but raises serious questions about safety and security. As vehicles become more connected and reliant on advanced technology, the risk of cyberattacks increases.Cybersecurity is now a major concern for automakers, engineers, and technology experts. To help address these growing concerns, SAE is hosting a two-part course on Automotive Cybersecurity.The course is designed to provide attendees with a comprehensive understanding of automotive cybersecurity fundamentals, best practices, and emerging trends. It will cover topics such as cybersecurity standards and regulations, secure vehicle architecture, risk assessment and management, and incident response and forensics.Level 1What: Automotive Cybersecurity Certification: Level One C2105When: May 5 &amp; 6, 2025, Live Online.How: <a href="https://www.sae.org/learn/content/c2105/">Register attendance here</a>.Level 2What: Automotive Cybersecurity Certification: Level Two C2107When: May 19 &amp; 20, 2025, Live Online.How: <a href="https://www.sae.org/learn/content/c2107/">Register attendance here</a>.&nbsp;<h2 dir="ltr">Overview of the Certification Structure</h2>The course is divided into two levels. Each level will provide valuable insights into automotive cybersecurity.<h3 dir="ltr">Level 1 (May 5-6, 2025)&nbsp;</h3>This session is aimed at participants who want to build a strong foundation in automotive cybersecurity. Participants will learn about the current challenges the automotive industry faces as it becomes more connected.&nbsp;The course provides a deep dive into cybersecurity basics, including industry standards like ISO/SAE 21434 and UNECE WP.29. Attendees will also explore risk management, threat assessments, and security engineering principles. This level is ideal for engineers, managers, and auditors looking to understand the core cybersecurity requirements and how they impact vehicle design and safety.<h3 dir="ltr">Level 2 (May 19-20, 2025)</h3>This advanced session will explore more complex cybersecurity topics. Participants will dive into automotive cybersecurity requirements according to ISO/SAE 21434. Key areas include understanding standards, regulations, and planning strategies for cybersecurity management. Participants will also learn about cybersecurity-conscious culture, handling distributed development, and conducting audits and assessments.&nbsp;Additionally, the session covers post-development activities, such as maintaining cybersecurity throughout the product’s life cycle. Practical aspects like tool management, cybersecurity case development, and validation and testing methods will also be highlighted to ensure the comprehensive protection of automotive systems.This level is perfect for those with prior knowledge or experience in the field looking to expand their expertise.Both levels are designed to provide practical, hands-on knowledge that can be applied directly to real-world automotive systems.<h2 dir="ltr"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1730210147827-cyber2.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"> What Will Be Discussed – Level 1 May 5-6, 2025</h2>The Level 1 session aims to introduce participants to the basic principles of cybersecurity as they apply to the automotive industry. This includes definitions, key risks, and emerging threats that professionals must be aware of.<h3 dir="ltr">Key Sessions Covered</h3>Here is what you will learn at the Automotive Cybersecurity Certification Level One C2105.<h4 dir="ltr">Day 1:</h4><ul><li dir="ltr">Introduction to Cybersecurity in Automotive: The session will start with an overview of the challenges faced by the modern automotive sector due to the increasing automation and networking of vehicles, highlighting the importance of cybersecurity in protecting vehicles from attackers.</li><li dir="ltr">Transformation of Mobility: Exploring how the mobility landscape changes with the rise of connected vehicles and the relevance of automotive cybersecurity in this context.</li><li dir="ltr">Basics of Automotive Cybersecurity: Core goals of automotive cybersecurity, including protection mechanisms, terminologies, and the fundamentals of current cybersecurity strategies.</li><li dir="ltr">Regulatory Landscape: An overview of key global regulations, including upcoming laws, ISO/SAE 21434 standards, and UNECE WP.29, which define the framework for automotive cybersecurity.</li><li dir="ltr">Automotive Cybersecurity Engineering: How the ISO/SAE 21434 standard integrates into engineering practices, providing an understanding of the procedure, terminology, and the relationship between threat assessment and security concepts.</li></ul><h4 dir="ltr">Day 2:</h4><ul><li dir="ltr">Cybersecurity Governance: Analyzing the objectives and requirements for managing cybersecurity in automotive organizations and projects, particularly through the lens of ISO/SAE 21434.</li><li dir="ltr">Lifecycle Cybersecurity: Addressing cybersecurity management throughout the entire vehicle lifecycle—from concept to decommissioning—using practical case studies for illustration.</li><li dir="ltr">Continuous and Distributed Cybersecurity Activities: Participants will explore the ongoing cybersecurity tasks that need to be addressed, even in outsourced or distributed work settings, to maintain compliance and security integrity.</li><li dir="ltr">Practical Exercises and Final Exam: The course will conclude with a summary of key concepts and an exam designed to certify participants with a TÜV SÜD certification upon successful completion.</li></ul>By attending this Level 1 course, participants will understand the challenges and tools available for implementing cybersecurity measures in the evolving automotive world. <img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1730210157702-cyber3.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 dir="ltr">What Will Be Discussed – Level 2 May 19-20, 2025</h2>The Automotive Cybersecurity Level 2 certification (May 19-20, 2025), developed in collaboration with TÜV SÜD, focuses on practical applications and lifecycle management in compliance with ISO/SAE 21434 and other relevant regulations.<h3 dir="ltr">Key Topics Covered</h3>You will learn:&nbsp;<ul><li dir="ltr">Cybersecurity Lifecycle: The role of cybersecurity from product development to post-development, including the implementation and management of cybersecurity processes.</li><li dir="ltr">Standards and Regulations: Participants will explore not only ISO/SAE 21434 but also additional standards such as UN R155 and how these frameworks guide automotive cybersecurity practices.</li><li dir="ltr">Planning and Audits: Detailed guidance on cybersecurity planning, conducting audits and assessments, and ensuring compliance throughout distributed development processes.</li><li dir="ltr">Cybersecurity Case Development: Learn to create and evaluate cybersecurity cases. It is important to justify the security measures taken throughout the product life cycle.</li><li dir="ltr">Post-Development Activities: Managing cybersecurity beyond the development phase, including maintenance, updates, and end-of-life considerations.</li></ul>Participants will leave the session with the tools and methodologies necessary for comprehensive cybersecurity management in the automotive sector and an exam to earn TÜV SÜD certification.<h2 dir="ltr">Benefits of Attending the Certification</h2>Attending the Automotive Cybersecurity certification offers numerous advantages for professionals in the automotive industry. Here are some key benefits:<ul><li dir="ltr">Expert Knowledge and Stay Updated: Gain valuable insights from experienced professionals in the automotive cybersecurity field. Understand the latest standards and regulations in automotive cybersecurity, including ISO/SAE 21434.</li><li dir="ltr">Practical Skills and Certification: Learn real-world techniques that can be applied directly to your work, from secure design to threat management. Upon completion, participants will receive a certificate to enhance their professional credentials.</li><li dir="ltr">Networking: Connect with other professionals in the field to share ideas and solutions. This will help build relationships and share insights with peers facing similar cybersecurity challenges.</li><li dir="ltr">Career Advancement:&nbsp;By earning a certificate of completion, participants can showcase their commitment to professional development and their value to current and potential employers.</li></ul><h2 dir="ltr">Who Should Attend?</h2>This certification is designed for professionals involved in the automotive industry who are looking to deepen their knowledge of cybersecurity. Engineers, product designers, and managers responsible for vehicle safety and cybersecurity will benefit the most.&nbsp;Compliance officers and auditors who need to stay updated on industry standards, like ISO/SAE 21434, will also find it useful. Whether you are new to cybersecurity or have prior experience, this event will help you understand the current threats, regulations, and best practices in automotive cybersecurity.<h2 dir="ltr">Register Your Attendance Now!</h2>The Automotive Cybersecurity certification (Levels 1 &amp; 2) is an important event for anyone involved in the automotive industry. With the increasing number of cyber threats, it is crucial to stay informed and prepared. Attending will give you valuable insights and practical knowledge to help safeguard your vehicles and systems.Register now to secure your spot and be part of the important discussions that will shape the future of vehicle security. Join us in making the automotive industry safer and more secure for everyone!Register now for <a href="https://www.sae.org/learn/content/c2105/">Level 1</a> &amp; <a href="https://www.sae.org/learn/content/c2107/">Level 2</a>!

