<p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">As aerospace and defense manufacturing targets higher precision and efficiency, digital twin and digital thread technologies are quietly reshaping how products move from design to the real world. These advancements enable companies to bridge the gap between design and production, driving down cycle times while improving innovation, safety, and adaptability. With the aerospace and defense (A&amp;D) sector transitioning to digital-first methodologies, the need for seamless integration of these technologies has never been more critical.</p><p dir="ltr">A&amp;D manufacturers today must meet tighter production schedules, ensure greater accuracy, and create systems that can evolve in real time to changing conditions. Digital twins and digital threads serve as a single source of truth, ensuring interoperability across the lifecycle of each asset—from requirements capture to assembly and certification. In this context, these technologies are pulling the strings to improve operational efficiency and deliver data-driven insights. Companies that embrace these tools are positioning themselves to lead the next generation of A&amp;D engineering.</p><p dir="ltr"><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable fr-active"><iframe id="JotFormIFrame-243114034803343" title="Quest Global Form" allowtransparency="true" src="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" frameborder="0" style="min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; height: 1150px; border: none;" scrolling="yes" class="fr-draggable"> </iframe></span></p><h2 dir="ltr">Digital Twin and Digital Thread in Aerospace and Defense</h2><p dir="ltr">The A&amp;D sector stands to benefit greatly from innovations like digital twins and digital threads, especially with its demand for precision and safety. As&nbsp;A&amp;D products&nbsp;shifts towards mechatronics, digital twins allow system integration across mechanical, electronic, and software components, capturing real-time data to provide actionable insights into performance and condition. This helps implement&nbsp;smart manufacturing,&nbsp;remote asset monitoring,&nbsp;robust configuration &amp; traceability, predictive maintenance, reducing unplanned downtime and extending equipment lifespan.</p><p dir="ltr">Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) frameworks combined with digital threads help to standardize workflows from CAD/CAE to CAM/CMM, supporting both new product introduction and industrialization. In defense, digital twins allow for real-time operational readiness assessments of critical assets like fighter jets, naval vessels, and unmanned systems, while digital threads ensure system integrity and a continuous data flow across the entire lifecycle—from mission planning to post-deployment sustainment.</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzMwOTgzNTA1MDAyLTUgKDEpLnBuZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></a></p><p dir="ltr">These technologies are applicable across multiple domains—land, air, maritime, and space—to optimize design, improve maintenance, and ensure peak performance in all environments. They also support the global nature of defense contracts, with embedded Product Manufacturing Information (PMI) and annotations overcoming language barriers in multinational operations.</p><p dir="ltr">As companies look to optimize performance and reduce cycle times, adopting these technologies is helping them achieve significant operational improvements, thus creating more cohesive, data-driven systems for better decision-making and long-term sustainability.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Industry Insights: Driving Innovation through Digital Integration</h2><p dir="ltr">Quest Global has worked across various A&amp;D projects, helping companies integrate digital thread strategies to accelerate timelines and enhance efficiency. In the defense space, this integration enables complex systems, such as military aircraft and missile defense platforms, to move seamlessly from concept to deployment while maintaining mission-critical performance and security. By digitizing Standard Operating Procedures (SoPs) and augmenting them with simulations through Virtual Reality (VR) and Augmented Reality (AR), digital twins streamline production and enable maintenance, repair, and overhaul (MRO) with enhanced accuracy.</p><p dir="ltr">In a project with a leading aeroengine OEM for the US Department of Defense (DoD), Quest Global’s design thread expertise, particularly in MBSE, was critical in connecting systems architecture and accelerating the design process. In another project, they helped reduce manufacturing design cycle times by 30% using adaptive closed-loop manufacturing, predictive analytics, and supply chain connectivity. This digital twin initiative improved the overall efficiency by 44%, demonstrating the power of real-time simulations and predictive analytics in reducing non-conformance and optimizing manufacturing.</p><h2 dir="ltr">The Industry-Wide Impact of Digital Twin and Digital Thread Technologies</h2><p dir="ltr">Digital twins and digital threads enable companies to create continuous, data-driven feedback loops that enhance decision-making, streamline operations, and reduce inefficiencies and complexities. By embedding real-time insights into their processes, A&amp;D manufacturers can optimize performance at every stage of the product lifecycle, from design to production and maintenance.