The body regulates its metabolism precisely and continuously, with specialised cells in the pancreas constantly monitoring the amount of sugar in the blood, for example. When this blood sugar level increases after a meal, the body sets a signal cascade in motion in order to bring it back down.In people suffering from diabetes, this regulatory mechanism no longer works exactly as it should. Those affected therefore have too much sugar in their blood and need to measure their blood sugar level and inject themselves with insulin in order to regulate it. This is a relatively imprecise approach compared to the body’s own mechanism.<h2>Equipping cells with special functions</h2>Martin Fussenegger is Professor of Biotechnology and Bioengineering at the Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering of ETH Zurich in Basel. With the above situation in mind, he and his team have been working on cell therapies for some time. One day, the hope is that these therapies will allow metabolic diseases such as diabetes to be treated individually and precisely – or even cured.But how do these cell therapies work? First, the researchers modify human cells by incorporating a network of genes that give the cells special abilities. These cells are <a>implanted</a> under the skin, for example, and the network is activated by a specific external stimulus.<h2>A suitable switch is key</h2>To that end, the researchers have developed various types of switches over recent years. Some can be controlled electrically, others with light, and one even using music by the British rock band Queen (see <a href="https://ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2023/08/cells-with-an-ear-for-music-release-insulin.html">ETH News</a>).The researchers in Basel have now developed another variant, which they have presented in the journal <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01350-7">Nature Biomedical Engineering.</a>“For me, this solution is the best gene switch that my group and I have built so far,” says Fussenegger. The reason is that the switch can be triggered using the long-established active ingredient nitroglycerine, and that the means of application – sticking a patch to the skin – is very simple. Corresponding patches are already available to buy in various sizes in any pharmacy.Nitroglycerine quickly diffuses out of the patch and into the skin, where it encounters an implant that contains modified human kidney cells.<h2>Network activated by nitric oxide</h2>These cells specifically intercept the nitroglycerine and have a built-in enzyme that converts it into nitric oxide (NO), a natural signalling molecule. In the body, NO normally causes blood vessels to dilate, leading to increased blood flow. It is broken down within a few seconds and therefore only affects a very localised area.The implanted cells are modified so that NO triggers the production and release of the chemical messenger GLP-1, which in turn boosts insulin release by the beta cells of the pancreas and thus regulates blood sugar level. GLP-1 also triggers a feeling of satiety, thereby reducing food intake.The new switch is made exclusively of human constituents – that is, it contains no components from other species. “That’s a new and groundbreaking feature,” says Fussenegger. With components from other species, there is always a risk of false triggering, interference with the body’s own processes, or immune reactions. “Here, we’re able to rule that out.”<h2>A whole arsenal of switches</h2>In the last 20 years, the ETH professor has developed various different gene switches, some of which respond to physical triggers such as current, sound waves or light. Which type has the best chance of being implemented one day?“Physical triggers are interesting because we don’t need to use molecules that interfere with the body’s own processes,” the biotechnologist says. He explains that electrical signals are ideal for controlling switches and gene networks using portable electronics such as smartphones or smartwatches – and AI can then be incorporated, too. “I therefore think electrogenetic cell therapies have the best chances of implementation. In terms of chemical switches, I see the new solution as being in pole position,” says Fussenegger.However, the further development of these cell therapies based on gene switches is a complex and lengthy process. “Developing a cell therapy to market maturity not only takes decades but also requires lots of staff and sufficient resources,” says the researcher. “There’s no shortcut.”Until now, Fussenegger’s work has focused mainly on cell therapies for diabetes, which is one of the world’s most prevalent metabolic diseases, affecting one in ten people. “That’s the model disease we work with. Fundamentally, however, it’s also possible to develop cell therapies for other metabolic, autoimmune or even neurodegenerative diseases – in principle, for everything that requires dynamic regulation.” According to Fussenegger, many drugs are like a hammer that is used to strike at a problem blindly. “Cell therapies, on the other hand, solve the problem in a similar way to the body,” he says.<h2>Reference</h2>Mahameed M, Xue S, Danuser B, Charpin-El Hamri G, Xie M, Fussenegger M: Nitroglycerin-responsive gene switch for the on-demand production of therapeutic proteins, Nature Biomedical Engineering, 14 February 2025, doi: <a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41551-025-01350-7">external page10.1038/s41551-025-01350-7</a>

A skin patch with nitroglycerine is the switch that controls an implant underneath (symbolic image). (Image: Josef Kuster / ETH Zurich)

ETH researchers have developed a new gene switch that can be activated using a commercially available nitroglycerine patch applied to the skin. One day, researchers want to use switches of this kind to trigger cell therapies for various metabolic diseases.

A new switch for the cell therapies of the future

<html><head></head><body>Researchers at ITMO University rolled out their far-field wireless technology for low-power devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) and smart home sensors detecting motion, temperature, humidity, and other parameters. They generally run on batteries or wires. The technology is the first in Russia to enable wireless charging of gadgets within a distance of up to a few meters and beyond, while also remaining safe for humans and the environment.Many IoT and smart home devices, such as alarms, need wires to connect to their power source, whereas smart sensors use batteries that must be regularly replaced. One solution to the problem can be wireless power technology, akin to wireless chargers for smartphones, with a special charging stand and a built-in transmitting coil. The stand generates an alternating magnetic field, and the coil inside it converts the field back into electric current. However, the technology can only function if the transmitting and receiving coils are located in close proximity, which makes it inapplicable for smart homes.&nbsp;A group of scientists from ITMO’s Faculty of Physics demonstrated the first Russian technology that can charge IoT and smart home devices wirelessly at a distance of up to several meters. The technology has a few analogs in the world – but none in Russia so far.<blockquote>“The field we’re working in, that is wireless charging over long distances, is promising and rapidly growing. Unlike its analogs, our technology allows the transmitter and receiver to be located anywhere from tens to hundreds of meters away from one another, depending on the task. Energy in this system is transmitted using propagating electromagnetic waves,” explains Polina Kapitanova, a senior researcher at ITMO's Faculty of Physics.</blockquote><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1741847115446-1420101.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The circular-polarized transmitting and receiving antenna. Photo by Dmitry Grigoryev / ITMO NEWSThe solution consists of two small units: a transmitter and a receiver. The generator in the transmitter creates a radio frequency signal, the power of which is increased via an amplifier. A filter eliminates the reflection of electromagnetic waves at the operating frequency from the transmitting antenna back to the amplifier, as well as prevents the passage of waves outside the operating frequency range. The transmitting antenna emits waves that propagate in the air in a given direction, reach the receiver antenna, and are then converted into alternating current. A receiver rectifier converts alternating current into direct current. And, finally, the power management system accumulates energy, converts the current and voltage parameters in accordance with the type of the connected device and transmits energy to it every few seconds.The development team includes experts from ITMO’s Faculty of Physics: Andrey Kuzmichev, Polina Terentyeva, Alexander Zolotarev, Pavel Smirnov, Sutanu Chatterjee, Eugene Koreshin, and Polina Kapitanova.<blockquote>“The transmitter emits up to 1.5W, which is a safe amount of energy for people and the environment as stated in the sanitary and global standards developed by the world’s largest community of electronics engineers, IEEE. The energy transmitted by the electromagnetic waves is distributed within a large working area, some portion of which dissipates in the air, causing only several milliwatts to reach the receiver in the end. This amount is enough to charge a few low-powered devices (or sensors) located within the working area of one transmitter, which equals to 0.8х1.2m,” concludes Andrey Kuzmichev, a laboratory assistant at ITMO’s Faculty of Physics.&nbsp;</blockquote><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1741847145846-1420100.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Andrey Kuzmichev and Eugene Koreshin. Photo by Dmitry Grigoryev / ITMO NEWSThe developed device can be widely used for smart home systems, as an electromagnetic energy transmitter installed inside a ceiling can ensure a steady supply of energy to smart sensors on walls. Moreover, the technology can be easily scaled up – by simply placing an unlimited number of transmitters along the wall or within the entire area of the room.<blockquote>“The technology’s scalability is especially important for industrial needs. For instance, storage facilities today are highly automated and hence require monitoring of varied parameters, from positioning of cargo to air temperature and humidity. Their configuration also changes dynamically, which makes powering each sensor complicated and changing batteries – sometimes even impossible. What we offer is a module-based system that allows us to create areas within which many low-powered sensors can be charged wirelessly,” notes Eugene Koreshin, a junior researcher at ITMO’s Faculty of Physics.&nbsp;</blockquote><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1741847174337-1420102.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">The wireless power transfer system. The transmitters are fixed above and the receiver can be placed anywhere on the wall. Photo by Dmitry Grigoryev / ITMO NEWSThe team is planning to adapt the technology and propose new solutions for industrial needs. For example, the operating area, the distance between the transmitter and the receiver, as well as the emitted power can be optimized to meet desired technological requirements.</body></html>

The transmitter within the wireless power transfer system. Photo by Dmitry Grigoryev / ITMO NEWS

Researchers at ITMO University rolled out their far-field wireless technology for low-power devices such as Internet of Things (IoT) and smart home sensors detecting motion, temperature, humidity, and other parameters.

First Russian Wireless Charging Technology for IoT and Smart Homes Developed at ITMO

Innovative semiconductor solutions are essential for addressing ADAS sensor integration challenges, including power management, communication reliability, and safety enhancements, enabling smarter and safer automotive systems.