The Automotive Cybersecurity Certification, organized by SAE International, is a timely event that aims to address these critical issues. The online certification will be held on two separate occasions to accommodate European audiences: Level 1 on May 5 & 6, 2025, and Level 2 on May 19 & 20, 2025.


Automotive Cybersecurity Certification

AI is revolutionizing our ability to train cars to drive safely and to respond to unexpected events. | Shutterstock/Scharfsinn

An authority on autonomous robotic systems talks about the impact of AI on his field here on Earth and growing aspirations for autonomy in space.

The future of autonomous vehicles

For fourth-year student Jonathan Smith, coming to Penn State was a no-brainer. His parents attended Penn State Harrisburg, and he lived in the Berks County area, so he knew early on where he wanted to continue his education.As for his major, though, the path he followed took him by surprise, he said. In his first year at Penn State Berks, he took an engineering class that would shift his priorities — and launch a startup that has given him clear goals for a future in architectural engineering.&nbsp;“At the end of the semester, there was a competition for sustainable energy charging. So my team pitched an idea to put solar panels on the side of a building, and it powered an electric-vehicle charging station,” Smith said. “We didn’t win that competition, but the four of us continued working on the idea as an independent study.”&nbsp;The team went back to the drawing board and focused on research. They started talking to electric vehicle customers through a program focused on customer discovery, Smith said, and the input they collected helped them to rework their ideas for charging ports.&nbsp;“We did a satisfaction survey, and everyone who could charge at home was extremely satisfied,” Smith said. “But in apartment buildings, 60% of people were satisfied, because they're always butting heads with their neighbor for charging stations or they had to charge on their way to work. It’s just a complete headache.”&nbsp;<aside data-testid="quote-inline"><blockquote>“We hope we give people, the business owners and the apartment complex owners, something that’s feasible to install. They see the financial payback, and people can charge the car quickly at home.”- Jonathan Smith,&nbsp;Penn State student, Streamline Charging CEO</blockquote></aside>Current charging stations can cost as much as $8,000 to install, according to Smith, but they have a limited reach. Codes and regulations restrict their charging cables to 25 feet in length, which means they can only service one or two parking spaces each. In buildings like apartment complexes, that limits the number of people and spaces that can use the stations.&nbsp;Smith and his team used their research to create a possible solution: smaller, mounted charging stations, which can slide on a mount to cover as many as five parking spaces. The installation process could be cheaper, he said, and less disruptive for the property.&nbsp;“We hope we give people, the business owners and the apartment complex owners, something that’s feasible to install,” Smith said. “They see the financial payback, and people can charge the car quickly at home. I think would be really cool.”&nbsp;<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1729896046692-24-10-3-originlab-jon-portrait.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Jonathan Smith and his team at Streamline Charging LLC are working to create an electric vehicle charger that provides more flexibility on a smaller budget with support from Penn State. Credit: Patrick Mansell / Penn State.As they’ve reworked the proposal, Smith and his team have found significantly more success. During the spring 2024 semester, they won $5,000 from a competition that will go toward building the first prototype model. The team has grown from the original four-person crew to anywhere from 10-15 people depending on the semester and what they need to accomplish.&nbsp;Their startup, Streamline Charging, also has won about $45,000 in funding from national grants, Smith said. The LLC was <a href="https://www.psu.edu/news/invent-penn-state/story/six-student-startups-compete-30000-incu-competition/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">a finalist in the 2024 Inc.U Competition</a> from Invent Penn State, <a href="https://www.psu.edu/news/berks/story/student-team-developing-ev-charging-stations-receives-awards-and-recognition/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">winning $10,000</a>. It also <a href="https://www.psu.edu/news/berks/story/penn-state-berks-students-receive-student-enterprise-award-funding/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">received additional financial support</a> from the Flemming Creativity, Entrepreneurship, and Economic Development (CEED) Center earlier this year through the Student Enterprise Awards, and were part of the <a href="https://www.psu.edu/news/berks/story/penn-state-berks-student-startup-received-venturewell-e-team-program-grant/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">2023 summer cohort of VentureWell Accelerator E-Team program</a>.&nbsp;Smith serves as CEO for the company, and the experience has opened up options for his future as he starts looking beyond graduation. The financial opportunities through Invent Penn State, alongside <a href="https://www.psu.edu/news/berks/story/berks-student-team-developing-ev-charging-stations-receives-national-recognition/" rel="noreferrer noopener" target="_blank">Happy Valley LaunchBox programs like the Fast Track Accelerator</a>, have been instrumental in the company’s success, he said.&nbsp;“We’ve had so many professors and people to help us and coach us along the way,” Smith said. “I knew we wanted to make this a business, but we had no idea how to do that. Without LaunchBox, without support from Penn State Berks, we never would have been able to get as far as we have. It’s really exciting that Penn State was able to foster that.”&nbsp;Smith said a prototype is set up at Penn State Berks, and the company is working to install the first fully market-ready version in State College to show appreciation for the support they’ve gotten at the University.&nbsp;That support also includes guidance from Berks professor Kathy Hauser, who ran the first engineering course where Smith first started to develop this idea. Hauser has continued to mentor the team through independent study courses, helping them to implement their ideas.&nbsp;The project was a learning experience for the students, Hauser said, showing them how to navigate real-world business needs and hurdles. But it’s also been a chance for her to learn and try new strategies for her classes.&nbsp;“This project started out almost as an experiment,” Hauser said. “It was this weird kind of thing because it wasn't undergraduate research. It was a chance to expand upon a project with first-year students who really don't have engineering backgrounds.”&nbsp;Typically, Hauser works with third- and fourth-year students to form teams for competitions and business concepts. Because these students are in the midst of wrapping up their academic degrees, they don’t have as many opportunities to hone their idea and pitch.&nbsp;“So we wondered if it was possible to put a team of freshman together and let them explore their own projects, then enter competitions as juniors with a developed idea,” Hauser said.&nbsp;Hauser used her entry-level engineering course, EDSGN 100, as a chance to find teams of first-year students and figure out those ideas. During Smith’s time in the class, there was a specific task to address. A sponsor wanted teams to develop a charging station specifically for Penn State Berks.&nbsp;<aside data-testid="quote-inline"><blockquote>“The reality of it is, if you come up with something, Penn State will help you do it right. Penn State can be very supportive.”- Kathy Hauser,&nbsp;professor, Penn State Berks</blockquote></aside>But Hauser said Smith and his team ended up pursuing their own ideas outside those parameters. They looked at the automotive industry and data connected to the rollout of electric vehicles to determine what was working and what wasn’t, with a broader focus than just designing something that would work at their campus. Hauser gave them the space to pursue that, instead.&nbsp;“That was what we then shifted to, very early in the semester,” Hauser said. “I said, ‘The reality of it is, if you come up with something, Penn State will help you do it right. Penn State can be very supportive.’”&nbsp;Hauser has continued to guide Smith and his team through five semesters of developing and refining an idea that excites them — the movable charging station they’re now working to assemble. The team has changed over time as students dropped out or joined up with the project, Hauser said, but the project hasn’t lost steam.&nbsp;“I teach freshmen, predominantly, and I generally only see them that first year. The only ones I really get to know are my advisees,” Hauser said. “It's been entirely different to continue with these students over three years and really get to know them on a much more personal basis. That's been really fun.”&nbsp;The goal, she said, has always been to give Smith and his team the kind of valuable experience that would serve them well in the future. But the success of the Streamline Charging project has been incredible, she said.&nbsp;“If you want to get an internship by your second year, this was a good class to take. That's all I wanted. Anything else that comes out of it is just kind of the icing on the cake,” Hauser said. “But this team has had a lot of icing on their cake.”&nbsp;Hauser has had other cohorts and teams that came together after Smith’s group, but they haven’t been able to propel a project to the same heights — whether because it didn’t align with their majors or because they didn’t have enough time to commit to it. A new group now has potential, and she’s hoping that Smith’s team has created a path that other teams can start to follow to success.&nbsp;“When you see them latch onto what you taught them or get excited about what you're passionate about, you're really proud of those moments,” Hauser said. “This is why I like teaching. It's knowing that you can make a difference and that those things will have a lasting impact.”&nbsp;<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1729896089008-24-10-3-originlab_jon-0001.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Lead Product Engineer Marcelo DeLeon, left, in OriginLabs with Jonathan Smith. The two are working together as Smith's company, Streamline Charging, prepares to install its first electric vehicle charger in State College.&nbsp;Credit: Patrick Mansell / Penn State.Through Hauser’s guidance, Smith said, he’s been able to build his idea into something that might become a long-term plan for himself. He’s also had the chance to connect with other Penn Staters willing to help him along the way.&nbsp;“In architectural engineering, we have a huge alumni network. That's where I met a lot of the people who have talked with us about growing this into something more,” Smith said. “We have so many people that really want to see us succeed.”&nbsp;Penn State also has assisted with patents and licensing, Smith said, offering students a chance for real benefit from the work they do.&nbsp;“Right now, I'm trying to talk to manufacturers to build the final station. We can look to raise more money soon and, when I graduate, I might be able to work on this full time,” Smith said. “Honestly, it's so much fun. I have an opportunity to decide for myself what to do with my career and my ideas.”&nbsp;