</p><p dir="ltr">Digital twins, in particular, allow manufacturers to simulate different scenarios and test outcomes without needing physical prototypes. This helps reduce risk, accelerate time-to-market, and improve overall system reliability. With digital twins, we’re seeing a shift from reactive to proactive management in aerospace manufacturing. It goes beyond preventing failures toward continuously improving processes, shortening design cycles, and enabling adaptive manufacturing that responds in real time to operational data.</p><p dir="ltr">Meanwhile, digital threads ensure that data remains connected and accessible throughout the entire lifecycle, bridging gaps between traditionally siloed systems. This interconnectedness fosters collaboration and allows for more informed decision-making, helping companies meet the growing demands for efficiency, sustainability, and speed. In A&amp;D, real-time data integration supports faster response times and optimizes product performance under changing geopolitical scenarios, empowering&nbsp;OEM’s &amp; Global Supply chain&nbsp;to maintain readiness in dynamic environments.&nbsp;Digital manufacturing and Industry 4.0 technologies also foster increased awareness and improvement toward Health and Social care (HSC).</p><p dir="ltr">As the A&amp;D industry embraces digital technologies, manufacturers are empowered to optimize their operations and properly position themselves to innovate and adapt to future challenges, laying the groundwork for smarter, more responsive manufacturing ecosystems.</p><h2 dir="ltr">New Webinar: Unlocking The Potential of Digital Twins for Aerospace Manufacturing</h2><p>To gain deeper insights into how digital twin and digital thread technologies can elevate your manufacturing processes, join Quest Global’s upcoming webinar “Unlocking The Potential of Digital Twins for Aerospace Manufacturing” on<strong>&nbsp;December 12th.&nbsp;</strong>This is your chance to learn from industry experts and discover practical strategies for implementing these technologies within your organization.</p><p><a href="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="button-main-action">Register now</a></p>

Bridging Design and Production: Why Digital Twin and Thread Are Vital for Aerospace Innovation

Harnessing the Power of Digital Twins for Seamless Digital Thread Integration

<p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">As aerospace and defense projects grow in complexity, the industry faces a need for new methodologies to manage complex system architectures and facilitate design validation processes. Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is addressing these challenges by moving organizations from document-based systems to a model-centric approach.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">One key player driving this transformation is Quest Global, a leading engineering services provider renowned for its pioneering role in digital thread integration across the aerospace and defense industry. Quest Global has established itself as a trusted partner, helping major aerospace organizations adopt Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and leverage digital thread solutions to enhance project efficiency, system accuracy, and cross-functional collaboration. Their expertise in integrating MBSE techniques has enabled aerospace companies to meet modern challenges head-on, significantly improving project outcomes.</p><p dir="ltr">This article explores how MBSE connects design processes and tools to enable greater flexibility, accuracy, and efficiency in aerospace and defense projects. It also highlights Quest Global's role in leading this transformation, providing case studies on successful implementation to illustrate its real-world applications and benefits across all development stages.</p><p dir="ltr"><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe id="JotFormIFrame-243114034803343" title="Quest Global Form" allowtransparency="true" src="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" frameborder="0" style="min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; height: 1150px; border: none;" scrolling="yes" class="fr-draggable"> </iframe></span></p><h2 dir="ltr">Why the Shift from Document-Based to Model-Based Systems Engineering?</h2><p dir="ltr">MBSE is a systems engineering methodology that fundamentally improves how complex systems are developed and managed throughout their entire lifecycle. At its core, MBSE allows for an authoritative source of truth (ASoT) for systems, depicting components as interconnected blocks with defined boundaries and interfaces. This visual representation aids both technical and non-technical stakeholders in understanding complex systems. For example, in developing a new turbofan engine, MBSE can map interactions between the engine and external systems like avionics and flight controls.</p><p dir="ltr">One of the key features of MBSE is its centralized model-based approach. In MBSE, a well-structured model provides a graphical representation of processes, structures, and workflows, making it easier to understand and manage. In this approach, changes made within a model propagate automatically, ensuring consistency and reducing labor.