Overcoming ADAS Sensor Challenges with Nexperia: Insights from Nandor Bodo

In the future, autonomous drones could be used to shuttle inventory between large warehouses. A drone might fly into a semi-dark structure the size of several football fields, zipping along hundreds of identical aisles before docking at the precise spot where its shipment is needed.Most of today’s drones would likely struggle to complete this task, since drones typically navigate outdoors using GPS, which doesn’t work in indoor environments. For indoor navigation, some drones employ computer vision or lidar, but both techniques are unreliable in dark environments or rooms with plain walls or repetitive features.MIT researchers have introduced a new approach that enables a drone to self-localize, or determine its position, in indoor, dark, and low-visibility environments. Self-localization is a key step in autonomous navigation.The researchers developed a system called <a href="https://www.mit.edu/~fadel/papers/mmDrone-infocom2025.pdf" target="_blank" data-lf-fd-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">MiFly</a>, in which a drone uses radio frequency (RF) waves, reflected by a single tag placed in its environment, to autonomously self-localize.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/TyySRwsUpbY?&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe>Because MiFly enables self-localization with only one small tag, which could be affixed to a wall like a sticker, it would be cheaper and easier to implement than systems that require multiple tags. In addition, since the MiFly tag reflects signals sent by the drone, rather than generating its own signal, it can be operated with very low power.Two off-the-shelf radars mounted on the drone enable it to localize in relation to the tag. Those measurements are fused with data from the drone’s onboard computer, which enables it to estimate its trajectory.The researchers conducted hundreds of flight experiments with real drones in indoor environments, and found that MiFly consistently localized the drone to within fewer than 7 centimeters.“As our understanding of perception and computing improves, we often forget about signals that are beyond the visible spectrum. Here, we’ve looked beyond GPS and computer vision to millimeter waves, and by doing so, we’ve opened up new capabilities for drones in indoor environments that were not possible before,” says Fadel Adib, associate professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, director of the Signal Kinetics group in the MIT Media Lab, and senior author of a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mit.edu/~fadel/papers/mmDrone-infocom2025.pdf" target="_blank" data-lf-fd-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">paper on MiFly</a>.Adib is joined on the paper by co-lead authors and research assistants Maisy Lam and Laura Dodds; Aline Eid, a former postdoc who is now an assistant professor at the University of Michigan; and Jimmy Hester, CTO and co-founder of Atheraxon, Inc. The research will be presented at the IEEE Conference on Computer Communications.<h2>Backscattered signals</h2>To enable drones to self-localize within dark, indoor environments, the researchers decided to utilize millimeter wave signals. Millimeter waves, which are commonly used in modern radars and 5G communication systems, work in the dark and can travel through everyday materials like cardboard, plastic, and interior walls.They set out to create a system that could work with just one tag, so it would be cheaper and easier to implement in commercial environments. To ensure the device remained low power, they designed a backscatter tag that reflects millimeter wave signals sent by a drone’s onboard radar. The drone uses those reflections to self-localize.But the drone’s radar would receive signals reflected from all over the environment, not just the tag. The researchers surmounted this challenge by employing a technique called modulation. They configured the tag to add a small frequency to the signal it scatters back to the drone.“Now, the reflections from the surrounding environment come back at one frequency, but the reflections from the tag come back at a different frequency. This allows us to separate the responses and just look at the response from the tag,” Dodds says.However, with just one tag and one radar, the researchers could only calculate distance measurements. They needed multiple signals to compute the drone’s location.Rather than using more tags, they added a second radar to the drone, mounting one horizontally and one vertically. The horizontal radar has a horizontal polarization, which means it sends signals horizontally, while the vertical radar would have a vertical polarization.They incorporated polarization into the tag’s antennas so it could isolate the separate signals sent by each radar.“Polarized sunglasses receive a certain polarization of light and block out other polarizations. We applied the same concept to millimeter waves,” Lam explains.In addition, they applied different modulation frequencies to the vertical and horizontal signals, further reducing interference.<h2>Precise location estimation</h2>This dual-polarization and dual-modulation architecture gives the drone’s spatial location. But drones also move at an angle and rotate, so to enable a drone to navigate, it must estimate its position in space with respect to six degrees of freedom — with trajectory data including pitch, yaw, and roll in addition to the usual forward/backward, left/right, and up/down.“The drone rotation adds a lot of ambiguity to the millimeter wave estimates. This is a big problem because drones rotate quite a bit as they are flying,” Dodds says.They overcame these challenges by utilizing the drone’s onboard inertial measurement unit, a sensor that measures acceleration as well as changes in altitude and attitude. By fusing this information with the millimeter wave measurements reflected by the tag, they enable MiFly to estimate the full six-degree-of-freedom pose of the drone in only a few milliseconds.They tested a MiFly-equipped drone in several indoor environments, including their lab, the flight space at MIT, and the dim tunnels beneath the campus buildings. The system achieved high accuracy consistently across all environments, localizing the drone to within 7 centimeters in many experiments.In addition, the system was nearly as accurate in situations where the tag was blocked from the drone’s view. They achieved reliable localization estimates up to 6 meters from the tag.That distance could be extended in the future with the use of additional hardware, such as high-power amplifiers, or by improving the radar and antenna design. The researchers also plan to conduct further research by incorporating MiFly into an autonomous navigation system. This could enable a drone to decide where to fly and execute a flight path using millimeter wave technology.“The infrastructure and localization algorithms we build up for this work are a strong foundation to go on and make them more robust to enable diverse commercial applications,” Lam says.

MIT researchers developed a system that enables a drone to determine its position in 6D space in indoor, dark, or low-visibility environments using radio frequency waves. The drone has 2 radars; the horizontal radar has a horizontal polarization, which means it sends signals horizontally, while the vertical radar would have a vertical polarization. Image: Figures courtesy the researchers; edited by MIT News

A new low-power system using radio frequency waves takes a major step toward autonomous, indoor drone navigation.

Engineers enable a drone to determine its position in the dark and indoors

Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have invented an entirely new field of microscopy, nuclear spin microscopy. The team can visualize magnetic signals of nuclear magnetic resonance with a microscope. Quantum sensors convert the signals into light, enabling extremely high-resolution optical imaging.<figure><source media="(min-width: 43.75em)" srcset="/fileadmin/user_upload_87/_processed_/c/8/csm_DSC04134-__c_Christoph_Hohmann_MCQST_b185e77095.webp" type="image/webp"><source media="(min-width: 31.25em)" srcset="/fileadmin/user_upload_87/_processed_/c/8/csm_DSC04134-__c_Christoph_Hohmann_MCQST_5bc3a4e571.webp" type="image/webp"><source srcset="/fileadmin/user_upload_87/_processed_/c/8/csm_DSC04134-__c_Christoph_Hohmann_MCQST_0e0d9781b5.webp" type="image/webp"></figure>Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanners are known for their ability to look deep into the human body and create images of organs and tissues. The new method, published in the journal&nbsp;<a href="https://www.professoren.tum.de/en/bucher-dominik" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Nature Communications</a>, extends this technique to the realm of microscopic detail. "The quantum sensors used make it possible to convert magnetic resonance signals into optical signals. These signals are captured by a camera and displayed as images," explains&nbsp;<a href="https://www.professoren.tum.de/en/bucher-dominik" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Dominik Bucher</a>, Professor for&nbsp;<a href="https://www.professoren.tum.de/en/bucher-dominik" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Quantum Sensing</a> and researcher at the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mcqst.de/index.html" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">Cluster of Excellence Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology (MCQST)</a>.<header><h2>Diamond chip acts as a quantum sensor</h2></header>The resolution of the new MRI microscope reaches ten-millionths of a meter - that is so fine that even the structures of individual cells can be made visible in the future. At the heart of the new microscope is a tiny diamond chip. This diamond, specially prepared at the atomic level, serves as a highly sensitive quantum sensor for MRI magnetic fields. When irradiated with laser light, it generates a fluorescent signal containing the MRI signal's information. This signal is recorded with a high-speed camera and enables images with a significantly higher resolution down to the microscopic level.<header><h2>A wide range of practical applications are possible</h2></header>The potential applications of magnetic resonance microscopy are up-and-coming: In cancer research, individual cells could be examined in detail to gain new insights into tumor growth and spread. In pharmaceutical research, the technology could be used to efficiently test and optimize active ingredients at a molecular level. It also offers excellent potential in materials science, such as analyzing the chemical composition of thin-film materials or catalysts. The team has applied for a patent for its development and is already planning to develop the technology further to make it even faster and more precise. In the long term, it could become a standard tool in medical diagnostics and research. "The fusion of quantum physics and imaging opens up completely new possibilities for understanding the world at the molecular level," emphasizes first author Karl D. Briegel.<hr>PublicationsKarl D. Briegel, Nick R. von Grafenstein, Julia C. Draeger, Peter Blümler, Robin D. Allert &amp; Dominik B. Bucher: Optical widefield nuclear magnetic resonance microscopy, published in: Nature Communications, February 03, 2025,&nbsp;<a href="https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55003-5" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-55003-5</a>

Erstautor Karl D. Briegel (l.) mit Prof. Dominik B. Bucher und ihrem neuen Mikroskop. Credit: Christoph Hohmann / MCQST

Researchers at the Technical University of Munich (TUM) have invented an entirely new field of microscopy, nuclear spin microscopy. The team can visualize magnetic signals of nuclear magnetic resonance with a microscope.