Streamline Charging is preparing to install its charging station in State College. CEO and Penn State student Jonathan Smith works on the parts for the chargers in OriginLabs on Burrowes Street, where he can benefit from support from Penn State. Credit: Patrick Mansell / Penn State.

Penn State student Jonathan Smith works with team to create potential solutions for accessible EV charging

Building a flexible and affordable electric-vehicle charging station

<h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Introduction</h2>In modern automotive engineering, Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistors (MOSFETs) are fundamental components that enhance the performance, efficiency, and safety of vehicle electronics. Serving as key components in power management systems, motor controls, safety mechanisms, and various other vehicle subsystems, the reliability and performance of MOSFETs significantly impact the efficiency, safety, and overall driving experience of both electric vehicles (EVs) and internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. Consequently, the quality of MOSFETs is a non-negotiable aspect.This article provides a detailed look at high-performance MOSFETs tailored for automotive applications, focusing on their essential functions, performance metrics, and rigorous quality standards. Additionally, it examines Nexperia's contributions to the evolution of the technology, highlighting real-world applications and discussing the trends currently shaping the industry.<h2 dir="ltr">Understanding Automotive MOSFETs</h2>MOSFETs are pivotal components in the architecture of modern automotive electronics. Their ability to efficiently switch and amplify power makes them a critical component across various systems within vehicles.<h3 dir="ltr">Function and Importance of MOSFETs in Automotive Systems</h3>MOSFETs are integral to the functionality of numerous automotive systems, serving as critical components in power management and signal processing across various applications. Their ability to handle high currents and voltages efficiently while switching and amplifying signals makes them a vital electronic component in modern vehicles. Here’s a closer look at some specific applications:<ul><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Powertrain and Vehicle Dynamics:<ul style="font-weight: initial;"><li dir="ltr">Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS) radar sensor module:&nbsp;MOSFETs regulate the power distribution to the radar components of ADAS, ensuring optimal performance by managing the precise control of high currents needed for the radar's operation.</li><li dir="ltr">Electronic Power Steering (EPS): MOSFETs modulate the power supplied to the electric motor that drives the steering mechanism, allowing for precise control and responsiveness, enhancing both the efficiency of steering operations and the overall safety and comfort for the driver.</li><li dir="ltr">Anti-locking braking systems/Electronic Stability Control (ABS/ESC): Critical in providing the rapid switching needed for effective electronic stability control and braking systems.</li></ul></li><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Vehicle Comfort and Convenience:<ul style="font-weight: initial;"><li dir="ltr">Adaptive Front LED lights and Interior LED lighting:&nbsp;MOSFETs drive the lighting systems, offering precision control that adapts to varying conditions and user settings.</li><li dir="ltr">Automatic Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC):&nbsp;Ensures efficient motor control for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning, enhancing passenger comfort.</li><li dir="ltr">Active Suspension System: MOSFETs facilitate the rapid adjustment of suspension settings to adapt to road conditions to improve ride quality and vehicle handling. This technology contributes to a smoother driving experience by dynamically managing the suspension's response to changes in terrain.</li></ul></li><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Safety Systems:<ul style="font-weight: initial;"><li dir="ltr">Airbag controller with Safing MOSFET:&nbsp;Controls the deployment of airbags in a crash situation, ensuring timely and reliable activation.</li><li dir="ltr">Seat Belt Pretensioners and Force Limiters: MOSFETs control the mechanisms that tighten seat belts instantly during a collision, reducing slack to protect occupants. They also regulate the force limiters to ensure that the belt tightens adequately without causing injury, enhancing passenger safety during severe impacts.</li></ul></li></ul><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1729694339156-image1.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="mosfet-applications-vehicle"><ul id="isPasted"><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Power Management in EVs/Hybrids:<ul style="font-weight: initial;"><li dir="ltr">High power, high-efficiency DC/DC converter and On-Board Charger (OBC): Essential for converting and managing power within the vehicle’s electrical system, crucial for electric and hybrid vehicles.</li><li dir="ltr">Zonal Control Units: MOSFETs facilitate intelligent power distribution controlled by software, optimizing the delivery of power to different zones of the vehicle. This not only enhances the efficiency of electrical systems but also supports advanced features such as customized lighting and climate control across different cabin areas.</li><li dir="ltr">Battery Management System (BMS):&nbsp;MOSFETs play a crucial role in managing systems that monitor and control battery packs, crucial for EV performance and safety. They also help in the balanced charging of battery cells, a process that is critical for maintaining the health and extending the lifetime of the battery. By ensuring each cell within the battery pack is charged correctly, MOSFETs prevent overcharging and help maintain the overall battery balance, thus safeguarding and maximizing battery life.</li></ul></li><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Applications in ICE vehicles:<ul style="font-weight: initial;"><li dir="ltr">Cooling Fan and Fluid Pump Controls:&nbsp;Manage the operation of cooling systems and fluid circulation, which are vital for maintaining the operational integrity of engine and battery systems.</li><li dir="ltr">Electronic Fuel Injection:&nbsp;Improves the efficiency and control of fuel delivery to the engine, optimizing performance and reducing emissions.</li></ul></li></ul>MOSFETs’ versatility enables them to support these (and many more) critical functions across various systems within the vehicle, highlighting their importance in the automotive industry.<h3 dir="ltr">Key Performance Metrics for MOSFETs</h3>The high performance, efficiency, and reliability of MOSFETs in automotive applications are essential for ensuring the smooth operation of vehicle electronics. These metrics include:<ul><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Electrical Efficiency:<ul style="font-weight: initial;"><li dir="ltr">Switching Efficiency:&nbsp;Effective switching speeds for automotive power MOSFETs typically range from tens to hundreds of nanoseconds, essential for fast response times in power-intensive applications. Small signal MOSFETs, which are also qualified for automotive use, can switch in just a few nanoseconds, providing even faster response for applications requiring high-speed signal processing.</li><li dir="ltr">On-state Resistance:&nbsp;Lower on-state resistance increases efficiency by reducing power losses. Typical values range from 10 mΩ to sub &lt;1mΩ, ideal for minimizing heat generation and energy wastage.</li><li dir="ltr">Power Limits:&nbsp;These are determined by the maximum voltage and current the MOSFET can handle—commonly between 5V to 100V and 10A to 2000A—suitable for a variety of automotive functions.</li></ul></li><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Thermal Performance:<ul style="font-weight: initial;"><li dir="ltr">Operating Temperature Range:&nbsp;Automotive MOSFETs must operate effectively within a range of -55°C to +150°C, with short-term tolerance of up to 175°C for high-heat environments such as engine compartments.</li><li dir="ltr">Thermal Resistance of Junction-Base Mounting: &nbsp;This parameter, ranging from 0.5K/W to 2K/W, indicates the capability of heat dissipation. Lower values are preferable, as they denote superior thermal management.