</p><h2 dir="ltr"><a href="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzMwMjkwNDAxMjM0LTUucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></a>Benefits of MBSE in Aerospace</h2><p dir="ltr">Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) significantly enhances efficiency by streamlining the development process, leading to reduced time to market and faster product launches. This approach also contributes to substantial cost reductions by leveraging models effectively to identify and address inefficiencies early in the development cycle.</p><p dir="ltr">A core objective of MBSE is to improve product quality by enhancing system design and reducing defects. Executives can monitor this improvement through key metrics, such as defect rates and performance indicators, reflecting the quality of systems engineering outputs. Additionally, MBSE fosters stakeholder satisfaction through improved communication and collaboration across teams.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">Assessing the return on investment (ROI) of MBSE is crucial for understanding its financial impact. Executives should evaluate cost savings from reduced errors, increased productivity from streamlined processes, and improved product quality that leads to better market performance. Furthermore, it is essential for MBSE initiatives to align with the organization’s strategic goals. Evaluating the extent to which MBSE contributes to long-term success ensures that it serves as a strategic enabler, supporting the organization's vision and mission.</p><h2 dir="ltr">From Complexity to Clarity: Streamlining Aerospace Design with MBSE</h2><p dir="ltr">The use of a digital modeling approach significantly enhances system architecture in aerospace projects, offering improved visualization and analysis. Digital models provide a clear and cohesive representation of complex systems, enabling engineering teams to better understand and navigate the intricacies of the design architecture.</p><p dir="ltr">Quest Defense (QDSS), the US subsidiary of Quest Global, has been instrumental in helping its clients navigate the complexities of MBSE implementation. Recent projects have demonstrated Quest Defense's capability to streamline systems engineering processes and deliver tangible ROI for its clients.</p><p dir="ltr">A prime example of this is the F-35 program, in which QDSS was a key partner. Despite its success, the F-35 program initially faced numerous challenges, including significant budget overruns and delays. Some of the key challenges included maintaining and evolving unified systems engineering artifacts, traceability, communications, incomplete validation and verification requirements, as well as not reusing systems developed in earlier programs.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">Learning from past challenges, the Department of Defense (DOD) has issued a mandate to build a systems engineering infrastructure using MBSE to address the shortcomings of classical systems engineering methods. MBSE artifacts serve as the Authoritative Source of Truth (ASoT), ensuring consistency throughout the program, reducing the risk of systems architecture divergence, better documenting V&amp;V requirements, and improving communication. Additionally, MBSE facilitates the creation of reusable models for future development, borrowing principles from object-oriented software design. The F-35 was therefore developed as an entirely bespoke effort, with everything built from the ground up. This approach highlighted the need for a more efficient system. This approach allowed for the incorporation of reusable components into new projects, thereby decreasing development time, costs, and risks.</p><p dir="ltr">With QDSS’ support, the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) experienced accelerated project timelines, significant reductions in design and development costs, and improved system strategies and architectures. QDSS’ digital thread integration enabled a streamlined flow of data across the entire development process, enhancing system traceability and ensuring real-time updates in response to design changes.</p><h2 dir="ltr"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzMwMjkxNDM5Njg3LXNodXR0ZXJzdG9ja18yMjQwNzk1NTQxLmpwZWciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></h2><h2 dir="ltr">MBSE’s Strategic Edge in Aerospace and Defense Engineering</h2><p dir="ltr">The success of the F-35 program highlights the many benefits of adopting a MBSE approach for aerospace and defense manufacturing. Some other key advantages include:&nbsp;</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Enhanced Traceability and Consistency:</strong> MBSE ensures that all changes are automatically updated throughout the system, maintaining consistency and reducing manual effort.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Improved Communication:</strong> The graphical nature of MBSE models facilitates better communication among stakeholders, including non-technical personnel, by providing clear visualizations of system interactions.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Reuse of Models:</strong> Models can be stored in libraries and reused in future projects, significantly reducing development time and costs. This is particularly beneficial in A&amp;D, where similar components like turbines or engines can be repurposed with minimal modifications.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Reduced Risk of Overruns</strong>:&nbsp;MBSE provides a clear and consistent roadmap that mitigates risks associated with budget overruns and project delays.