Stereolithography (SLA), <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/digital.light.processing.3d.printing.explained" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Digital Light Processing (DLP)</a>, and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) are 3 different types of 3D resin printing. In these vat polymerization methods, light sources are used to cure liquid resin, layer-by-layer, to form a desired 3D model. Although SLA, DLP, and LCD all use a light source, a build platform, and a vat of resin, each process uses a different type of light source.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjA4MTgwNjI5ODQ3LUFkb2JlU3RvY2tfMTUxODQ2NjgwLTEwMjR4NjgzLmpwZWciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19">Bottom up 3D resin printer.&nbsp;<h2>SLA 3D Resin Printing</h2>SLA, the original form of 3D printing, was patented in 1986. In this technique, galvo mirrors focus an ultraviolet (UV) laser that solidifies the cross-section of each layer, point-by-point. In general, SLA printing may be top-down, as is used in some industrial applications, or bottom-up, as is used for desktop printers.In top-down SLA printing, the laser source is positioned above the vat of resin. The build platform begins at a predetermined layer height under the top surface of the liquid resin. After solidifying a layer, the build platform drops by a specified layer height, typically between 25-100 microns, to solidify the next layer and merge it with the previous. This process repeats until the model is complete, at which point it rises from the vat. Unlike <a href="http://prototypehubs.com/knowledge-base/?category=printing-methods" target="_blank">other 3D printing methods</a>, curing continues after completion. Extra exposure to UV light is generally needed to fully cure the resin and improve the model’s hardness and temperature resistance.In bottom-up SLA printing, the light source is positioned under the vat and the model is formed upside down. The build platform begins at a predetermined layer height above the tank’s bottom surface, which is transparent to allow light to penetrate the liquid resin. After each layer is solidified, the build platform rises, removing the cured resin from the bottom of the tank in a process called “peeling.” Forces applied to the model during peeling are the main cause of print failures in bottom-up SLA printing.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjA4MTgwNjYxMDA3LVNMQS0zRC1QcmludC0xMDI0eDY4MS5qcGVnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==">Dental 3D SLA Printer with Model&nbsp;<h2>DLP 3D Resin Printing</h2>DLP is similar to bottom-up SLA printing in that the light source is positioned below the vat of resin. However, instead of a using a UV laser, DLP uses a projector screen to flash a pixelated 2D image of the layer onto the tank bottom. This allows for faster processing times. The disadvantage of DLP is the restriction of build accuracy, which is determined by pixel size.<h2>LCD 3D Resin Printing</h2>LCD is similar to DLP in that it also uses a pixelated 2D image. You may recognise the term LCD from computer monitors and other display devices. In LCD printing, an array of UV LCDs shine the entire layer image directly onto the tank bottom to cure the liquid resin. As no mirrors are used to project each layer image, there is no distortion of the light. This means that the quality of LCD printing is determined by the LCD density. LCD generally uses cheaper components than both SLA and DLP, which is often a good introduction to resin printing for the first-time owner.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNjA4MTgwNjkwNDI3LTNELVByaW50ZWQtQ2hlc3MtUGllY2VzLTcxMHgxMDI0LmpwZWciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19">3D printed chess rook from resin plastic.&nbsp;With 3D resin printing, high levels of accuracy can be achieved with smooth surfaces. As the UV curing method tends to leave models brittle, most resin printing is better suited for non-functional parts and visual models. But, as material science continues to develop, functional resin printed parts are now becoming a reality. Visit the&nbsp;<a href="http://prototypehubs.com/3d-printing/" target="_blank">3D printing comparison page</a> for more information about the ideal 3D printing method for your next project.

Stereolithography (SLA), Digital Light Processing (DLP), and Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) are 3 different types of 3D resin printing.