</li></ul></li><li dir="ltr" style="font-weight: bold;">Durability and Longevity:<ul style="font-weight: initial;"><li dir="ltr">Thermal Cycling Resistance:&nbsp;MOSFETs are designed to withstand numerous thermal cycles without performance degradation, ensuring long-term reliability. Additionally, they must pass rigorous electrical bias stress tests, including high temperature gate bias, high temperature reverse bias, and humidity bias stress. These tests are critical for assessing the durability of MOSFETs under severe environmental conditions and electrical stresses, further ensuring their robustness and suitability for demanding automotive applications.</li></ul></li></ul>Suggested reading:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/next-generation-mosfet-technology-meets-demand-for-strong-thermal-performance-in-automotive-applications" target="_blank">Next-generation MOSFET technology Meets Demand for Strong Thermal&nbsp;Performance in Automotive Applications.</a><h2 dir="ltr">Quality Standards and Certifications</h2>MOSFETs used in automotive applications are subject to specific industry standards that dictate their design, testing, and performance criteria. One of the most critical standards is the AEC-Q101, a stringent specification from the Automotive Electronics Council that covers stress tests for semiconductors in automotive applications. This standard ensures that MOSFETs can withstand extreme conditions such as high temperatures, vibrations, and varying electrical loads.Compliance with AEC-Q101 involves multiple tests, including thermal shock, moisture resistance, electrostatic discharge susceptibility, and life-cycle testing. These tests are designed to simulate the actual operating conditions that MOSFETs will face in a vehicle, ensuring that only the most robust components make it into automotive systems.&nbsp;Suggested reading: <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/semiconductor-resilience-with-innovations-in-testing-techniques-and-packaging" target="_blank">Semiconductor Resilience with Innovations in Testing Techniques and Packaging</a><h2 dir="ltr">Trends and Innovations</h2>The automotive industry is on the brink of a big technological transformation, with MOSFETs playing a crucial role in shaping the future of mobility. As the demand for EVs and autonomous driving systems increases, MOSFETs are evolving to meet the new challenges and performance requirements.New materials such as Silicon Carbide (SiC) and Gallium Nitride (GaN) are making their way into MOSFET design. These materials offer superior efficiency, higher breakdown voltage, higher temperature tolerance, and faster switching capabilities than traditional silicon MOSFETs, making them ideal for the high-power demands of EV powertrains and charging systems.Additionally, the integration of intelligent control features within vehicle subsystems is becoming more common. Smart power converters can provide real-time diagnostics and protection features, enhancing the overall safety, reliability and repairability of automotive electronics.Moreover, as vehicles become more connected and autonomous, the number of electronic components and systems is set to increase continuously, necessitating MOSFETs that can perform reliably in a more crowded and interconnected environment. The ongoing development in MOSFET technology also aims to reduce interference and improve communication between components, ensuring seamless operation.<h2 dir="ltr">Nexperia's High-Performance MOSFETs: Driving Excellence and Innovation in Automotive Electronics</h2>Nexperia distinguishes itself in the automotive electronics market with a strong focus on quality, performance, and innovation. As a semiconductor manufacturer, Nexperia is committed to developing MOSFET technology that meets the stringent requirements of modern automotive systems.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1729694884790-image3.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="lfpak-family">MOSFETs optimized for Automotive applications by Nexperia in an LFPAK package. Source: Nexperia<h3 dir="ltr">Innovative Product Range</h3>Nexperia’s automotive MOSFET product portfolio contains over 400 types of power MOSFETs, with specifications ranging from -18 &nbsp;to 500 A for drain currents and drain-source voltage ratings ranging from -60to 100 V. These are housed in robust copper-clip packages featuring cutting-edge technologies, such as flexible leads and wettable flanks for ease of Automatic Optical Inspection (AOI) and improved reliability. This diversity ensures solutions for every automotive electronic need, from simple lamp circuits to complex power requirements of vehicle electrification and hybrid battery systems.Suggested reading:&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/a-story-of-innovation-how-lfpak-revolutionized-an-industry" target="_blank">A story of innovation: How LFPAK revolutionized an industry.</a><h3 dir="ltr">Focused on Future Needs and Sustainability</h3>Nexperia is further advancing MOSFET technology with initiatives like the introduction of the <a href="https://www.nexperia.com/products/sic-mosfets" target="_blank">1200 V Silicon Carbide MOSFETs</a>, which enhance efficiency and reduce energy waste—crucial for extending the driving range of EVs. The company's efforts in scaling down MOSFET sizes allow for more compact system designs without compromising performance or reliability. These innovations support the automotive industry’s goals of reducing carbon footprints and advancing sustainable mobility solutions.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/pD7b3YkhG6s?&amp;pp=ygUPbmV4cGVyaWEgbW9zZmV0&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable">&nbsp;</iframe><h3 dir="ltr">Specialization for Reliability</h3>Tailoring MOSFET offerings to specific automotive needs ensures that each component delivers optimal performance and efficiency. Nexperia’s MOSFETs are essential in systems ranging from adaptive lighting and climate control to critical applications like electric power steering and braking systems. Innovations in packaging and silicon technologies enhance thermal performance and durability, vital attributes where reliability and space economy are most important.Nexperia upholds a zero-defect culture, which has been recognized through multiple supplier awards, reflecting their commitment to excellence. Impressively, the company has maintained a complaint rate of less than 0.05 complaints per million since 2019, emphasizing their relentless focus on quality.&nbsp;In addition to these innovations, Nexperia provides next-generation support tools for automotive engineers. Their interactive datasheets allow real-time adjustment of parameters like voltage, current, and temperature, instantly visualizing MOSFET behavior. This streamlines design workflows by eliminating manual calculations and circuit simulations. Advanced electrothermal MOSFET models also enable early-stage validation of circuit designs, helping identify EMI and EMC issues upfront.Nexperia's ongoing innovations and focus on quality support automotive manufacturers in developing more efficient, reliable, and cost-effective electronic systems. These advancements contribute to vehicles that offer improved safety, comfort, and environmental performance.Visit <a href="https://nexperia.com/mosfets" target="_blank">Nexperia's official website</a> to explore a range of advanced MOSFET solutions built for automotive electronics.<h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2>Nexperia's ongoing commitment to innovation in MOSFET technology highlights the critical role these components play in improving vehicle performance, efficiency, and safety. By leveraging advanced materials and innovative designs, Nexperia ensures that automotive electronics meet stringent contemporary standards and are equipped for the evolving demands of tomorrow. As the shift towards more electric and autonomous vehicles continues, the need for reliable, efficient, and high-performance MOSFETs becomes increasingly apparent.<h2 dir="ltr">References</h2>[1] Nexperia. Driving solenoids in automotive applications Rev. 1.1 [Internet]. 3 Nov 2023. Available from:<a href="https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/application-note/AN50003.pdf" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/application-note/AN50003.pdf</a>[2] Nexperia. MOSFET and GaN FET Application Handbook [Internet]. 19 Nov 2020. Available from:<a href="https://efficiencywins.nexperia.com/efficient-products/mosfet-and-gan-fet-application-handbook" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://efficiencywins.nexperia.com/efficient-products/mosfet-and-gan-fet-application-handbook</a>[3] Nexperia. Selection Guide: Discrete, MOSFET and GaN FET components, analog &amp; logic ICs [Internet], Available from: <a href="https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/selection-guide/Nexperia_Selection_guide_2023.pdf" target="_blank">https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/selection-guide/Nexperia_Selection_guide_2023.pdf</a>