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Seamless Independent Validation and Verification:</strong> Independent Validation &amp; Verification (IV&amp;V) is critical to any systems engineering process. Validation ensures that the correct system is being built according to requirements (validating against the CONOPS), while Verification ensures that the system is being built correctly (meeting the requirements). MBSE supports IV&amp;V by mapping these cases both graphically and tabularly, creating clear linkages between requirements, validation, and verification. This reduces errors and simplifies the verification process to ensure the system works and that test cases are included in the model.</p></li></ul><h2 dir="ltr">Addressing MBSE Implementation Issues</h2><p dir="ltr">Transitioning to MBSE is not without its challenges. Organizations often face resistance due to the significant paradigm shift required. Key challenges include:&nbsp;</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Organizational Buy-In:</strong> Senior management must be convinced of MBSE's benefits, necessitating a top-down approach to implementation.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Training and Education</strong>:&nbsp;Employees need to learn a new vocabulary and syntax, transitioning from text-based documentation to graphical models. Comprehensive training is essential to facilitate this shift.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Infrastructure and Tools:</strong> Implementing MBSE requires substantial investment in tools and IT infrastructure. Tools like Cameo can be expensive, and setting up the necessary back-end support involves additional costs.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Cultural Resistance:</strong> There is often resistance from experienced personnel accustomed to traditional methods. Younger employees may adapt more readily, but older staff may see little value in changing established practices.</p></li></ul><h2 dir="ltr">Navigating MBSE Hurdles in Complex Engineering Projects</h2><p dir="ltr">In order to ensure a successful MBSE implementation, A&amp;D organizations can take several steps and consult partners like Quest Global to facilitate a smooth transition through the following strategies:</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Develop Systems Engineering Fundamentals:</strong> Establishing a solid systems engineering process is crucial before transitioning to MBSE. This includes developing a requirements definition and management process, configuration management, and validation and verification methods.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Evangelize MBSE Benefits</strong>: Clearly communicate the advantages of MBSE to all stakeholders, emphasizing improved efficiency, traceability, and reduced risk. Projects using an MBSE approach cost 55% less than projects using a traditional SE approach. In addition, projects using an MBSE approach delivered on time 62% of the time, compared to 59% of the time with a traditional SE approach, and up to 70% of defects have been identified during the modeling and simulation stage.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Provide Comprehensive Training:</strong> Invest in training programs to help employees understand and adopt MBSE practices.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Invest in the Right Tools:</strong> Carefully select and invest in MBSE tools and infrastructure, ensuring compatibility and scalability for future projects.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Build a Culture of Continuous Improvement:&nbsp;</strong>Encourage a culture that values continuous improvement and adaptation to new methodologies. This includes fostering collaboration and open communication among all team members.</p></li></ul><h2 dir="ltr">Facilitating MBSE Adoption In Aerospace and Defense</h2><p dir="ltr">The future of MBSE in the A&amp;D sector looks promising, with increasing mandates for its adoption to avoid past pitfalls and improve project outcomes. Quest Global expertise in implementing systems engineering processes extends beyond just technical implementation. They work closely with clients to address organizational and cultural challenges, providing comprehensive training and support to ensure seamless integration of Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) and digital threads. As organizations continue to recognize the benefits of MBSE, its implementation will become more widespread, leading to more efficient and effective systems engineering processes.</p><h2 dir="ltr">New Webinar: Unlocking The Potential of Digital Twins for Aerospace Manufacturing</h2><p dir="ltr">Register for Quest Global’s upcoming webinar, “Unlocking the Potential of Digital Twins for Aerospace Manufacturing,” on&nbsp;December 12th&nbsp;to learn more about how Quest Global provides digital engineering solutions to the aerospace industry, gain key insights, engage with industry experts, and ask questions.</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="button-main-action">REGISTER NOW</a></p><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">References</h3><p dir="ltr">1. Systematic Literature Review: How is Model Based Systems Engineering Justified? Edward R. Carroll and Robert J. Malins, SANDIA REPORT SAND2016- 2607 Unlimited Release March 2016.</p>

Explore how MBSE can be used to optimize system architecture, streamline design validation, and facilitate collaboration in aerospace projects.