What Is 3D Resin Printing

Plastic substrates for flexible displays are well known for their mechanical benefits such as thinness, lightness and flexibility, but their optical advantages are less cited. This blog post aims to shed light on the optical advantages of using plastic substrates as an alternative to glass for LCD.<h2>Plastic LCD vs glass LCD</h2>Before I describe the optical advantages of plastic substrates, I should briefly explain the structure of a glass LCD and that of a plastic LCD and how they compare in terms of thinness and lightness.Glass LCDs consist of a glass backplane containing the thin-film transistors (TFTs) and a glass frontplane containing the colour filter. In between these sheets of glass is the liquid crystal (LC) cell &ndash; the optical switch that shutters the light from passing through to the viewer.The thickness of these glass sheets can vary depending on the size and performance of the display and is often in the range of 400-700 microns (&mu;m) for each glass sheet, during processing. For some high-end ultra-slim LCDs the 400&mu;m glass can be further thinned in post-processing down to 200&mu;m &ndash; allowing for thinner notebooks and tablets, for example.<a href="https://www.flexenable.com/technology/flexible-olcd/" target="_blank" title="Organic LCDs">Organic LCDs</a> (OLCD) consist of organic TFTs built directly onto a plastic film and commonly use a plastic called tri-acetyl cellulose (TAC) film for the substrate which is typically just 40&mu;m thick. For a 13&rdquo; notebook screen, for example, moving from glass to TAC can reduce thickness and weight by at least 0.5mm and 100g respectively.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1583824528145-143334-olcdandlcdstructure.png" style="width: 1114px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2>Optical advantages of plastic LCD</h2>The mechanical advantages of plastic OLCD over glass LCD are further enhanced by the technology&rsquo;s excellent optical performance, much of which originates from the extreme thinness of plastic TAC substrates compared to glass.<h2>Improved image quality</h2>There&rsquo;s a common optical effect in displays that reduces image quality, called sparkle. You may not have heard of it, but you&rsquo;re probably familiar with it. Have you ever seen the little coloured pixels on your smartphone screen when a drop of water lands on the surface? This happens as a result of refraction, causing the viewer to perceive the pixels in a different location to their actual positon. The same effect occurs in a more subtle way with a dry screen because of surface imperfections on the front of the display, such as scratches or other roughness, causing the perceived location of the pixel beneath the glass to be changed.A similar effect can be seen when you are standing in a swimming pool trying look down at your feet - the apparent location appears to move around as a result of the surface ripples on the water. However, in much shallower water the effect is significantly reduced. For the same reason, moving to thinner plastic substrates in displays naturally reduces the degree of sparkle that is seen &ndash; meaning a crisper uniform image on the display compared to glass-based displays.<h2>High contrast TVs and monitors</h2>Over the past decade LCD display contrast, particularly in TVs has continued to improve. LCD displays work by having a bright light source (backlight) sitting under the liquid crystal display pixels. Each pixel (cell) is like a window with a pair of curtains that can be opened and closed to let the backlight through - making that pixel bright or dark. However, with LCD displays, even when the curtains are completely closed, a very small amount of light still gets through, which limits how black the display can appear.Nevertheless, LCD has continued to improve its ability to show black. In recent years this has been achieved with more sophisticated backlights that contain local dimming &ndash; allowing the brightness of the light to reduce in areas of the display where the curtains all needed to be closed (fully or partially). This is achieved by having an array of LEDs across the backlight that can be individually controlled in brightness.The ideal scenario would be to introduce &lsquo;pixel-level dimming&rsquo; &ndash; where every pixel (or every few pixels), has a controllable LED light source behind it. However, this is extremely expensive to do and would require several million LEDs in each TV.An alternative to this is the so called &ldquo;dual cell&rdquo; structure where one display pixel (cell) is placed on top of a second display pixel. This is equivalent to having two pairs of curtains in your window &ndash; akin to a blackout blind. This means a simple, low-cost backlight can be used, and excellent blacks can be achieved. These sorts of dual cell structures have been built on glass for some time. However, combining two conventional cells requires four sheets of glass &ndash; making the TV thicker, more costly, and causing other performance limitations.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1583824551649-143410-dualcell.png" style="width: 1114px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">For an OLCD that uses 40&mu;m TAC film this means that ultra-high contrast dual cells can be built and still be thinner than today&rsquo;s &lsquo;single cell&rsquo; glass LCDs, and can be manufactured in a simpler way at lower cost with higher optical performance.

