Choosing the Right IoT Battery
Choosing the appropriate battery for IoT devices is critical to ensure optimal performance and longevity. There are several factors to consider when selecting a battery that aligns with the specific requirements of the application, allowing for reliable and long-lasting power supply.
14 Mar, 2024.
Battery Type: Electrochemistry, Capacity, and Energy Density
Consider the application and device form factor when choosing the battery. Coin cell batteries are compact and suitable for low-power devices with minimal energy needs but have limited capacity and are non-rechargeable. Lithium-ion (Li-ion) or lithium-polymer (Li-poly) batteries offer higher capacity, rechargability, and longer lifespans, making them suitable for devices with higher power demands and longer lifecycles. Customized batteries may be necessary for devices with unconventional form factors.
Capacity, measured in mAh or Wh, refers to the amount of charge a battery can store, while energy density relates to the amount of energy stored per unit volume or weight. Selecting a battery with sufficient capacity and energy density ensures extended device operation without frequent battery replacements.
Voltage and Discharge Characteristics
Ensure the battery voltage aligns with the device's voltage requirements over its entire lifespan. Understand the discharge rate influenced by the application's use, such as data transmission frequency, intensity, and duration. These factors impact battery characteristics, including discharge rate and voltage drop over time, ultimately affecting power consumption and runtime.
Temperature
Temperature significantly affects battery performance. Extreme temperatures can impact capacity, discharge rate, and lifespan. Select a battery with an operating temperature range suitable for the device's environmental conditions.
Battery and Device Shelf Life
Consider battery conditions, such as self-discharge, both before integration into the IoT device and once integrated. Aging and self-discharge affect performance, so understanding these parameters during product development and post-market deployment is crucial.
Cost and Lifespan
Evaluate upfront cost and total cost of ownership over the battery's lifespan. Assess the battery's expected lifespan and balance it with the device's operational duration to optimize cost-effectiveness.
By considering these factors, developers can choose the right battery for their IoT devices, ensuring optimal performance, longevity, and cost-effectiveness. Relying solely on data sheets is not sufficient. Further tests need to be done due to the device-specific conditions and batteries. This will be adressed in the following blogpost. If you can’t wait, download the white paper.