From Documents to Models: Improving System Architecture and  Design Validation in Aerospace With Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE)

<p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">The rapid technological advancements present huge challenges to the Defense &amp; Aerospace industry. As the demand for innovations rises, companies are under considerable strain to deliver advanced technologies while navigating strict timelines. Moreover, the increasing complexity of aerospace systems has made managing design, production, and operational challenges more critical than ever.</p><p dir="ltr">Companies adjust their procedures to ensure efficient and effective project execution for rising complexities and smooth system integration. Simultaneously, the industry is grappling with growing regulatory and cost pressures, as there is a heightened emphasis on reducing development times, to meet the rapidly evolving customer needs, while meeting defense and safety requirements. This balance between innovation and financial restrictions has become the industry's hallmark.</p><p dir="ltr"><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe id="JotFormIFrame-243114034803343" title="Quest Global Form" allowtransparency="true" src="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" frameborder="0" style="min-width: 100%; max-width: 100%; height: 1150px; border: none;" scrolling="yes" class="fr-draggable"> </iframe></span></p><h2 dir="ltr">Challenges Faced by the Defense &amp; Aerospace Industry</h2><p dir="ltr">Defense &amp; Aerospace programs often face the daunting task of delivering every more sophisticated systems at reduced cost and time. This demand to reduce costs and accelerate development cycles while maintaining the highest standards of quality and performance is a significant hurdle for companies operating in this sector.</p><p dir="ltr">In addition to these challenges, integrating new technologies into existing systems adds still another degree of difficulty. Companies have to incorporate these innovations while guaranteeing compatibility and best performance across all components.<sup>[1]</sup> This is further compounded by the need to manage and coordinate large, multi-functional teams, often spread across different locations and disciplines.</p><p dir="ltr">Moreover, legacy systems and outdated processes often hinder many organizations. These limitations can impede the adoption of modern digital engineering practices, which are crucial for staying competitive in today's fast-paced environment. Also, there is a growing need for real-time, accurate data throughout the product lifecycle, from design to operation, to enable data-driven decision-making and optimize performance.</p><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI5NjAxNjA2NDQyLTUgKDEpLnBuZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></a></p><h2 dir="ltr">Digital Solutions in Aerospace Engineering</h2><p dir="ltr">To counter the challenges discussed above, Defense &amp; Aerospace companies are increasingly turning to more integrated and digitalized product design and development solutions to. One such approach is implementing an integrated digital thread, which enable uninterrupted information flow throughout the concept, design, production, and operational stages. By creating a cohesive digital ecosystem, Defense &amp; Aerospace companies can improve collaboration, optimize processes, reduce rework and maintain data consistency across the entire product lifecycle.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE)</h3><p>Model-Based Systems Engineering (MBSE) is a powerful tool for managing the complexity of modern aerospace systems. By leveraging MBSE, engineers can create extended digital models that integrate various subsystems and components, allowing for efficient system design, simulation, and validation. This approach emphasizes using models as a central means of communication, analysis, and decision-making throughout the product lifecycle to detect potential issues early, reduce the need for physical prototypes, and facilitate better decision-making throughout development processes.<sup>[2]</sup> Additionally, MBSE facilitates collaboration among various stakeholders, assuring everyone works towards a shared understanding of the system's requirements and design.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 832px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI5NTk4NDg3NDU1LWZvdXIgcXVhZHJhbnRzIG9mIHRoZSBNQlNFIG1vZGVsLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">The four quadrants of the MBSE model process of system development from conceptualization to realization. Image credit:&nbsp;<a href="https://protect.checkpoint.com/v2/___https://insights.sei.cmu.edu/blog/introduction-model-based-systems-engineering-mbse/___.YzJ1OnF1ZXN0Z2xvYmFsOmM6bzoxNjJiNGNiOTM2NDJlYjYzZDA2YWFmMjBjZDYyMDdiNzo2OmVlMjk6YmY1MjllYjdmOWI5NWNjYjU0YzQwZjhjODMwYTJkMzEyMzVhZjBhN2MyZDU2OTQ3NWM4YTE5MjRjMGM3YzZkMDpwOlQ6Tg" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Carnegie Mellon University.