Plastic substrates for flexible displays are well known for their mechanical benefits such as thinness, lightness and flexibility, but their optical advantages are less cited.

Why certain plastic substrates are an ideal alternative to glass for LCD

It&rsquo;s amazing how far flat panel displays have continued to advance in the past 20 years &ndash; nearly all displays sold today are based on either liquid crystal display (LCD) or organic light-emitting diode (OLED) technology, with a majority of production capacity dedicated to LCD.&nbsp;LCDs have been around for decades in various forms. These displays consist of two parts &ndash; a backplane that provides the connections and electrodes for each pixel, and the frontplane &ndash; the liquid crystal cell itself.<h2>Frontplane - Liquid crystal cell</h2>Whilst there are many variants in terms of design and operation of the liquid crystal cells that make LCDs possible, the basic mechanism is based on the ability of liquid crystals to rotate the polarization of light depending on the voltage is applied. This means that, for example, light with a horizontal polarization can pass through the liquid crystal and emerge with a vertical polarization. This cell can be used in conjunction with polarizers to create a display effect.Polarizers are thin plastic films that are used to block light of a particular polarization, and are used in many applications such as sunglasses, displays, and many optical components. If you put two identical polarizer sheets on top of each other and rotate one 90 degrees, then no light passes through the pair &ndash; one polarizer stops light of vertical polarization, and the second stops light of horizontal polarization. However, putting the liquid crystal cell between these two crossed polarizers allows you to rotate the polarization of the light that makes it through the first polarizer, so that it can now pass through the second. You have now created an electo-optical switch that can be used to selectively turn &ldquo;on&rdquo; and &ldquo;off&rdquo; different regions (for example, the segments on a calculator display, or the pixels in a TV).<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1583834717589-093605-lcdstructure.jpg" style="width: 1114px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2>Transitioning from &lsquo;passive matrix&rsquo; to &lsquo;active matrix&rsquo; LCDs</h2>Pixelated LCDs have been around for many years. I&rsquo;m old enough to remember the early smartphones in the 1990s such as the Nokia 5110 introduced in 1998. This featured an LCD display containing a whopping 4032 monochrome pixels (84pixels x 48pixels) with no greyscale &ndash; they were either &lsquo;on&rsquo; or &lsquo;off&rsquo;. These displays were so-called &ldquo;passive matrix&rdquo; LCD displays &ndash; there were few enough rows of pixels so that you didn&rsquo;t need transistors to drive the display &ndash; having few pixels that only went black or white (no grey) meant that video rate could be achieved and crosstalk could be minimised.Naturally there was pressure to improve the display performance by making it higher resolution (i.e. making the pixels much smaller) and achieving colour and greyscale. This meant that the pixel count increased from thousands to hundreds of thousands and today there are millions of pixels in each display, each controllable to hundreds of grey levels. In order to control this many pixels accurately and independently, transistors are used. &lsquo;Passive matrix&rsquo; therefore rapidly shifted to &lsquo;active matrix&rsquo;, where each pixel was actively controlled by its own transistor circuit.<h2>Backplane &ndash; Thin-film transistors</h2>There are different transistor circuits that can be used depending on the type of display, but in the most common circuit there is just one transistor controlling each pixel - acting like a light switch for that pixel, or perhaps more accurately, like a dimmer switch. Each transistor allows its respective pixel to be set to a particular brightness for the duration of a single frame of the video. The transistors therefore have two functions: to allow millions of pixels to be controlled at video rate, and to avoid crosstalk between the pixel (avoid the state of one pixel &lsquo;upsetting&rsquo; its neighbour).<h2>Moving from glass LCD to plastic LCD</h2>The transistors used in displays have historically mostly been made of silicon &ndash; and the high temperatures of silicon processing are one of the key reasons why displays are manufactured on glass.What we have developed is a transistor that is made of organic polymers, which can be processed at much lower temperatures and is inherently flexible. These transistors perform exactly the same function as the silicon ones that they replace, but because of their low manufacturing temperature (100&deg;C), they can be built directly onto plastic films, giving the same performance while allowing conformed and shaped displays. We have called these displays <a href="https://www.flexenable.com/technology/flexible-olcd/" target="_blank">Organic LCDs</a> (OLCDs).<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KIzkzabSPU8?&wmode=opaque" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable"></iframe> OLCDs have the same structure as glass LCDs with the benefit of being thinner, lighter and shatterproof. They work in the same way as glass LCDs and are manufactured using the same techniques and equipment. With LCD being the dominant technology today, OLCD is the next logical step for display manufacturers and end user companies in moving away from flat screens towards novel display shapes and designs.