A completely new type of microscopy based on quantum sensors

"Our work provides a proof-of-concept showing a path to a single-step method that could be used to identify and measure nucleic acids and proteins," says Paul Rothemund (BS '94), a visiting associate at Caltech in computing and mathematical sciences, and computation and neural systems.A<a href="https://www.pnas.org/doi/10.1073/pnas.2311279121">&nbsp;paper</a> describing the work recently appeared in the journal&nbsp;Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. The lead authors of the paper are former Caltech postdoctoral scholar Byoung-jin Jeon and current graduate student Matteo M. Guareschi, who completed the work in Rothemund's lab.In 2006, Rothemund published the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.nature.com/articles/nature04586">first paper on DNA origami</a>, a technique that provides simple yet exquisite control over the design of molecular structures at the nanoscale using nothing more than DNA.Essentially DNA origami enables long strands of DNA to fold, through self-assembly, into any desired shape. (In the 2006 paper, Rothemund famously used the technique to create miniature DNA smiley faces measuring 100 nanometers across and 2 nanometers thick). Researchers begin with a long strand of DNA, the scaffold, in solution. Because the nucleotide bases that make up DNA bind in a known way (adenine binds to thymine, and guanine binds to cytosine), the scientists can add hundreds of short sequences of complementary DNA knowing they will bind to the scaffold on either end at known locations. Those short, added pieces of DNA fold the scaffold and give it shape, acting as "staples" that hold the structure together. The technique can then be used to create shapes ranging from a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn8853-dna-origami-creates-map-of-the-americas/">map of North and South America</a> to nanoscale transistors.In the new work, Rothemund and his colleagues used DNA origami to create a lilypad-like structure—a flat, circular surface about 100 nanometers in diameter, tethered by a DNA linker to a gold electrode. Both the lilypad and the electrode have short DNA strands available to bind with an analyte, a molecule of interest in solution—whether that be a molecule of DNA, a protein, or an antibody. When the analyte binds to those short strands, the lilypad gets pulled down to the gold surface, bringing 70 reporter molecules on the lilypad (which indicate that the targeted molecule is present) into contact with the gold surface. These reporters are redox reactive molecules, meaning they can easily lose electrons during a reaction. So, when they get sufficiently close to an electrode, an electric current can be observed. A stronger current indicates that more of the molecule of interest is present.Previously, a similar approach to making biosensors was developed using a single DNA strand rather than a DNA origami structure. That earlier work was led by Kevin W. Plaxco (PhD '94) of UC Santa Barbara, who is also an author of the current paper.Caltech's Guareschi points out that the new lilypad origami is large compared to a single DNA strand. "That means it can fit 70 reporters on a single molecule and keep them away from the surface before binding. Then when the analyte is bound and the lilypad reaches the electrode, there is a large signal gain, making the change easy to detect," Guareschi says.The relatively large size of the lilypad origami also means that the system can readily accommodate and detect larger molecules, such as large proteins. In the new paper, the team showed that the two short DNA strands on the lilypad and the gold surface could be used as adapters, making it a sensor for proteins rather than for DNA. In the work, the researchers added the vitamin biotin to those short DNA strands to turn the system into a sensor for the protein streptavidin. Then they added a DNA aptamer, a DNA strand that can bind to a specific protein; in this case, they used an aptamer that binds to a protein called platelet-derived growth factor BB (PDGF-BB), which could be used to help diagnose diseases such as cirrhosis and inflammatory bowel disease."We just add these simple molecules to the system, and it's ready to sense something different," Guareschi says. "It's large enough to accommodate whatever you throw at it—that could be aptamers, nanobodies, fragments of antibodies—and it doesn't need to be completely redesigned every time."The researchers also show that the sensor can be reused several times, with new adapters added each round for different detections. Although the performance slightly degrades over time, the current system could be reused at least four times.In the future, the team hopes the system might also be useful for proteomics—studies that determine what proteins are in a sample and at what concentrations. "You could have multiple sensors at the same time with different analytes, and then you could do a wash, switch the analytes, and remeasure. And you could do that several times," Guareschi says. "Within a few hours, you could measure hundreds of proteins using a single system."Additional authors of the paper, "Modular DNA origami-based electrochemical detection of DNA and proteins," are Jaimie M. Stewart of UCLA; Emily Wu and Ashwin Gopinath of MIT, Netzahualcóyotl Arroyo-Currás of Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Philippe Dauphin-Ducharme of the Université de Sherbrooke in Canada; and Philip S. Lukeman of St. John's University in New York.The team used fabrication equipment at the<a href="https://kni.caltech.edu/">&nbsp;Kavli Nanoscience Institute</a> at Caltech. The work was supported by the Army Research Office, the Office of Naval Research, the National Science Foundation, and the Life Sciences Research Foundation supported by Merck Research Laboratories.

A coarse-grained model of the DNA origami lilypad used in the study. The tails hanging down indicate where redox reporters are located. For scale, the diameter of the disk is approximately 80 nm. Credit: Model: Matteo Guareschi/Caltech; Software: OxView

Using an approach called DNA origami, scientists at Caltech have developed a technique that could lead to cheaper, reusable biomarker sensors for quickly detecting proteins in bodily fluids, eliminating the need to send samples out to lab centers for testing.

DNA Origami Suggests Route to Reusable, Multifunctional Biosensors

Windshield fogging is a common yet potentially hazardous issue that affects drivers. It occurs when moisture-laden air within the vehicle condenses on the windshield, impairing visibility and increasing the risk of accidents. This phenomenon is especially prevalent in colder climates where temperature differentials between the cabin and the outside environment create perfect conditions for condensation to form. Traditional methods of combating windshield fog such as manually adjusting the defroster, are often inefficient and inconvenient for drivers.This article discusses how temperature and humidity sensors, particularly the ScioSense&nbsp;<a href="https://www.sciosense.com/wss2-windshield-anti-fogging-sensor/" target="_blank">WSS2</a>, provide an automated solution for preventing windshield fogging. These sensors help detect condensation risks in real time, allowing climate control systems to respond proactively before visibility is compromised.&nbsp;<h1>The Science Behind Foggy Windshield</h1>The air inside a vehicle cabin often contains a certain amount of moisture vapor generated from various sources, such as the occupants' breath, perspiration, and vapor from beverages. When this warm, humid air comes into contact with the relatively cold surface of the windshield, the temperature of the air near the glass drops. This temperature drop reduces the air's ability to hold moisture, causing the excess water vapor to condense into tiny droplets of liquid water on the windshield's interior surface. This creates a translucent layer that significantly impairs the driver's vision. &nbsp;&nbsp;The windshield fogging is directly related to the dew point. It is the temperature at which the air becomes saturated with water vapor, and any further cooling results in condensation. Several factors influence the dew point, but the most critical are the air temperature and relative humidity. A high relative humidity means the air is holding a large percentage of the maximum amount of moisture it can contain at its current temperature. The closer the windshield temperature is to the dew point of the cabin air, the more likely condensation will occur. Therefore, understanding both the cabin's humidity and the windshield's temperature is crucial for effectively preventing fogging. &nbsp;&nbsp;<h1>Role of Temperature and Humidity Sensors in Automotive Technology</h1>Modern vehicles have sophisticated sensors to maintain optimal cabin conditions and prevent windshield fogging. Temperature and humidity sensors play a critical role in optimizing climate control systems and proactively preventing fog formation. In this regard, <a href="http://www.sciosense.com" target="_blank">ScioSense</a> offers a range of advanced sensors designed specifically for automotive applications. For instance, the <a href="https://www.sciosense.com/ens21x-family-of-high-performance-digital-temperature-and-humidity-sensors/" target="_blank">ENS21x</a> family of high-performance digital temperature and humidity sensors from ScioSense provides a versatile and highly accurate sensing solution for a wide range of applications. These sensors offer high accuracy, with temperature precision down to ±0.1°C and relative humidity accuracy as low as ±0.8% RH. The ENS21x portfolio includes multiple variants, each optimized for different use cases. For instance, ENS210A is an automotive-qualified sensor, while ENS212 and ENS211 cater to consumer electronics, smart home devices, and IoT applications.Sciosense's stand-out product for automotive windshield anti-fogging applications is the WSS2 sensor, which provides optimal energy efficiency and safety. The WSS2 sensor can integrate with the vehicle's Heating, Ventilation, and Air Conditioning (HVAC) system, which allows it to respond intelligently to changing conditions. &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<img border="0" width="623" height="385" src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1740030853885-1740030853885.png" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><h1>Deep Dive into the ScioSense WSS2</h1>The ScioSense WSS2 is an anti-fogging sensor engineered to enhance driving safety and HVAC efficiency. WSS2 sensor offers highly accurate measurements of temperature and humidity, allowing automotive manufacturers to implement proprietary dew point calculations. Continuous monitoring of these parameters allows the vehicle's system to proactively anticipate the potential for fogging and activate the appropriate climate control functions before visibility is compromised. This sensor is specifically designed to monitor and detect moisture accumulation on the windshield in real time with a dew point accuracy of ±1°C.The ScioSense WSS2 is built to meet strict automotive industry standards. It complies with AEC-Q100, which is a stress test qualification for automotive-grade integrated circuits, ensuring durability in extreme temperature and vibration conditions. WSS2 also adheres to ISO/IATF 16949:2016, a globally recognized quality management system (QMS) standard for the automotive sector, focusing on defect prevention and continuous improvement in manufacturing processes. Moreover, the sensor meets German automotive process audit standard VDA 6.3&nbsp;that ensures robust quality control in the production and supply chain. These certifications affirm the WSS2's long-term reliability.The WSS2 is designed with OEM customizability, meaning Original Equipment Manufacturers (OEMs) can tailor the sensor's functionality, calibration, and integration to match specific vehicle requirements. This flexibility allows automakers to optimize the sensor's performance for different HVAC strategies, windshield geometries, and climate conditions. Moreover, WSS2's Local Interconnect Network (LIN) communication feature is a cost-effective and efficient protocol that enables data exchange between the sensor and the vehicle's climate control system, allowing for real-time adjustments to airflow and temperature.&nbsp;WSS2 has ultra-low power consumption, drawing less than 10mA at 12V, a small size of 34mm x 47mm x 12mm, and weight under 20g. This small size, low weight, and ultra-low power consumption supports automotive manufacturers in designing more energy-efficient HVAC systems.&nbsp;The WSS2 is strategically positioned near the windshield, typically in sensor clusters at the mirror base. This placement allows for precise monitoring of temperature and humidity levels where condensation is most likely to occur.<img border="0" width="623" height="217" src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1740030853913-1740030853913.png" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><h1>Applications, Sustainability, and Impact of WSS2 Sensor</h1>The WSS2 temperature and humidity sensor plays a crucial role in enhancing automotive performance, with benefits such as covering windshield anti-fogging, optimizing HVAC efficiency, and more. It enables proactive climate control adjustments, preventing condensation before it compromises visibility. This is especially beneficial in regions with cold climates, where sudden windshield fogging can pose a significant safety hazard. For example, in winter conditions, warm breath from passengers can rapidly cause fogging on a cold windshield, and without an immediate response, driver visibility can be severely impaired. The WSS2 allows the HVAC system to react in real time, clearing the fog and maintaining optimal conditions for safe driving.Moreover, as WSS2 provides precise humidity measurements, it helps optimize HVAC operation by ensuring that air conditioning and defrosting systems only engage when necessary. In conventional vehicles, this energy-efficient approach reduces fuel consumption. However, in EVs, this feature is critical as it directly impacts battery efficiency and driving range. For instance, in cold climates, where traditional defogging methods can significantly drain battery reserves, the integration of WSS2 helps optimize climate control strategies, reducing unnecessary power usage and ensuring a comfortable cabin environment. This not only translates to extended driving range and battery life but also reduces unnecessary HVAC operation and contributes to lower greenhouse gas emissions. This aligns with the global push toward eco-friendly transportation solutions, where every improvement in vehicle efficiency helps reduce the automotive sector's carbon footprint.Also, excessive humidity inside a vehicle can cause a range of issues. For instance, prolonged exposure to moisture can lead to the growth of mold and mildew within the vehicle's ventilation system, which not only produces unpleasant odors but can also negatively impact air quality and trigger respiratory issues for occupants. Therefore, by integrating the WSS2 sensor into climate control systems, vehicles can automatically adjust airflow and dehumidification settings to maintain an optimal cabin environment and ensure a healthier and more comfortable experience for both drivers and passengers.Despite the applications and advantages of temperature and humidity sensors, one of the primary concerns is ensuring precision and reliability in extreme conditions. Vehicles often operate in environments with significant temperature fluctuations, ranging from freezing cold to scorching heat. However, WSS2 overcomes this challenge by its operational temperature range from as low as -40°C to as high as 85 °C. This temperature range allows the automotive system to work effectively in harsh environmental conditions.&nbsp;<h1>Conclusion</h1>Temperature and humidity sensors play a critical role in modern automotive technology. Windshield fogging is a serious concern for drivers as it obscures visibility and can be hazardous. The ScioSense WSS2 stands out as a premier solution with high accuracy, reliability, and efficiency. The WSS2 ensures proactive fog prevention by integrating with climate control systems, contributing to safer and more comfortable driving experiences. This sensor also supports broader automotive advancements, particularly in electric vehicles, where energy efficiency is of vital importance.&nbsp;For automakers and engineers looking for cutting-edge windshield anti-fogging solutions for safer, comfortable, and more efficient vehicles, the WSS2 sensor is the best choice. To get more information about ScioSense and its advanced products, such as WSS2, visit the company's <a href="https://www.sciosense.com/" target="_blank">website</a>.<h1>References</h1><ol start="1" type="1"><li>WSS2 Windshield Anti-Fogging Sensor. [Online] ScioSense. Available at: <a href="https://www.sciosense.com/wss2-windshield-anti-fogging-sensors" target="_blank">https://www.sciosense.com/wss2-windshield-anti-fogging-sensor</a> (Accessed on February 14, 2025)</li><li>WSS2 Factsheet. [Online] ScioSense. Available at: <a href="https://www.sciosense.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/WSS2-Factsheet.pdf" target="_blank" data-lf-fd-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">https://www.sciosense.com/wp-content/uploads/2024/08/WSS2-Factsheet.pdf</a> (Accessed on February 14, 2025)</li><li>Temperature and humidity sensors. [Online] ScioSense. Available at: <a href="https://www.sciosense.com/temperature-and-humidity-sensors/" target="_blank">https://www.sciosense.com/temperature-and-humidity-sensors/</a> (Accessed on February 14, 2025)</li><li>Sciosense Website. [Online] ScioSense. Available at: <a href="https://www.sciosense.com/" target="_blank">https://www.sciosense.com/</a>&nbsp;</li></ol>