Nexperia's automotive MOSFETs enhance innovation across both traditional and electric vehicles, expertly managing a wide array of applications from simple lighting to advanced electrification systems, ensuring high performance, reliability and superior efficiency in every aspect.

High-Performance MOSFETs Driving Excellence and Innovations in Automotive Electronics

In this episode, we explore a groundbreaking smart charger that could significantly boost the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) by revolutionizing charging infrastructure, making EVs more accessible and sustainable for the future of transportation.

Podcast: This Smart Charger, More EVs

This article was discussed in our <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/profile/the.next.byte" rel="noopener noreferrer">Next Byte podcast</a>.&nbsp;<iframe height="200px" width="100%" frameborder="no" scrolling="no" seamless="" src="https://player.simplecast.com/0c6e89ec-2577-48b1-81ca-2b54787cba8e?dark=false" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe> The full article will continue below.<hr>In 2024, more than one in five cars sold is an electric vehicle (EV). Intergovernmental agencies estimate that by 2035, <a href="https://www.iea.org/reports/global-ev-outlook-2024/outlook-for-electric-mobility" target="_blank" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="df17f5fe-cbc3-4e3c-86ce-928e3a540089" data-entity-substitution="canonical">half of all new cars sold globally will be EVs</a>.&nbsp;While more EVs on the road sounds like great news for the environment, it could lead to complications. The electric grid is not yet ready to support the EV influx, and unaddressed capacity limitations could threaten the future of the EV industry.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI5MDM4NTYxNjgxLWV2LWZlYXR1cmUtMS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">David Taylor, professor in the School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE); Kartik Sastry, a recent ECE Ph.D. graduate; and Michael Leamy, Woodruff Professor and director of Graduate Studies in the School of Mechanical Engineering.Researchers at the Georgia Institute of Technology have developed a device to help avoid grid overload: a revolutionary EV smart-charging system.&nbsp;Their optimization-based approach would not only help reduce grid stress but also enable users to customize the charging process and minimize cost, prioritize the use of carbon-free energy, or adjust the charging speed. The technology might even help promote the EV industry.&nbsp;“The EV revolution is happening so quickly that electrical utilities will find it difficult and costly to update the grid fast enough to accommodate these vehicles,” said <a href="https://research.gatech.edu/node/36005" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="df17f5fe-cbc3-4e3c-86ce-928e3a540089" data-entity-substitution="canonical">Michael J. Leamy</a>, Woodruff Professor and director of Graduate Studies in the <a href="https://www.me.gatech.edu/">George W. Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering</a>. “We wanted to investigate a way of smart charging that considers EVs as they converge on the electric grid, which we already know is near its maximum capacity. We need to buy time for the grid operators so they aren’t overwhelmed when more EVs enter the market.”<h2 id="isPasted">Taking a Load Off (the Grid)</h2>In the southeastern U.S., during the summertime, power use peaks from late afternoon to early evening. By then, the heat of the sun has warmed up homes and buildings, and people have cranked up their air conditioners. This is also when most people come home from work and plug in their EVs, which immediately start charging. When plugged in, an EV can easily be the most significant consumer of power in a home.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI5MDM4NTk2OTQ5LWV2LWZlYXR1cmUtMy5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The smart charger minimizes stress on the electric grid by using algorithms to distribute charging over time.“A bunch of EVs charging during the peak power load can be problematic for utilities, exacerbating electricity demand and overloading the grid,” said <a href="https://kartik.ece.gatech.edu/">Kartik Sastry</a>, a recent Ph.D. graduate in the <a href="https://ece.gatech.edu/">School of Electrical and Computer Engineering (ECE)</a> and co-inventor of the technology. “But you don’t need to start charging as soon as you come home. In most cases, there’s ample time overnight to fully charge electric vehicles.”&nbsp;The team set out to address the issue of grid overload by taking advantage of overnight surplus charging time. They developed cutting-edge optimization algorithms to distribute charging over time, thereby minimizing grid stresses while offering benefits to consumers.&nbsp;Rather than charging at full speed as soon as an EV is plugged in, the team’s smart-charging algorithms allow for gradual charging, or charging at several intervals over time rather than all at once. The algorithms also decrease the maximum power draw of a home during charging, achieving what the researchers call “peak shaving.”&nbsp;The algorithm itself plans the charging and when it will occur, based on the state of the grid and consumer preferences. The system also makes these decisions without the need for any centralized control, and without communicating with other vehicles in the neighborhood or city.&nbsp;“By using random timing and predictions of household power usage, our algorithm can effectively distribute the load,” said <a href="https://research.gatech.edu/node/36240" data-entity-type="node" data-entity-uuid="8797f559-5d41-4aea-afa6-46ef49f0b6e2" data-entity-substitution="canonical">David G. Taylor</a>, ECE professor and co-inventor of the charging system. “This means that the number of EVs in a community can increase without the local utility incurring huge expenses for infrastructure upgrades, provided these EVs use the smart charging algorithm we've developed.”<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI5MDM4NjUzNzM1LWltYWdlcyAoMSkuanBlZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 id="isPasted">Customizable Charging</h2>The system allows consumers to customize their charging. Using an app the team designed, a consumer can control four different facets of charging: cost, carbon-free energy, speed, and battery health. The app’s slider widgets allow a user to weigh their preferences for each; based on the user’s selections, the algorithm determines how best to charge the vehicle while minimizing grid impact.&nbsp;For example, to charge their vehicle quickly, a user would move the charging-speed slider all the way to the right. Prioritizing carbon-free charging, on the other hand, programs the charger to only charge the car when renewable resources such as wind or solar are available on the grid. Choosing to charge at the lowest cost would prompt the system to charge at low-demand times based on a utility’s price schedule, allowing the user to avoid any demand charges.<h2 id="isPasted">Driving Forward</h2><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI5MDM4NjgwOTY5LWV2LWZlYXR1cmUtMi5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The team plans to demonstrate how their smart-charging algorithms can reduce costs for entire fleets of electric vehicles.The team has published several research articles about the project in major journals. They have also built prototype hardware, completed charging case studies with individual EVs, and submitted a patent for the technology.&nbsp;Expanding beyond the system’s applications for individual consumers, the team has also developed this technology to function in commercial settings. They hope to collaborate with an EV charging station company and a public school system that uses EV buses to demonstrate how their algorithms automatically reduce fleet charging costs.&nbsp;The goal, Leamy says, is for companies to license their smart-charging algorithm technology.The researchers are also reaching out to auto companies to have their technology incorporated into EVs themselves, which would allow users to set their charging preferences right from their dashboard.&nbsp;“We hope to demonstrate that smart charging is feasible on a large scale — and also measure the benefits of doing so,” Leamy said. “We plan to show how much money consumers, companies, and school systems can save with smart charging rather than simply charging in an ad hoc fashion.”“We anticipate a significant uptick in EV adoption, which will lead to higher demand on the grid,” Sastry said. “To protect the grid and help the EV industry thrive, we must accommodate these EVs in a smart way, and that’s what we hope to achieve.”

The EV smart charger allows users to customize their charging, with the ability to weight preferences for carbon-free energy, cost, charge speed, and battery health. Credit: Allison Carter

The revolutionary system allows for cheaper, carbon-free charging and aims to reduce the burden on the electric grid as more EVs enter the roadway.

New Smart Charger May Pave the Way for More EVs

As the world grapples with climate change and environmental degradation, the Dutch automotive industry is pioneering efforts in sustainable mobility. 

The Road to Sustainable Mobility in the Netherlands and Europe

As sustainability requirements, government policies, and consumer demand continue to put pressure on the automotive market, the Dutch automotive industry is finding effective ways of integrating cutting-edge materials and sustainable design practices to redefine the future of mobility.