You’re almost certainly reading this blog on a display, which is likely to consist of millions of pixels, each capable of displaying around a million colours.

How LCDs work

Flexible electronics isn&rsquo;t a new technology, but it has achieved a remarkable progress over the past years and has become increasingly important to many sectors such as consumer electronics, automotive, retail and healthcare. <a href="https://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/idtechex-global-research-report-on-flexible-printed-and-organic-electronics-2019-2029-forecasts-players--opportunities-300799688.html" target="_blank">IDTechEx analysts forecast</a> that the total market for printed, flexible and organic electronics will grow from $31.7 billion in 2018 to $77.3 billion in 2029.&nbsp;Flexible electronics is a technology that allows you to build electronic circuits on flexible substrates thus making them bendable and stretchable. It enables new product paradigms that aren&rsquo;t possible with conventional semiconductors and glass substrates. Here we explore some of the attributes of flexible electronics that make this tech attractive to product designers and consumers alike.<h2>Flexible</h2>Transistors can be made from either inorganic or organic materials, or a mix of both. FlexEnable fabricates transistors using organic materials which replace the silicon and hard ceramic materials with soft, carbon-based materials. The organic thin-film transistors (OTFTs) we use are known as&nbsp;<a href="https://www.flexenable.com/services/otft-materials/" target="_blank" title="FlexiOM™">FlexiOM&trade;</a> - they are inherently flexible and have greater performance than amorphous silicon. These high-performance OTFTs can be processed at temperatures lower than 100&deg;C allowing for the use of&nbsp;lower cost thin film substrates thus enabling flexible devices.While flexible electronics have many applications, at FlexEnable we are primarily focused on flexible displays. Yet, our flexible OTFT platform can drive&nbsp;<a href="https://www.flexenable.com/technology/flexible-sensor-arrays/" target="_blank">flexible sensors</a> and other flexible devices. This platform has enabled the development of <a href="https://www.flexenable.com/technology/flexible-olcd/" target="_blank">flexible organic LCD</a>s&nbsp;(OLCDs) that can bend down to 10mm and be scaled to large areas making them suitable for a range of applications including automotive, consumer electronics, smart home appliances and digital signage.<h2>Light and thin</h2>Display thickness and weight are especially important features for applications that require large area displays such as automotive and digital signage. Using a flexible substrate (instead of glass) in combination with organic transistors helps make the whole stack very thin. For example at FlexEnable we use low-cost bio-based substrates such as TAC (tri acetyl cellulose) which are just a fraction of a tenth of a millimetre thick. As a result the entire OLCD is just 0.3mm thick (without the backlight). Moreover, the thinness and flexibility of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.flexenable.com/newsroom/breakthrough-in-glass-free-olcd-technology-enables-bezel-less-displays-for-notebooks/" target="_blank">OLCD enables bezel-less displays</a> through curved edges and folded borders. This brings huge value in applications like notebooks and tablets where borderless means bigger displays for the same sized device. <a href="https://www.flexenable.com/Blog/why-certain-plastic-substrates-are-an-ideal-alternative-to-glass-for-lcd/" target="_blank">The extreme thinness of TAC substrates also brings optical advantages to OLCD.</a><h2>Unbreakable</h2>One property of flexible electronics which deserves to be highlighted is their robustness. This makes a great difference for applications such as wearables, notebooks and other consumer electronics which traditionally feature glass-based displays or sensors. Incorporating an unbreakable, glass-free active matrix display could become a unique selling point for consumers.<h2>Cost advantage</h2>The processes and materials for manufacturing flexible electronics differ, but the aim is to make them lower cost than conventional electronics. <a href="https://www.flexenable.com/blog/enabling-flexible-electronics-from-the-roll/" target="_blank">Roll to roll printing</a> has been long considered the ultimate approach to the cost-effective manufacture of electronics over large and small areas. It will remove the waste of materials currently incurred in factories and will drive product costs down. However, there are a few steps to overcome before roll to roll printing becomes the norm.At FlexEnable we have developed a practical approach to the cost-effective manufacture of flexible electronics for flexible displays and sensors. Our processes are compatible with existing flat panel display lines meaning that all of the existing equipment can be reused. A maximum processing temperature below 100&deg;C allows for the use of&nbsp;lower cost flexible substrates (e.g. TAC) and minimises&nbsp;distortion (improves yield), whilst enabling a low cost, high yield method of handling flexible substrates.<h2>Innovation</h2>For brands and designers to keep innovating and developing next generation products, they need tools and components that will enable them to do this. Flexible electronics allow the development of flexible components such as flexible displays and sensors which remove form factor constraints and give designers creative freedom. A typical example is the automotive industry where designers are already thinking outside the box by reinventing the car interior with the help of flexible displays. French company Novares, for example, has demonstrated how flexible display technology can help improve design and safety by integrating conformable OLCDs supplied by FlexEnable&nbsp;into the interior of their demo car&nbsp;<a href="https://www.novaresteam.com/our-solutions/novacar-2-an-open-innovation-lab/" target="_blank">Nova Car 2</a>.