Foggy windshields can compromise safety in seconds. Discover how ScioSense’s WSS2 sensor proactively prevents condensation, enhancing visibility and optimizing HVAC efficiency for a safer, more energy-efficient drive.

Fighting Fog: The Role of Temperature and Humidity Sensors in Optimizing Vehicle Performance

In the specialized field of sensor technology, ScioSense has carved out a significant niche under the guidance of its CEO, Stefan Raible, a seasoned expert with a background in physics and a passion for environmental and chemical sensors. Starting with a small startup launched with colleagues from the University of Tübingen, he has navigated the company's transformation into a small but mighty player in the sensor industry. This interview explores his insights into the evolution of sensor technology, particularly in the automotive sector, and his strategic vision for ScioSense’s future in addressing complex technological challenges.Wevolver: Can you introduce yourself and share your journey to becoming the CEO of ScioSense and how your background in environmental and chemical sensors influences your leadership approach?&nbsp;Stefan Raible:&nbsp;With an academic background in physics, I co-founded a company focused on environmental and chemical sensors in 2001 with colleagues from the University of Tübingen. The company has since evolved into what is now known as ScioSense. I have consistently engaged in the field of sensor technology due to its potential impact on daily life. Before becoming CEO of ScioSense, I held positions within the sensor industry at AppliedSensor as CTO and CEO, and at as Osram Business Line Manager and Engineering Fellow, where I focused on R&amp;D, product development, and strategic leadership.Wevolver: Reflecting on the evolution of automotive sensors in the past decade, could you discuss the cutting-edge innovations you anticipate will drive the sector forward in the next ten years?&nbsp;Stefan Raible:&nbsp;The past decade has seen significant advancements in sensor capabilities, particularly in areas such as autonomous driving and e-mobility. Environmental sensors play an important role, for example, in optimizing HVAC system performance in vehicles, thereby prolonging range, or by supporting ADAS systems with flow sensors to ensure that all sensors remain clean and operational. Additionally, environmental sensors have become smaller, more capable, and cheaper. This enables monitoring of air quality, dew point, battery safety, and other relevant measures around vehicle operation.Looking ahead, multi-sensor fusion, AI-driven data processing, and enhanced connectivity are expected to redefine automotive sensors. The integration of environmental sensing will support this development in various ways.Wevolver: What sets ScioSense apart in its approach to sensor design and development, particularly when pioneering new technologies for the future?&nbsp;Stefan Raible: ScioSense offers scalable, customer-oriented solutions for environmental and flow sensing that aim to foster a more sustainable future. Our sensors are designed to enhance safety, prevent losses, and improve efficiency. Notable examples include ultrasonic flow sensors for detecting water loss, dew point sensors for optimizing HVAC performance, and air quality solutions for enabling demand-controlled ventilation to reduce energy consumption. These innovations are driven by our skilled international team, which collaborates seamlessly across Italy, Germany, the Netherlands, and China. We work together with customers to define the next product, so we try to have a roadmap in alignment with our key customers.<iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/W2a2IL3jIGg?&amp;feature=youtu.be&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;rel=0&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe> Wevolver: How do ScioSense's sensors make vehicles smarter, safer, and more efficient, particularly in areas like climate control, air quality monitoring, and autonomous systems?&nbsp;Stefan Raible:&nbsp;Our sensors enhance vehicle intelligence by providing real-time, high-accuracy data for various applications. In climate control, they optimize energy usage by adapting HVAC systems based on occupancy and external conditions. Our sensors detect pollutants and adjust ventilation for air quality monitoring, improving passenger comfort, health, and energy consumption.&nbsp;In battery systems, our sensors can detect thermal runaway incidents early and give warnings. In autonomous systems, our flow, environmental and gas sensors provide crucial situational awareness, ensuring safer and more reliable vehicle operations.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1740060826308-iStock-1444834064+-+Automotive+-+Li+ion+Battery+Management+.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Wevolver: Beyond automotive uses, ScioSense sensors have significant impacts in environmental monitoring and smart home applications. Could you explore how these technologies are setting new standards and expectations in these fields?&nbsp;Stefan Raible: ScioSense develops sensors that measure air quality, temperature, and humidity with high accuracy. In smart homes, these sensors facilitate intelligent climate regulation and pollutant detection, contributing to healthier indoor environments. These technologies provide real-time sensor data for better well-being.Wevolver: Sustainability is a growing priority in technology development. How is ScioSense addressing this challenge while continuing to innovate in sensor technology?&nbsp;Stefan Raible: At ScioSense, sustainability is an important concern. We emphasize energy-efficient applications and eco-friendly manufacturing processes that avoid waste. Our sensors are specifically designed to minimize power consumption while maintaining high performance, thereby reducing the overall environmental impact of the systems they integrate with.&nbsp;<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1740060860966-shutterstock_2580994211.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Wevovler: What are the primary challenges and most exciting opportunities ScioSense encounters in pushing the envelope of sensor performance over the next decade?&nbsp;Stefan Raible:&nbsp; The evolving geopolitical landscape demands new supply chain strategies and faster development cycles. Key challenges include balancing miniaturization with performance by creating compact, power-efficient sensors and integrating them into complex digital ecosystems. However, opportunities like AI-driven processing, self-calibrating sensors, and expanded IoT connectivity promise innovations in healthcare, industrial monitoring, and smart cities.&nbsp;Wevolver: How does ScioSense engage and collaborate with partners, clients, or research institutions to accelerate advancements and innovation in sensor technology?&nbsp;Stefan Raible: Collaboration and customer focus drive ScioSense’s success. We work with automotive OEMs, industrial partners, and research institutions to co-develop next-generation sensor solutions. Our joint development programs, innovation platforms, and strategic partnerships help our sensors meet industry demands and stay ahead of technological advancements.Wevovler: &nbsp;As CEO, what is your long-term vision for ScioSense? Where do you see the company in the global sensor industry landscape in the next five years?&nbsp;Stefan Raible: My vision for ScioSense is to establish itself as a leading entity for high-performance flow, environmental, and automotive sensors, renowned for our innovation, reliability, and commitment to sustainability. In the forthcoming years, I foresee an expansion of our market presence through strategic partnerships, diversification of our product portfolio, and a significant contribution to the advancement of smart sensing technologies. By maintaining a focus on continuous research and development, coupled with strategic collaborations, we aim to remain at the forefront of intelligent sensor technology.Wevolver: What advice would you offer to aspiring innovators looking to make a meaningful impact in the field of sensor technology?Stefan Raible: Innovation in sensor technology requires a combination of technical expertise, creativity, and a problem-solving mindset. My advice to aspiring innovators is to stay curious, embrace interdisciplinary collaboration, and always prioritize user needs. The most impactful breakthroughs come from those who dare to push the limits of what’s possible while maintaining a clear focus on real-world applications. Persistence and a willingness to iterate on ideas will be key to making a lasting impact in this exciting field.<h2>Final thoughts</h2>ScioSense’s contributions to sensor technology are deeply embedded in a commitment to precision, efficiency, and sustainability. The CEO’s strategic approach, rooted in rigorous R&amp;D and collaborative innovation, aims to expand how sensors enhance our interaction with environments. For those engaged in technology development, Stefan’s advice underscores the importance of a meticulous, user-centric approach to innovation and perseverance in bringing transformative solutions to market.<a href="https://www.sciosense.com/">Read more about ScioSense’s products here.&nbsp;</a>