Design and Materials in the Dutch Automotive Industry: Innovations and Future Directions

More than 40,000 people have died on U.S. roads in each of the last three years. In an effort to eliminate these preventable accidents, The Department of Transportation has awarded The City of Pittsburgh, in partnership with Ding Zhao, $1.3 million to analyze Pittsburgh’s current transportation infrastructure and inform safety-first upgrades by the end of 2026.As part of the <a href="https://www.transportation.gov/grants/SS4A" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Biden-Harris Administration’s Bipartisan Infrastructure Law for the Safe Streets and Roads for All</a> (SS4A) program, the project will support a road safety audit, the development of a <a href="https://engage.pittsburghpa.gov/vision-zero" rel="noopener" target="_blank">Vision Zero</a>-focused streets design manual along with quick build projects and a Vision Zero ambassador program to eliminate traffic fatalities and increase equitable mobility.<a href="https://engineering.cmu.edu/directory/bios/zhao-ding.html">Ding Zhao</a>, director of the Safe AI Lab and an associate professor of <a href="https://www.meche.engineering.cmu.edu/index.html" rel="noopener" target="_blank">mechanical engineering</a> at Carnegie Mellon University, will use large language models (LLMs) to analyze Pittsburgh’s streets, identify which intersections are the highest-risk for drivers and pedestrians, and work with city officials to test new street design improvements.“Large language models offer a very scalable, very powerful way to collect data and run simulations,” explained Zhao. “By collecting more data, more efficiently, we can be inclusive of rare events and vulnerable users.”<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/SDAoLGEE2CU?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-gtm-yt-inspected-24="true" id="200260888" title="Simulation of Pittsburgh's city streets">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</iframe>Simulations of Pittsburgh’s streets will be used by Ding Zhao to identify intersections that pose the highest-risk for drivers and pedestrians. The team will work with city officials to test new street design improvements as part of the Safe Streets and Roads for All Program.The team will also use LLMs to analyze the results of their simulations, an approach Zhao says is novel to transportation and infrastructure.“We have a clear goal for this project and by working with the City of Pittsburgh we are guaranteeing real world impact,” said Zhao. “I’m excited to see how my research will positively affect our neighborhoods. If we can save even one person, I’ll be very proud.”<blockquote>I’m excited to see how my research will positively affect our neighborhoods. If we can save even one person, I’ll be very proud.<cite>Ding Zhao, Associate Professor, Mechanical Engineering</cite></blockquote>“We’re excited to partner with the research teams at Carnegie Mellon University as we work toward our goal of zero traffic fatalities,” said Mayor Ed Gainey. “To make our streets safer, we need to break down silos and build strong partnerships between the City of Pittsburgh and our private institutions. Together, we can drive the kind of innovation that makes a real difference in roadway safety.”Zhao, who has been working to advance AI in self-driving cars for nearly a decade, is also eager to explore how enhanced infrastructure can make the roads safer for semi and fully autonomous vehicles.The team will leverage on its in-house tool <a href="https://safebench.github.io/">SafeBench</a>, an open-sourced platform designed to assess and improve the safety of AI models based on a high-fidelity autonomous driving simulator. SafeBench provides a suite of standardized benchmarks and testing environments for evaluating how AI models perform in dynamic, safety-critical situations, such as autonomous driving or infrastructure planning. This tool can be integrated into projects like Pittsburgh’s transportation audit by offering a rigorous framework for analyzing AI-driven systems’ resilience under various conditions, including multimodal perturbations and rare events. By ensuring the safety and robustness of AI systems, SafeBench will help cities like Pittsburgh deploy cutting-edge AI technologies with confidence, minimizing risks and enhancing the overall safety of public infrastructure.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TnJxpTJ1OKQ?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-gtm-yt-inspected-24="true" id="330679141" title="Scenarios for Perception">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;</iframe>“SafeBench allows us to identify potential safety issues in the AI-empowered systems early on, which helps improve their reliability as they are integrated into real-world applications,” said Haohong Lin, a Ph.D. student at Carnegie Mellon University working with Zhao.“I have been working on self-driving cars for 17 years,” Zhao said. “This project opens a new door for us to explore how streets can be modified to provide a safer environment for us all both today and in the future when humans will share the road with AVs.”

Ding Zhao is teaming up with the City of Pittsburgh to improve road safety and eliminate traffic fatalities using AI.