Flexible electronics isn’t a new technology, but it has achieved a remarkable progress over the past years and has become increasingly important to many sectors such as consumer electronics, automotive, retail and healthcare.

Five benefits of flexible electronics for displays and sensors

Over the years we have seen analogue dashboards being replaced by digital dashboards, touch-screen infotainment systems being introduced and rear-seat entertainment displays becoming an add-on option for many models.Surface-integrated displays have become such an important part of the car interior that <a href="https://www.displaydaily.com/article/display-daily/automotive-is-becoming-a-driver-for-display-technology" target="_blank" title="automotive is becoming a driver for display technology">automotive is becoming a driver for display technology</a>. As challenging as it can be to implement new technologies in cars, it is exciting to witness the revolutionary change that is happening to the vehicle interior.Here are three display technologies under development that can have a big impact on the safety and comfort of passengers, and on creating a more personal interior in the future.<h3>3D displays</h3>Companies like Bosch and Jaguar Land Rover are working on 3D displays that can relay real time safety information. <a href="https://techcrunch.com/2019/08/12/bosch-is-working-on-glasses-free-3d-displays-for-in-car-use/" target="_blank" title="Bosh’s approach sees the instrument panel become a 3D display">Bosch&rsquo;s approach sees the instrument panel become a 3D display</a> that shows crucial and time sensitive warnings. These include collision warning, or warning for lane departure or blind spots.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1583823472073-122607-bosh3dautodisplay.jpg">Source: Bosch&nbsp;<a href="https://media.jaguarlandrover.com/news/2019/08/jaguar-land-rover-develops-immersive-3d-car-experience-head-display-research" target="_blank" title="Jaguar Land Rover">Jaguar Land Rover</a>, on the other hand, is bringing immersive 3D capability to next generation head-up displays that can also project safety alerts. The company is also carrying out research on how this innovative system can offer passengers 3D entertainment in future autonomous vehicles.&nbsp;<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1583823501537-122745-jlr3dautodisplay.jpg">Source: Jaguar Land Rover&nbsp;<h3>AR head-up-displays</h3>Head-up displays (also known as HUDs) show information in line of sight of the driver, reducing dangerous distractions. Some of them project information onto the windshield while other project it on a separate screen.Introduced by General Motors in 1988, the first head-up display has been used to show speed and other basic readings from the dashboard. The technology has progressed a lot since then with HUDs becoming increasingly common in many new car models.Now, augmented reality (AR) systems are becoming the new version of head-up displays. They promise to make driving even more comfortable and safe. An AR head-up display makes the information appear as part of the driving situation itself, i.e. it overlays it on top of what you&#39;re actually seeing in the real world. For example the display can highlight the lane you need to be in and when you need to turn.A Swiss start-up called WayRay grabbed the media attention back in 2018 when it showed its aftermarket solution, called Navion. <a href="https://www.autoevolution.com/news/wayray-navion-the-augmented-reality-head-up-display-129028.html" target="_blank" title="WayRay has developed a holographic augmented reality display">WayRay has developed a holographic augmented reality display</a> that serves as a navigation system for cars. The device takes the maps currently used by GPS apps and overlays them on the real world environment making all the information relayed to the driver seem like part of the environment. With <a href="https://venturebeat.com/2018/09/18/porsche-leads-80-million-investment-in-wayray-to-bring-holographic-ar-displays-to-cars/" target="_blank" title="Porsche being one of the key investors">Porsche being one of the key investors</a>, we expect to hear more from WayRay in the future.