</a><br></span></span></span></p><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Digital Twins</h3><p dir="ltr">Digital twins—virtual replicas of physical systems are modifying how aerospace companies approach predictive analytics, optimization, and lifecycle management. By continuously collecting and analyzing data from sensors embedded in aircraft and other aerospace systems, digital twins provide real-time insights into system performance, facilitating proactive maintenance, improved efficiency, and heightened safety.<sup>[3]</sup> Digital twins also provide virtual testing and simulation, reducing the need for costly physical tests, hence accelerating the development approach.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Automation and Parametric Modelling</h3><p dir="ltr">Using automation tools is also a crucial digital solution, such as parametric modeling, which is essential in speeding up the design processes and optimizing performance in the aerospace industry. By altering parameters, designers can quickly explore various design options without having to start from scratch each time. It enables rapid prototyping and iteration, leading to the identification of optimal solutions and reduced time to market.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Advanced Manufacturing and Supply Chain</h3><p dir="ltr">The manufacturing sector is seeing a substantial transition with the use of Industry 4.0 technologies, including the Internet of Things (IIoT), big data analytics, and automation. These technologies facilitate the establishment of intelligent factories, wherein machines are outfitted with sensors that gather real-time data, thereby enabling communication between machines and between machines and humans. This data can be analyzed to predict and prevent equipment failures, optimize processes, and improve overall efficiency.</p><p dir="ltr">Augmented Reality (AR) is another key technology in Industry 4.0, bridging the gap between the physical and digital experiencs. AR enables technicians and engineers to access real-time information about complex machinery and equipment through wearable devices or mobile apps, thereby reducing the dependence on cumbersome manuals. The implementation of AR can significantly reduce installation and maintenance time, minimize errors and rework, and improve safety of the factory floor.</p><p dir="ltr">Quest Global is driving digital transformation in the manufacturing industry, providing solutions like&nbsp;<a href="https://www.quest-global.com/solutions/ar360/">Quest Global AR360</a>. This platform helps companies develop, deploy, and manage AR applications for various industries, enabling them to reinvent training content, improve classroom experiences, and reduce dependency on field machines. By leveraging AR and other Industry 4.0 technologies, manufacturers can increase production, reduce costs, and improve overall efficiency, positioning for success in the era of smart manufacturing.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Cross-Industry Best Practices</h3><p dir="ltr">Aerospace companies are also increasingly looking to adjacent industries, such as automotive and defense, to learn from their digital transformation experiences and adopt best practices to facilitate their digital journey.<sup>[4]</sup></p><h2 dir="ltr">Case Study: Digital Engineering for UK Defense (Project Agnostics)</h2><p dir="ltr">Quest Global is a leading global engineering services provider at the forefront of driving digital transformation in the Defense &amp; Aerospace industry. One such example is Quest Global's collaboration with a leading aerospace and defense company to support the Future Combat Air System (FCAS) development for the UK Ministry of Defense (MoD). The FCAS program aimed to deliver a next-generation air defense system that would ensure the UK's air superiority for decades to come.</p><p dir="ltr">The FCAS project also faced several other key challenges, including tight timeframes, budget restrictions, and the inherent complexity of developing a state-of-the-art defense system at "half time and half cost." Additionally, integrating advanced digital engineering tools was important to ensure collaboration and efficient project execution.