Safe AI for safer city streets

We are pleased to introduce the latest edition of the <a href="https://www.raivereniging.nl/en/sections/rai-automotive-industry-nl/" target="_blank" rel="nofollow">RAI Automotive Industry NL</a> report, which provides an in-depth exploration of the Dutch automotive sector's transformative trajectory. This sector, situated at the nexus of rapid technological advancements and pressing global challenges, exemplifies a model of innovation, sustainability, and resilience in a highly competitive international landscape.This issue covers core themes: smart and green mobility, sustainable manufacturing, human capital development, design and materials, and internationalization. Each of these pillars underscores the industry's commitment to integrating advanced technologies into mobility solutions, driving the future of transportation with a focus on efficiency, safety, and sustainability.Below you can read an excerpt of one of the featured articles. Or download the full report for free here.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI4NjM0MzQ5NTE0LXJhaSBlbWFpbC5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">&nbsp;<iframe id="JotFormIFrame-242823280704453" title="2024 RAI Dutch Automotive Industry Magazine" allowtransparency="true" src="https://form.jotform.com/242823280704453" frameborder="0" style="min-width:100%;max-width:100%;height:590px;border:none;" scrolling="no" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;&nbsp; </iframe>&nbsp;International collaboration is a cornerstone of RAI Automotive Industry NL’s strategy for driving technological advancement and market expansion. The global automotive industry is highly interconnected, with innovation and market trends often emerging from various parts of the world. RAI Automotive Industry NL ensures that Dutch companies remain at the forefront of these developments by actively cultivating international relationships, assisting members with international missions, and providing data-driven market research and business intelligence from the global automotive industry.&nbsp;<h2 dir="ltr">Partnerships Drive Innovation Between The Netherlands and the World&nbsp;</h2>A major focus for RAI Automotive Industry NL is building relationships with automotive and tech firms worldwide, which will assist in driving innovation and enhancing technological capabilities within the Dutch automotive sector.&nbsp;“The Dutch Automotive industry doesn’t contain the big brands as OEMs, we are more of a supplier industry. However, when you look at our total turnover, it’s about 30 billion euros, which is quite substantial. This industry supports approximately 70,000 jobs, making it very important. That’s why we focus heavily on internationalization, with 90% of our total turnover coming from exports. We are truly dependent on the global market.”<h2 dir="ltr">Export Promotion and Support for Dutch Automotive Companies&nbsp;</h2>One way RAI Automotive Industry NL supports members in accessing international collaboration is by assisting them in meeting and building relationships with key players worldwide via international trade missions and delegations.&nbsp;“The automotive mobility world faces similar challenges in our focus countries: France, Germany, Sweden, and the United States. We are all working on safety, a greener automotive ecosystem, and more. What makes building these partnerships even more enjoyable is the cultural exchange. It’s so valuable to have these global connections.”These efforts are crucial in helping companies navigate global markets, establish business relationships, and stay competitive. RAI’s activities can be divided into three categories:<h3 dir="ltr">Trade and Innovation missions&nbsp;</h3>RAI organizes trade- and innovation missions around the latest technology advancements. Missions attract many participants and offer the possibility of visiting many international companies and institutions. The missions aim to connect Dutch start-ups, scale-ups, SMEs, corporates, governments, and knowledge institutions with international ecosystems and partners. These missions are specifically interesting to those who want to enter foreign markets with smart and sustainable mobility technology, like new battery solutions and new materials, or wish to do more business there.&nbsp;Businesses that operate internationally tend to be more productive, innovative, and successful. By participating in trade or innovation missions, entrepreneurs can expand their networks and enhance their international opportunities.<h3 dir="ltr">Collective booth at international trade fairs&nbsp;</h3>For those wanting to exhibit at prestigious international trade fairs, RAI offers a joint platform for innovation and networking. RAI members can join the NL Pavilion by reserving a space within the exhibition area. This is particularly attractive for start-ups, scale-ups, and SMEs who cannot afford a pavilion on their own. The pavilion has an open, representative appearance with recognizable, strong NL branding. RAI takes over the complete preparation regarding the stand construction on behalf of exhibitors. Participants can focus on presenting themselves professionally and use the collective space with a bar area and catering. RAI also organizes programs for international delegations in the pavilions. In addition, participants benefit from joint promotional activities that increase traffic to the pavilions. RAI will be present at shows like the IAA, Automechanika in Germany, Solutrans, EQUIP Auto, and the Paris Motor Show in France.&nbsp;“At RAI, we believe that fostering international collaboration is the key to unlocking cutting-edge advancements in the automotive industry.”&nbsp;Bram Hendrix, RAI Program Manager for Internationalization.