We sit down with Sciosense CEO, Stefan Raible to discuss the future of sensors and how collaboration is key to engineering success. 

Next-Generation Sensors Built from the Intersection of Collaboration, Sustainability, and Innovation: A Conversation with ScioSense's CEO

Implantable medical devices rely on precise timekeeping to ensure their smooth operation. Real-time Clock (RTC) modules are the specialized components designed to maintain accurate timing even in medical devices such as neurostimulators, pacemakers, insulin pumps, and other essential devices.&nbsp;This article discusses the critical role of RTC modules in medical technology, and, in particular explores the features and advantages of the <a href="https://www.microcrystal.com/en/">Micro Crystal's</a> <a href="https://www.microcrystal.com/en/products/real-time-clock-rtc-modules/rv-5028-c7-medical">RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC module</a>.<h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted" data-element-id="headingsMap-4-0">The Critical Role of RTC Modules in Medical Technology</h2><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted" data-element-id="headingsMap-5-0">What are RTC Modules?</h3>Real-time clock (RTC) modules are specialized electronic components that maintain precise timekeeping. RTC modules are optimized for applications where accuracy and reliability are critical, often operating independently of a system's main power supply to ensure uninterrupted time measurement. In medical technology, their significance becomes even more pronounced. The ability of RTC modules to perform consistently makes them critical in ensuring the safe and effective operation of life-saving medical technologies.<h2 dir="ltr" data-element-id="headingsMap-6-0">Applications in Medical Devices</h2>Implantable medical devices, such as neurostimulators, cardiac monitors, and insulin pumps, are important in managing and improving patient health. These devices rely on precise timekeeping to perform their functions accurately and efficiently. For instance, neurostimulators must deliver therapeutic electrical pulses at precisely timed intervals to regulate neurological activity, and cardiac monitors and pacemakers depend on accurate timing to monitor heartbeats and respond to abnormalities in real time.&nbsp;Similarly, defibrillators require accurate timekeeping and timestamped events to assist physicians in evaluating both the heart's functionality and the defibrillator system itself. Defibrillators are critical for patients at risk of life-threatening arrhythmias, as they deliver controlled electrical shocks when abnormal heart rhythms are detected. The timestamping capabilities of RTC modules help physicians assess both the heart's behavior and the defibrillator's response during routine evaluations. In scheduled follow-ups that usually occur every 3 to 6 months, healthcare providers analyze recorded event data, including heart activity and any corrective interventions by the defibrillator. Hence, accurate timing ensures a clear identification of when specific cardiac events occurred, aiding in device optimization and overall patient care.Insulin pumps also require meticulous time-stamping to ensure the correct dosage is administered at the right moment to help patients maintain stable glucose levels.&nbsp;RTC modules are also crucial in smart implants, typically enabling precise data logging and timestamping functionalities for monitoring strength sensors within knee implants. These sensors track muscle performance and joint function. RTC modules used in these knee implants maintain precise timestamps for collected data, which help physicians monitor a patient's recovery progress over time, assess therapy effectiveness, and adjust treatment plans accordingly. This accurate timekeeping supports more personalized rehabilitation strategies.The synchronization of operations and logging of critical data provided by RTC modules is fundamental to the reliability and effectiveness of these medical technologies.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzM5ODY2NTY4NDU0LXNodXR0ZXJzdG9ja18yMzczMjM3MzA5LmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted" data-element-id="headingsMap-7-0">Challenges in Medical Environments</h2>Implantable medical devices are subjected to constant physiological movements, including vibrations from muscle contractions and shocks from sudden body motions. Such mechanical stresses can degrade electronic components over time, potentially leading to malfunctions or inaccurate timekeeping. Moreover, a reliable implantable device should function perfectly for 20 years or more, often without direct maintenance or battery replacement. This necessitates long-term stability and ensures that critical functions like data logging and synchronized operations remain precise throughout the device's lifespan. Therefore, the RTC module within these implants should be robust enough to not only withstand these conditions but also maintain accuracy and efficiency.<h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted" data-element-id="headingsMap-8-0">Features and Advantages of the RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC Module</h3>Micro Crystal's RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC module is engineered to meet the rigorous demands of implantable medical devices. For example, one of the very important advantages offered by RV-5028-C7 is its extremely low power consumption. It operates at just 45 nA at 3 V in timekeeping mode, which helps extend the lifespan of implantable devices by ensuring that they function reliably for years without frequent battery replacements or recharging.Another major benefit of the RV-5028-C7 is its ability to optimize power usage in applications with periodic activities, such as therapy sessions in neurostimulators or wireless communication in medical implants. The module allows the main microcontroller unit (MCU) to remain in a low-power sleep state while it continues to manage timekeeping and scheduled operations. This ensures that energy is only used when necessary, improving overall power efficiency without compromising functionality.The RV-5028-C7 is designed with miniaturization in mind. It is remarkably compact, measuring only 3.2 × 1.5 × 1.0 mm and weighing just 12.9 mg, which makes it ideal for modern implantable devices where size and weight constraints are critical to patient comfort and surgical feasibility.&nbsp;However, its small size does not hinder its performance in any shape or form; on the contrary, it delivers industry-leading time accuracy, factory-calibrated to ±1 ppm at 25°C, which translates to a minimal time deviation of just 0.09 seconds per day, ensuring precise synchronization of medical devices. The RV-5028-C7 can be optimized to maintain enhanced precision at body temperature upon request. This level of precision and adaptability is crucial for medical applications where timing discrepancies can lead to significant health risks. Moreover, it offers long-term aging stability, which is crucial for maintaining performance over extended periods.<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzM5ODY2NzA1NjY5LU1DX01ETV9NZWRpY2FsX0ltcGxhbnRhYmxlJkhlYWx0aGNhcmVfMTYwMHg5MDAgKDEpLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted" data-element-id="headingsMap-9-0">Long-term Hermeticity and Stability</h3>The RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC module is also designed with a ceramic lid and gold-tin preform seal to ensure exceptional hermeticity. This advanced sealing technology prevents the ingress of gases, moisture, and other contaminants that could degrade the performance of the module over time. In this regard, one of the most rigorous reliability tests for implantable components is helium leak testing, where helium's small atomic size is used to detect even microscopic seal imperfections. The RV-5028-C7 module is impermeable to helium and other gases and is stable in the long-term.In implantable medical devices, such as pacemakers and neurostimulators, where reliability is critical for patient safety, this level of hermeticity is particularly necessary since any compromise in the module's sealing could lead to performance degradation or failure.&nbsp;Moreover, the module's full-ceramic package eliminates concerns related to Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) compatibility. As the RV-5028-C7 is built using non-magnetic electronic components, it ensures the safe and accurate operation of implantable devices during MRI scans as well as minimizes interference with imaging systems, allowing for clearer diagnostic results.Therefore, RV-5028-C7 is a trusted choice for life-sustaining applications.<h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted" data-element-id="headingsMap-10-0">Programmable Features</h3>The RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC module offers a range of programmable features. For instance, the module includes a programmable clock output (Clkout), making it suitable for applications that require a low-power oscillator, such as neurostimulation, enabling precise timing control for therapeutic electrical stimulation and minimizing energy consumption.The RV-5028-C7 also allows optimized interrupt management for low-power sensor applications. It supports two independent interrupt signals, enabling efficient power management in wireless sensor-based medical implants. One interrupt is used to frequently wake up the RF transceiver to perform periodic sniffing (typically every 1-5 seconds) for communication requests. The second interrupt activates the microcontroller unit (MCU) at a lower frequency to execute sensor measurements, data processing (e.g., filtering, calculation), and data storage. This dual-interrupt mechanism ensures that sensor data is transmitted on demand while maintaining ultra-low power consumption.Moreover, the RTC module features a flexible timer and alarm system, as well as an external event input with time-stamp capabilities. These functionalities support precise scheduling and event tracking in implantable devices and ensure accurate logging of critical health data.All these features of the RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC module ultimately improve patient outcomes.<h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted" data-element-id="headingsMap-11-0">Micro Crystal's Expertise in Medical RTC Modules</h2>Micro Crystal's RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC module undergoes rigorous testing protocols, ensuring compliance with Class III implantable device standards. This classification is critical as it signifies that the module meets rigorous safety and performance requirements necessary for devices that are implanted within the human body. Moreover, Micro Crystal emphasizes traceability and customer-specific testing as integral components of their quality assurance strategy. Each module is assigned a unique identifier that allows for complete traceability throughout the production process, enabling manufacturers to verify compliance and performance standards at any stage.&nbsp;This level of transparency is crucial for medical device manufacturers, who must ensure that the components used in their products are safe and effective. Customer-specific testing can also be tailored to meet the unique requirements of different applications, providing clients with confidence in the reliability and precision of the RTC modules they incorporate into their devices.&nbsp;<h3 dir="ltr" data-element-id="headingsMap-12-0">Future Trends and Advancements</h3>When we imagine futuristic medical devices on a realistic basis, we imagine smaller, more compact and more efficient devices. Compact RTC modules will be pivotal for such next-generation implants that can effectively integrate into the human body without compromising functionality or patient comfort. For instance, their small form factor could allow for innovative designs that were previously unfeasible, leading to devices that are not only less invasive but also enhance patient mobility and lifestyle.&nbsp;Moreover, the integration of RTC modules with artificial intelligence (AI) and the Internet of Things (IoT) can also be a significant step towards smarter healthcare solutions. For instance, by connecting RTCs to broader health monitoring systems, real-time data can be collected and analyzed to provide personalized treatment plans and immediate responses to patient needs. This connectivity can further facilitate advanced features such as remote monitoring and automated alerts for healthcare providers, ultimately improving patient outcomes and operational efficiencies in medical settings.In addition to these innovations, ongoing research focuses on extending battery lifespan through further reductions in power consumption. The RV-5028-C7's already impressive low power usage sets a foundation for future developments aimed at maximizing energy efficiency in implantable devices. Continual refinement of these technologies allows manufacturers to ensure that devices remain functional over extended periods while also reducing the frequency of surgical interventions for battery replacements, ultimately enhancing patient safety and comfort.<h2 dir="ltr" data-element-id="headingsMap-13-0">Conclusion</h2>The RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC enables the development of cutting edge implantable medical devices. Its combination of low power consumption, precision, reliability, and versatility makes it a crucial component for a range of applications. Engineers and medical device manufacturers who prioritize safety, reliability, and robustness can explore the possibilities offered by this remarkable solution by requesting a sample from Micro Crystal.<h2 dir="ltr" data-element-id="headingsMap-14-0">References</h2><ol><li dir="ltr">Micro Crystal. Available at: <a href="https://www.microcrystal.com/en/">https://www.microcrystal.com/en/</a> (Accessed on January 2, 2025)</li><li dir="ltr">RV-5028-C7 Medical. [Online] Micro Crystal. Available at: <a href="https://www.microcrystal.com/en/products/real-time-clock-rtc-modules/rv-5028-c7-medical">https://www.microcrystal.com/en/products/real-time-clock-rtc-modules/rv-5028-c7-medical</a>&nbsp; (Accessed on January 2, 2025)</li><li dir="ltr">RV-5028-C7 Medical Extreme Low Power RTC Module. [Online] Micro Crystal. Available at: <a href="https://www.microcrystal.com/fileadmin/Media/Products/RTC/Datasheet/RV-5028-C7_Medical.pdf" data-lf-fd-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">https://www.microcrystal.com/fileadmin/Media/Products/RTC/Datasheet/RV-5028-C7_Medical.pdf</a> (Accessed on January 2, 2025)</li><li dir="ltr">Application Manual RV-5028-C7 Medical Extreme Low Power Real-Time Clock Module with I2C-Bus Interface. [Online] Micro Crystal. Available at: <a href="https://www.microcrystal.com/fileadmin/Media/Products/RTC/App.Manual/RV-5028-C7_Medical_App-Manual.pdf" data-lf-fd-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">https://www.microcrystal.com/fileadmin/Media/Products/RTC/App.Manual/RV-5028-C7_Medical_App-Manual.pdf</a> (Accessed on January 2, 2025)</li></ol>