</p><p dir="ltr">Quest Global and its partner therefore created a digital engineering solution designed to address these challenges. It advanced the project by contributing as a thought leader and implementation catalyst. The team is collaborating with the customer to discover how digital technologies may improve procedures, lower costs, and speed up development.</p><p dir="ltr">To ensure the successful implementation of this digital engineering approach, Quest Global deployed a cross-functional team of 25 highly skilled engineers. This team combined expertise from across industries, including aerospace and defense, to create a robust and innovative digital engineering environment. The team significantly reduced project timelines and improved efficiency across the board by using advanced digital tools and best practices.</p><p dir="ltr">Quest Global's approach to digital engineering, which combines deep domain expertise with cross-industry best practices, is expected to be a key differentiator in the success of the FCAS project. The company's thought leadership and innovative solutions, tailored to the specific needs of the client, aim to deliver tangible results in terms of cost reduction and timeline acceleration.</p><p dir="ltr">By working towards the goal of reducing costs without compromising quality, Quest Global is demonstrating the potential of digital technologies to transform the aerospace industry. If successful, the substantial reduction in project development times could set a new standard for efficiency in the sector, paving the way for faster, more agile development processes in the future.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion: Future Directions for Aerospace Engineering</h2><p dir="ltr">As the aerospace industry evolves, it is expected to increasingly adopt digital thread technologies, which enable easy integration and flow of data across the entire product lifecycle. The digital threads will be necessary for simplifying real-time monitoring, predictive maintenance, and enhanced lifecycle management of aerospace products. By using the digital threads, organizations can achieve improved efficiency, safety, and performance.</p><p dir="ltr">Looking ahead, the emphasis on cost and time reduction will remain a top priority for the aerospace industry, particularly in the defense sector.<sup>[5]</sup> Future projects will focus on delivering highly sophisticated systems within ever-tightening timeframes, driving the need for even more advanced digital engineering solutions and agile development methodologies.</p><p dir="ltr">The success of aerospace companies will be increasingly dependent on their capacity to acquire collaborative digital ecosystems. Organizations can accelerate decision-making, enhance innovation, and dismantle silos by establishing environments in which data circulates effectively across functions and teams. This shift towards increased collaboration and data-driven insights will be essential in addressing the numerous challenges faced by the aerospace industry.</p><h2 dir="ltr">New Webinar: Unlocking the Potential of Digital Twins for Aerospace Manufacturing</h2><p>Register for Quest Global’s upcoming webinar “Unlocking the Potential of Digital Twins for Aerospace Manufacturing” on December 12th to learn more about how Quest Global provides digital engineering solutions to the aerospace industry, gain key insights, engage with industry experts, and ask questions.</p><p><a href="https://form.jotform.com/243114034803343" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer" class="button-main-action">register here</a></p><h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">References</h2><p dir="ltr">1. Terrile RJ. Pathways and challenges to innovation in aerospace. In2010 IEEE Aerospace Conference 2010 Mar 6 (pp. 1-7). IEEE. (Accessed on September 20, 2024)</p><p dir="ltr">2. Uckun S, Kurtoglu T, Bunus P, Tumer I, Hoyle C, Musliner D. Model-based systems engineering for the design and development of complex aerospace systems. SAE Technical Paper; 2011 Oct 18. (Accessed on September 20, 2024)</p><p dir="ltr">3. Xiong M, Wang H. Digital twin applications in aviation industry: A review. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology. 2022 Aug;121(9):5677-92. (Accessed on September 21, 2024)</p><p dir="ltr">4. Thompson R, Patel S. Cross-industry learning: Best practices from automotive to aerospace. J Eng Manag. 2022;35(3):245-60. (Accessed on September 23, 2024)</p><p dir="ltr">5. Patel, Jay. Future of Aerospace Industry with Opportunities and Challenges. 10.13140/RG.2.2.16721.51049. (Accessed on September 23, 2024)</p>

Defense & Aerospace companies are turning to digital engineering solutions to deliver advanced technologies while meeting strict timelines and budgets.