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1583823533942-123231-wayrayarhead-updisplay.jpg">Source: WayRay&nbsp;Curved and shaped displaysIn 2018 I reported on <a href="https://www.flexenable.com/Blog/the-need-for-large-area-flexible-displays-in-automotive-interiors/" target="_blank">the trend for large area displays in automotive interiors</a>. Mechanical dashboards are replaced by digital ones, the centre console is turning into a big touch-screen and more screens are appearing elsewhere in the car providing information and passengers&rsquo; entertainment. This trend continues and could be seen at the <a href="https://www.cnet.com/roadshow/videos/the-dashboard-is-evolving-at-the-2019-frankfurt-motor-show/" target="_blank" title="Frankfurt Auto Show 2019">Frankfurt Auto Show 2019</a> too.Along with the increase of display size, there is <a href="https://www.flexenable.com/Blog/digital-side-view-mirrors-come-to-life/" target="_blank">a trend to replace the side-view mirrors with digital side-view mirrors</a>. This means that displays have to be integrated into the car interior and fit in well with other components, for example the A-pillar.Flat glass displays aren&rsquo;t seen as a sustainable solution to meet the evolving vehicle HMI requirements and new flexible display technologies are needed such as <a href="https://www.flexenable.com/technology/flexible-olcd/" target="_blank">Organic LCD</a> (OLCD). OLCD is a glass-free display technology that combines the benefits of auto-qualified LCD technology with the inherent flexibility of a high-performance organic-thin-film transistor (OTFT) backplane (which replaces the amorphous-silicon backplane used in glass displays). It enables conformable and shapeable displays that can be scaled to large area sizes in the same way glass LCD is scaled. Because of OLCD&rsquo;s high-brightness and long lifetime, OLCD is a viable technology to meet automotive display requirements. Moreover, OLCD provides a route to bezel-less and ultra-high contrast displays.<iframe src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/KIzkzabSPU8?&wmode=opaque" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" style="width: 1110px; height: 621px;"></iframe> Recently, global plastic solutions provider Novares showed Nova Car #2 highlighting three example applications of surface-integrated displays in next generation vehicle interiors using OLCD. These included a central S-shaped touch system consisting of twin 12.1&rdquo; OLCDs, left and right side 4.68&rdquo; OLCD concave side-mirror replacement displays and a 4.68&rdquo; OLCD passenger HMI touch screen integrated with the rear door panel.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1583823607305-093007-novares-flexview-max-01.jpg">Source: Novares&nbsp;

The automotive industry is increasingly one of the biggest adopters of new display technologies.

Display technologies to watch in automotive

Head-mounted devices for virtual and augmented reality come in different shapes and sizes from the minimal Google Glass to the fully immersive HTC vive. At it’s core, head-mounted displays (HMDs) consist of two primary structural elements: optics and image displays.

Display technologies for Augmented and Virtual Reality

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LCD

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