Real-time Clock (RTC) modules are the specialized components designed to maintain accurate timing even in medical devices such as neurostimulators, pacemakers, insulin pumps, and other essential devices. 


The Heartbeat of Innovation: How the RV-5028-C7 Medical RTC Module Powers the Next Generation of Implantable Medical Devices

The discovery,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.ado7201">detailed in a paper publishing Jan. 31 in the journal Science</a>, could revolutionize technologies that rely on controlling light polarization, such as displays, sensors and optical communications devices.Chiral materials are special because they can twist light. One way to create them is through exciton-coupling, where light excites nanomaterials to form excitons that interact and share energy with each other. Historically, exciton-coupled chiral materials were made from organic, carbon-based molecules. Creating them from inorganic semiconductors, prized for their stability and tunable optical properties, has proven exceptionally challenging due to the precise control needed over nanomaterial interactions.Scientists from the lab of&nbsp;<a href="https://www.mse.cornell.edu/faculty-directory/richard-douglas-robinson">Richard D. Robinson</a>, associate professor of materials science and engineering in Cornell Engineering and senior author of the study, overcame this challenge by employing “<a href="https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2018/03/new-technique-simplifies-creation-nanoparticle-magic-sized-clusters">magic-sized clusters</a>” made from cadmium-based semiconductor compounds. Magic-sized clusters are unique nanoparticles because they are identical copies of each other, existing only in discrete sizes, unlike many nanoparticles that can vary continuously in size. Previous research by the Robinson Group reported that when the nanoclusters were processed into thin films, they demonstrated circular dichroism, a key signature of chirality.“Circular dichroism means the material absorbs left-handed and right-handed circularly polarized light differently, like how screw threads dictate which way something twists,” Robinson explained. “We realized that by carefully controlling the film’s drying geometry, we could control its structure and its chirality. We saw this as an opportunity to bring a property usually found in organic materials into the inorganic world.”The researchers used&nbsp;<a href="https://youtu.be/AdwQXFHGIj4">meniscus-guided evaporation</a> to twist linear nanocluster assemblies into helical shapes, forming homochiral domains several square millimeters in size. These films exhibit an exceptionally large light-matter response, surpassing previously reported record values for inorganic semiconductor materials by nearly two orders of magnitude.“I’m excited about the versatility of the method, which works with different nanocluster compositions, allowing us to tailor the films to interact with light from the ultraviolet to the infrared,” said Thomas Ugras, a doctoral student in the field of applied and engineering physics who led the research. “The assembly technique imbues not only chirality but also linear alignment onto nanocluster fibers as they deposit, making the films sensitive to both circularly and linearly polarized light, enhancing their functionality as metamaterial-like optical sensors.”This discovery could revolutionize technologies that rely on controlling light polarization, and lead to new innovations, such as holographic 3D displays, room-temperature quantum computing, ultra-low-power devices, or medical diagnostics that analyze blood glucose levels non-invasively. The findings also provide insights into the formation of natural chiral structures, such as DNA, which could inform future research in biology and nanotechnology.“We want to understand how factors like cluster size, composition, orientation and proximity influence chiroptic behavior,” Robinson said. “It’s a complex science, but demonstrating this across three different material systems tells us there’s a lot to explore and it opens new doors for research and applications.”Robinson said future work will focus on extending the technique to other materials, such as nanoplatelets and quantum dots, as well as refining the process for industrial-scale manufacturing processes that coat devices with thin films of semiconductor materials.The research was mainly supported by the National Science Foundation. A Research Travel Grant from the Cornell Graduate School aided in the data collection. Portions of the work were carried out at the Cornell Materials Research Science and Engineering Center and the Materials Solutions Network at CHESS (MSN-C), an Air Force Research Laboratory supported sub-facility of the Cornell High Energy Synchrotron Source, and at the Diamond Light Source in the United Kingdom.

Cornell scientists have developed a novel technique to transform symmetrical semiconductor particles into intricately twisted, spiral structures – or “chiral” materials – producing films with extraordinary light-bending properties.