<h3 dir="ltr">Co-innovation days&nbsp;</h3>RAI organizes co-innovation days that serve as a platform for fostering collaboration and synergy between The Netherlands Automotive and Mobility industry and OEM and TIER1 companies from the international industry. These events, held several times a year, aim to facilitate the exchange of knowledge, innovation, and expertise to drive advancements in these areas and promote mutual growth and development. In the past, co-innovations days have been organised at and with leading companies such as Renault, Continental, and Vitesco. The goal is to facilitate exchange between the innovation departments of companies.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI4NTc0NDI0NjA5LUhvbGxhbmQgUGF2aWxpb24gMS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 dir="ltr">RAI’s Partner Network: A Key Player in Automotive Industry Intelligence&nbsp;</h2>RAI gathers market intelligence and conducts research for the Dutch automotive industry by fostering strong relationships with its network of companies and embassy networks. Their member network serves as a rich source of insights, helping to navigate the ever-changing automotive industry landscape.&nbsp;RAI collaborates with embassy networks, including innovation attachés, to gain deeper insights into specific focus countries. The Innovation Attachés provide an overview of scientific and technological developments in their respective regions and have an important trendwatching role. RAI also partners with other cluster organizations, which are groups of interconnected businesses in a particular industry or location. This collaboration allows for the sharing of knowledge and resources, enhances market research capabilities, and fosters collective growth.&nbsp;RAI’s strategic approach to understanding automotive industry trends involves concentrating on a specific group of countries, ensuring a deeper comprehension of these markets. This approach underscores RAI’s commitment to driving informed and targeted advancements in the automotive sector. RAI gathers intelligence most relevant to Dutch companies seeking international partnerships and trade opportunities.<h2 dir="ltr">RAI Automotive Industry NL - Driving Global Automotive Innovation Forward&nbsp;</h2>RAI Automotive Industry NL plays a crucial role in propelling the Dutch automotive industry to the forefront of global advancements. By fostering a collaborative environment and international partnerships, RAI empowers Dutch companies to access global expertise and markets and helps them to drive innovation and navigate a complex international landscape.&nbsp;Collaboration with international partners allows Dutch companies to stay at the cutting edge of technology, contributing to the development of next-generation vehicles and mobility solutions. By connecting Dutch companies with international partners and markets, RAI facilitates export growth, strengthens the Dutch automotive industry’s global footprint, and secures its position in the global supply chain. International partnerships open doors for Dutch companies and help them access a wider pool of talent and expertise, allowing them to build stronger and more diverse teams.&nbsp;<iframe id="JotFormIFrame-242823280704453" title="2024 RAI Dutch Automotive Industry Magazine" allowtransparency="true" src="https://form.jotform.com/242823280704453" frameborder="0" style="min-width:100%;max-width:100%;height:590px;border:none;" scrolling="no" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&nbsp;&nbsp; </iframe>&nbsp;

International collaboration is a cornerstone of RAI Automotive Industry NL’s strategy for driving technological advancement and market expansion.

RAI Automotive Industry Global Collaborations

The Dutch automotive industry is one of the frontrunners in today’s smart mobility revolution, driving innovations that are set to redefine transportation on the European and global front. 

Smart Mobility in Action: The Netherlands' Digitalized Automotive Industry

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Introduction

Sensing Technologies

Thinking and Learning

EDGE and RTOS

Communication and Connectivity

Security

Tech Stack

Examining the latest developments in self-driving vehicles.

Autonomous Vehicle Technology Report

Automotive

Rotor and Stator Detail of Electric DC Motor

This article delves into the intricacies of DC motor operation, exploring the key components, core mechanisms, types, and their interactions to produce rotational motion.

How Does a DC Motor Work? Unveiling the Power Behind Electric Motion

Understanding the theoretical principles, real-life implementations, maintenance, and  preventive measures for open and closed circuits and navigating the differences between open circuit vs short circuit

Open Circuit vs Short Circuit: Core Differences between Open and Closed Circuit

Automotive robots are reshaping production processes, enhancing quality, and redefining the future of the automotive industry. Let’s discover how these mechanical marvels are driving innovation on factory floors worldwide.

Automotive Robots: Revolutionizing the Assembly Line

Developed by Bosch in the 1980s, the CAN bus has become the nervous system of modern automobiles that facilitates seamless communication between the Electronic Control Units (ECUs). This article will decode CAN bus fundamentals, its functioning, variants, and advantages over other protocols.

What is a CAN bus: The Backbone of Modern Vehicle Communication

A stator is the stationary part of an electric motor or generator, consisting of coils or windings mounted on an iron core, designed to create a magnetic field when electric current flows through it. Explore the fundamentals, advancements, and applications of stators in modern engineering.

What is a Stator? A Comprehensive Guide for Engineers

A re-development of classical CAN by Bosch in 2012, CAN FD is the protocol that operates all moving machines like cars, planes, robots, etc. This guide will unfold its foundational concepts, recent advancements, practical applications, and the challenges, for engineering professionals.

CAN FD: Revolutionizing Automotive and Industrial Communications

Automotive

Autonomous Vehicle Technology Report

Introduction

1. Sensing Technologies

2. Thinking and Learning

3. EDGE and RTOS

4. Communication and Connectivity

5. Security

6. Tech Stack

Profiles