Light-twisting materials created from nano semiconductors

Similar to how cryptocurrencies saw a shift from Web3.0 to decentralized finance, the introduction of Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks, or DePIN, seeks to decentralize control of technical resources such as computational power and wireless networks.&nbsp;Leveraging this technology, the platform <a href="https://www.aydo.ai/">AYDO</a> bridges the Internet of Things (IoT) and blockchain technologies by enabling data streaming from IoT devices to Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePINs). Their platform allows users to connect third-party IoT devices and sensors to DePIN protocols, lowering the cost and complexity associated with data collection and integration. This enables private and decentralized data management directly on blockchain systems without the need for specialized hardware.AYDO’s solution benefits users by allowing them to stream and monetize their data through DePIN applications in a user-friendly app. It supports various IoT devices and allows participation in the DePIN ecosystem using existing hardware like Raspberry Pi, PCs, or servers. The platform supports multiple protocols, including Zigbee, Zwave, Modbus, and more, and is focused on expanding the adoption of IoT devices in decentralized applications.Wevolver sat down with AYDO CEO Alexander Markin to discuss the company's mission and impact on the IoT landscape.&nbsp;<hr>Wevolver: Alex, can you tell us a bit more about AYDO and the story behind it?Alex:&nbsp;Sure, Aydo was founded in 2023, building on a business model based on expertise gained from four years in smart homes and IoT connectivity. It enables users to connect third-party devices and share resources for environmental data projects, reducing hardware costs through blockchain. Users can participate without heavy investment, ensuring informed decisions on project quality.The current AYDO software solution is designed to support 90% of existing IoT devices, with compatibility established for widely used IoT communication protocols, including Zigbee, Z-Wave, Modbus, and RTSP. Support for two additional protocols, Matter and Thread, is planned for future implementation, allowing for coverage of the remaining 10% of IoT devices.<table style="width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 100%;">What is DePIN? Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePINs) use blockchain and cryptoeconomic incentives to build and manage infrastructure. DePINs enable individuals and organizations to collectively develop and operate physical infrastructure like wireless networks, energy grids, and transportation systems. Participants earn financial rewards and ownership stakes through tokenized incentives, promoting efficiency and equity.</td></tr></tbody></table>Wevolver: Could you share the variety of data that can be exchanged on AYDO? How do you ensure that this data is collected and handled in a way that’s ethical and compliant with legal standards?Alex:&nbsp;The current focus is on environmental data, which is non-personal, to avoid privacy issues, with plans to work on personal data requiring a security infrastructure in the future.The platform does not guarantee the quality of projects but ensures that projects must provide collateral before requesting data, allowing users to make informed decisions about their participation. The platform does not guarantee the quality of projects but ensures that projects must provide collateral before requesting data, allowing users to make informed decisions about their participation. Users are encouraged to conduct their own due diligence by evaluating the project's team, legal entity, and business model, as well as analyzing tokenomics to assess potential value.Wevolver: Can you tell us some of the company's success stories or case studies?Alex:&nbsp;Current integration partners include <a href="http://375.ai">375.ai</a> for camera solutions, <a href="https://www.mysteriumvpn.com/">Mysterium VPN</a> for Internet sharing, and <a href="https://www.koii.network/">Koii network</a> for decentralized computation, with case studies available for highlighting in the article.Wevolver: Alex, can you tell us what the AYDO mission is?Alex: The mission is to bring deep data into mass adoption, allowing individuals to earn from their hardware and utilize it fully, with a vision of making data sharing as commonplace as ridesharing services.<table style="width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 100%;">Other examples of DePin applications:<ul><li>Decentralized Mapping Hivemapper incentivizes users to collect high-definition map data using 4K dashcams while driving. As of October 2024, Hivemapper has mapped over 330 million kilometers of roads, surpassing traditional mapping providers.</li><li>Decentralized Wireless Networks Helium builds a global IoT network by selling mini hotspots. Users earn HNT tokens by providing network coverage. By 2024, Helium had deployed over 1 million hotspots and expanded into mobile services.</li><li>High-Precision Positioning Services GEODNET uses rooftop satellite miners to enhance GPS accuracy, offering centimeter-level precision at a fraction of traditional GPS costs. The project has partnered with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, showcasing its potential in precision agriculture.</li></ul></td></tr></tbody></table>Wevolver:&nbsp;Could you describe the steps a new user would take to start using AYDO, from signing up to their first transaction?Alex: New users can register on the website, choose projects based on their data or computation needs, and participate without significant upfront costs, utilizing existing devices like Raspberry Pi or old laptops.<table style="width: 100%;"><tbody><tr><td style="width: 100%;">Getting started with AYDOTo set up AYDO from&nbsp;<a href="http://aydo.ai">Aydo.ai</a> on a Linux-based server (like Raspberry Pi or PC), follow these steps: <ol><li dir="ltr">Prepare the Hardware: Get a server/controller/hub that runs on Linux and a Zigbee Adapter.</li><li dir="ltr">Install Software: Execute the correct command to install the necessary software including NodeJS, Zigbee2Mqtt, and AYDO Core.</li><li dir="ltr">Open the AYDO app: After installation, connect your devices and start streaming data to get rewarded.</li></ol>These steps will help you deploy AYDO to develop Decentralized Physical Infrastructure Networks (DePIN) applications that integrate with IoT sensors. For more detailed information, visit the<a href="https://www.aydo.ai/"> AYDO </a>Guide. <img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzM4NjQ5NDUzOTE0LTI1MDIwM19BWURPLTAxLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></td></tr></tbody></table>Wevolver:&nbsp;And for engineers looking to learn more about Aydo, where can they get more information or connect with current platform users?Alex:&nbsp;We encourage anyone interested in learning more to follow our <a href="https://x.com/AYDO_AI">Twitter</a> for regular AMA sessions. We have a <a href="https://t.me/aydoai">Telegram</a> group for updates and a <a href="https://discord.com/invite/aydo">Discord</a> for questions. Currently, we are at the Open Beta Test stage so that you can get onboarded through our <a href="http://www.aydo.ai">website</a>.&nbsp;<img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzM4NjQ5NDk4MjY3LTI1MDEzMV9BWURPLTAxLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Further reading:&nbsp;</h3><a href="https://osl.com/academy/article/what-is-depin-the-future-of-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks">https://osl.com/academy/article/what-is-depin-the-future-of-decentralized-physical-infrastructure-networks</a><a href="https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2024/02/28/why-depins-may-be-the-next-big-narrative-in-web3/">https://www.forbes.com/sites/digital-assets/2024/02/28/why-depins-may-be-the-next-big-narrative-in-web3/</a>

AYDO CEO explains the strategic monetization and DePIN’s advancements in IoT. 

Decentralized Data: A Leadership Insight with AYDO's CEO, Alexander Markin

Scientists at ITMO University have developed multiple-use sensor substrates coated with gold nanoparticles for use in gauging the precise ratio of chlorogenic acid in natural and manufactured raw material. This natural antioxidant is widely used in the production of medical, cosmetic, and food products. The new technology should make it possible to assess the presence of chlorogenic acid in lab and field conditions alike. The results of the study <a href="https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/23/12785" target="_blank" id="isPasted">were published</a> in the Q1 publication International Journal of Molecular Sciences.&nbsp;Polyphenols play a key role in biological processes thanks to their antioxidant properties. One of the most widespread compounds within this group is chlorogenic acid, which is found in coffee, sunflower seeds, blueberry leaves, and chicory. It reduces the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins, thus reducing the risk of cardiovascular disease. However, an excess of chlorogenic acid in the production of, say, plant-based protein may lead to undesirable coloration of the end product. For this reason, it is highly important to monitor the presence of this acid during production.Researchers from ITMO have developed high-precision sensors capable of detecting chlorogenic acid in amounts from 10 to 250 micromoles with an accuracy up to 99%. The technology takes the form of silicon substrates covered with a film of gold nanoparticles. The sensors work in tandem with Raman spectroscopy – an analytical method that can identify the structure of a substance and its amount with high precision by analyzing the scattering of a laser beam. As a result, scientists can produce unique “fingerprints” of molecules which, just like in forensic science, may be used to identify specific substances.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1738195279359-1413501.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">A close-up of the substrate coated in gold nanoparticles. Photo by Dmitry Grigoryev / ITMO.NEWSThe gold nanoparticles are applied onto the substrates in several stages. First, nanoparticles between 14 and 99 nanometers in size are synthesized in a solution. Next, they are combined like building blocks with the help of a special molecule and then arranged on the border of water and an organic solvent, thus producing an even, super-thin film just a few dozen nanometers thick. The film is transferred onto the substrate using the water transfer method: the substrate is carefully dipped into the solution and the film sticks to the surface in an even layer. The production method is shown in more detail in <a href="https://vk.com/video-216077090_456239062" target="_blank">this documentary film</a> (link in Russian).<blockquote>“Raman spectroscopy allows us to quickly conduct tests on both stationary and portable devices. Using this method, we can produce a ‘fingerprint’ that allows us to accurately assess the structure of a substance. To do this, we aim a laser beam at the sensor substrate and analyze its scattering upon contact with the sensor’s surface. The spectrometer registers scattered light and we end up with an individual set of spectral lines that’s unique to this specific substance. With our device, chlorogenic acid is detected with an almost 100% accuracy; in addition, we can identify its ratio within the examined material with an accuracy up to 90%,” explains Evgeny Smirnov, DSc, the curator of the research team and a researcher at ITMO's Infochemistry Scientific Center.&nbsp;</blockquote>Today, the scientists process the results of Raman spectroscopy manually. They compare the properties of chlorogenic acid extracted from natural raw material with the “fingerprint” of chemically pure chlorogenic acid. In the future, they plan to automate the process, teaching algorithms and software to independently recognize – and gauge the amount of – specific substances within mixtures based on spectral lines.The sensors may be used in agriculture to select the raw material of highest quality, such as coffee beans, from which chlorogenic acid may then be extracted. The technology can also be used in production to track the desired level of the acid within the end product and to prevent discoloration. This is applicable for medical products for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, wine, or plant-based protein.<blockquote>“Our main goal is to make the process of detecting polyphenols accessible to manufacturers of every size. To do this, we strive to reduce the cost of substrates as much as possible without affecting their effectiveness. Right now, we’re looking for a suitable substitute for silicon, as the material’s cost ends up being higher than the actual gold nanoparticles, even when accounting for associated workload. We’re also conducting experiments with silver nanoparticles,” says Arina Pavlova, one of the authors of the study and a Bachelor’s student at the Infochemistry Scientific Center.</blockquote><hr>The project was conducted with financial support from the Russian Science Foundation’s&nbsp;<a href="https://rscf.ru/prjcard_int?22-73-00206" target="_blank" id="isPasted">grant No. 22-73-00206</a>.

Researchers Evgeny Smirnov and Ariana Pavlova. Photo by Dmitry Grigoryev / ITMO.NEWS

Scientists at ITMO University have developed multiple-use sensor substrates coated with gold nanoparticles for use in gauging the precise ratio of chlorogenic acid in natural and manufactured raw material.

Researchers Develop Gold Nanoparticle-Based Sensors for Precise Detection of Natural Antioxidants

The rapid evolution of advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) increases the complexity and demand for real-time data processing, which requires high-performance processors to handle tasks such as object recognition, sensor fusion and decision-making. This increased complexity introduces new challenges on the power-management side. Starting with the vehicle’s battery (12V, 24V or 48V), a preregulator steps down the battery voltage to feed point-of-load (PoL) buck converters, supplying the processor with the precise voltages needed for optimal operation. Additionally, there is strong focus on meeting functional safety requirements for the entire system, with the power stage playing a critical role to enable meeting these requirements.Solutions such as the 80V <a href="https://www.ti.com/product/LM5137F-Q1?HQS=app-sr-pwr-density_asil-bucks-vanity-pf-lm5137fq1-ww_en" target="_blank">LM5137F-Q1</a> dual-channel <a href="https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/ssztd62?HQS=app-sr-pwr-density_asil-bucks-vanity-ta-ssztd62-ww_en" target="_blank">buck controller</a> and the 6V, 30A <a href="https://www.ti.com/product/TPS62883-Q1?HQS=app-sr-pwr-density_asil-bucks-vanity-pf-tps62883q1-ww_en" target="_blank">TPS62883-Q1</a> dual-phase buck converter provide power to high-current automotive processors while helping systems achieve functional safety compliance up to Automotive Safety Integrity Level (ASIL) D.<h2>Enabling up to ASIL D systems requirements</h2>The <a href="https://www.ti.com/product/TPS62883-Q1?HQS=app-sr-pwr-density_asil-bucks-vanity-pf-tps62883q1-ww_en" target="_blank">TPS62883-Q1</a> is a TI Functional Safety-Compliant 30A buck converter developed according to International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 26262. The device is part of a scalable product family offering pin-compatible options with current ratings from 12A to 30A, and supports a stackable architecture to deliver loads beyond 100A, enabling the power requirements for modern ADAS systems-on-a-chip (SoCs) where the demand for higher currents is ever-increasing. <a href="https://www.ti.com/document-viewer/lit/html/SSZTD61#FIG_F1H_131_CDC">Figure 1</a> shows two TPS62883-Q1 converters in a stacked configuration.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1737127460065-Screenshot+2025-01-17+162345.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Figure 1. Two TPS62883-Q1 devices in a stacked configurationThe TPS62833-Q1 helps remove external output voltage supervision through safety-compliant internal monitoring. Also, a change in the output voltage through I2C takes effect at the same time, for both the output voltage control loop as well as the internal output voltage monitoring. This feature eliminates blind spots in the output voltage monitoring during dynamic or adaptive voltage scaling. The communication through the I2C-compatible interface can be cyclic redundancy check (CRC) protected so that the MCU can detect and flag bit errors in bus communication.&nbsp;Also, the TPS62883-Q1 provides warnings based on its thermal-warning threshold and enters a safe state in case of critical fault conditions in the system such as undervoltage or overvoltage lockout. The device also features a nINT fault pin that signals to the microcontroller (MCU) when a fault condition occurs, which can then take the necessary action depending on the application requirements.<h3>Improving load transient response for ADAS processor applications&nbsp;</h3>Meeting high current requirements is not the only challenge in power supplies. In fact, load transient response is essential for maintaining reliable operation of high-performance processors. Rapid changes in processing demand cause sudden changes in power consumption, leading to voltage undershoots and overshoots, potentially triggering malfunctions. A fast load-transient response is crucial for reliable operation of these SoCs.&nbsp;SoCs specify a defined tolerance for each of their supply voltages. The core voltage rail is the most important one because the dynamics in supply currents are high, the voltage is low, and tolerance is in the order of millivolts.&nbsp;The total budget for the load transient depends on several factors, as illustrated in Figure 2. In general, you want a large remaining window for the load-transient voltage deviation, as this allows lower output capacitance. The TPS62883-Q1 provides ±0.5% DC output voltage accuracy as well as internal voltage monitoring, which removes the additional tolerance introduced by external voltage supervision.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1737127572240-Screenshot+2025-01-17+162605.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Figure 2. Load transient budget based on core-supply voltage tolerancesThe TPS62883-Q1 also incorporates flexible droop compensation, allowing you to tailor the droop behavior closely to the requirements of your design. This feature scales the nominal output voltage based on the output current, such that the output voltage scales linearly between zero and full output current.&nbsp;As shown in Figure 3, the output voltage is set slightly higher than its nominal value at a no-load condition and slightly lower than its nominal value at a maximum load condition. Droop compensation therefore helps keep the output voltage within a certain tolerance band in case of a heavy load step or at a load release.&nbsp;Load transient Vout ripple Additionally, the dual-phase design of the TPS62883-Q1 provides higher loop bandwidth and significantly lower output voltage ripple compared to single-phase designs, offering extra headroom for load transients. The combination of these features enables you to reduce the amount of output capacitance and meet stringent load-transient requirements, while cutting costs and reducing overall system complexity.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1737127991867-Screenshot+2025-01-17+162903.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib">Figure 3. Voltage scaling with output currentTo help streamline your functional safety system-level certification, TI provides industry-standard reports and additional resources – including IC-level documentation such as functional safety FIT rate and failure-mode effects and diagnostic analysis (FMEDA).<h2>Conclusion</h2>The complexity of ADAS continues to increase significantly as vehicles progress toward autonomous driving, resulting in greater power demands for application processors. Concurrently, functional safety is paramount, as these systems need to be reliable for users to depend on. The TPS62883-Q1, when used in a stackable configuration, achieves core power beyond 100A and in parallel helps enable system designs to achieve functional safety compliance as high as ASIL D.<h3>Additional resources&nbsp;</h3>Download the <a href="https://www.ti.com/product/TPS62883-Q1?HQS=app-sr-pwr-density_asil-bucks-vanity-pf-tps62883q1-ww_en?">TPS62883-Q1 data sheet.</a>Check out the<a href="https://www.ti.com/tool/TPS62883EVM-010?HQS=app-sr-pwr-density_asil-bucks-vanity-evm-tps62883evm010-ww_en?">&nbsp;"TPS6288x-Q1 buck converter evaluation module" user's guide.&nbsp;</a>Read the technical article,<a href="https://www.ti.com/lit/pdf/ssztd62?HQS=app-sr-pwr-density_asil-bucks-vanity-ta-ssztd62-ww_en?">&nbsp;“Achieving functional safety compliance in automotive off-battery buck preregulator designs."</a>Learn more about stackability in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.ti.com/lit/an/slvafh4/slvafh4.pdf?ts=1729175601601&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.ti.com%252Fproduct%252FTPS62873-Q1?" data-lf-fd-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">"Operating TPS6287X-Q1 Devices in a Stacked Configuration" application note. </a>Trademarks All trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

The rapid evolution of ADAS boosts demand for real-time processing and complex power management, requiring high-performance processors and advanced solutions like the 80V LM5137F-Q1 and 6V, 30A TPS62883-Q1 buck converters to ensure optimal operation and meet top safety standards like ASIL D.

Powering next-generation ADAS processors with TI Functional Safety-Compliant buck regulators

In this episode, we explore how traditional Chinese medicine has inspired the development of innovative pulse sensor technology and discover how ancient wisdom and modern tech are coming together to revolutionize health monitoring and diagnostics.

Podcast: How Traditional Chinese Medicine Is Shaping Modern Wearables

Wevolver met with &nbsp;Petter Myhre, Product Marketing Director at Nordic Semiconductor at CES 2025 to discuss the latest advancements in semiconductor technology. &nbsp;In the folowing interview Myhre introduces the nRF54L Series, Nordic Semiconductor’s recent groundbreaking release, which marks a significant progression from the widely utilized 52 Series in Bluetooth Low Energy designs.<h2>Interview with Petter Myhre, Product Marketing Director at Nordic Semiconductor at CES 2025</h2>Wevolver: Can you please introduce yourself and tell us a bit about the nRF54L Series that you've launched and what makes it so special?Petter Myhre: Certainly. I'm Petter Myhre, Product Marketing Director at Nordic Semiconductor. The nRF54L Series, our recent launch, advances our popular 52 Series, which has been a leading solution for Bluetooth Low Energy designs for over a decade. This new series increases our market share to 40% in Bluetooth Low Energy by featuring a completely new ultra-low power radio and enhanced MCU functionality. It includes an ARM Cortex M33 processor running at 128 MHz and offers up to 1.5 MB non-volatile memory.Wevolver: That's exciting. Could you elaborate on the improvements introduced with the new radio?Petter Myhre: Absolutely. The new radio significantly reduces power consumption—demonstrated to be about two-thirds that of the 52 Series. It boosts output power to 8dBm and improves sensitivity to minus 96dBm on the receive side. Additionally, it's equipped with Bluetooth 6, supports fine-grained ranging between devices through a new channel-sounding feature, and is compatible with multiple protocols including Thread, Matter, and Zigbee.Wevolver: With CES focusing on smart homes this year, how does the Series fit into smart home applications and other current trends?Petter Myhre: The nRF54L Series supports Matter, making it highly relevant for smart home technologies. It's a versatile wireless microcontroller suitable for any battery-powered, low power consumption product requiring advanced wireless capabilities.Wevolver: How does Nordic support developers who are looking to explore or develop with the nRF54L Series?Petter Myhre: Nordic is deeply committed to supporting developers. For the nRF54L Series, we provide extensive technical support, free hardware reviews, and antenna tuning. Development kits are available through distributors like Digikey and Mouser. We also offer comprehensive educational content through the Nordic Developer Academy, with two courses currently supporting the 54L Series and more on the way.Wevolver: What's the future look like for products built on the nRF54L Series?Petter Myhre: We have already engaged around 300 customers in developing with the nRF54L Series, and it is now in full volume production. This means developers and manufacturers can readily start creating and launching products based on this series.Wevolver: That's fantastic. Thank you for the insights, Petter, and we look forward to seeing the innovations that will emerge with the nRF54L Series.<a href="https://www.nordicsemi.com/Products/nRF54L15">Read more about the nRF54L Series here. </a>

At #CES2025, we caught up with Petter Myhre, Product Marketing Director, Nordic Semiconductor, who shared with us exciting new updates on the newly launched nRF54L Series.

At CES2025, Wevolver caught up with Petter Myhre, Product Marketing Director, Nordic Semiconductor, who shared with us exciting new updates on the newly launched nRF54L Series.

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