Addressing Challenges in the Defense & Aerospace Industry with Digital Engineering Solutions

<p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">3D printing has been on the defense sector’s radar for over a decade.<sup>[1]&nbsp;</sup>However, it is only in recent years that additive technologies have matured to the point of enabling truly viable production applications for military adopters, and the potential is only just starting to be tapped.</p><p dir="ltr">Additive manufacturing technologies are well-positioned to improve several aspects of defense production processes. According to the U.S. Department of Defense’s Additive Manufacturing Strategy published in 2021, 3D printing has a number of benefits for the defense sector, including “modernizing national defense systems” through optimized AM design, producing innovative solutions and devices on the front lines and “increasing material readiness” through accelerated development and on-demand production of spare parts.<sup>[2]</sup></p><p dir="ltr">In this article, we will be exploring how these benefits are being realized by militaries and defense groups around the globe, as well as how UltiMaker’s 3D printing solutions are ideally suited to meet the stringent standards and agility required in military applications.</p><h2 dir="ltr">3D Printing Applications in Defense</h2><p dir="ltr">Applications in the defense and military sectors have been evolving steadily over the years, from rapid prototyping to various production applications that provide value in terms of efficiency, logistics, and safety. Below are the leading application areas for additive manufacturing in defense sectors around the world.&nbsp;</p><h3 dir="ltr">Spare Parts</h3><p dir="ltr">One of the most game-changing applications for 3D printing in the defense sector is the on-site production of spare parts. Since 3D printing technologies can be deployed in remote locations or even on the front lines, the technology facilitates the production of replacement parts on demand. This has huge benefits when it comes to logistics and military supply chains. For one, troops deployed in remote locations are more self-sufficient when they can print parts they need on the go. This capability also eliminates the need to transport extensive inventories of spare parts; instead, troops must simply bring a 3D printer and materials to print the parts that they need when they need them.</p><p dir="ltr">At military bases, 3D printing technologies are also valuable for spare part production. For example, if a legacy vehicle or aircraft returns with a broken or defective component, engineers can reverse engineer the part and print it on site as a stop-gap solution while the actual part is sourced through a complex supply chain. In some cases, 3D printed parts are also viable to use as permanent replacements, which simplifies supply chains even more. This is thanks to advances in production-grade 3D printing materials, such as glass and carbon fiber reinforced polymers and metal filaments.</p><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIyMzI5MzA5Mjk2LXVsdGkgZGVmZW5jZSA0LmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">The French Army deployed 50 UltiMaker 3D printers in 2020 to overcome supply chain challenges posed by the COVID-19 pandemic. (Photo Source: 3DPrint.com)</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">One example of leveraging 3D printing for spare parts production comes from France, where the French Army launched one of the largest military 3D printing farms in Europe in order to ease supply chain challenges caused by COVID-19. In total, 50 UltiMaker 3D printers were installed at the Ecoles Militaires de Bourges in April 2020 to produce spare parts for repairing systems and vehicles for external operations.<sup>[3]</sup> Today, the French military operates a fleet of about 200 UltiMaker 3D printers.</p><p dir="ltr">Naval units can also benefit from the ability to print replacement parts onboard ships. For example, one UltiMaker customer 3D printed a replacement cold water filter used on ships to filter sea water. Since the original filter broke down while the ship was on a mission, it was not possible to easily source a replacement using conventional methods. Using 3D printing, however, the crew was able to produce a functional replacement in a single day for only €30 (98% less than the original part) using UltiMaker PLA and TPU. The replacement part also ended up lasting longer than the original component.</p><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIyMzI5MzQxMDQwLXVsdGkgZGVmZW5jZSA1LmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">3D printed cold water filter replacement, which only cost €30 to produce onboard a ship. (UltiMaker)</span></span></span></p><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Tools &amp; Equipment Enhancements</h3><p dir="ltr">3D printing has also proven to be a valuable manufacturing technology to military users when it comes to maintenance operations. As we saw above, spare parts play a big role in keeping maintenance and repair operations efficient, but 3D printing can also be used in other ways to streamline workflows and facilitate equipment maintenance, such as in the rapid production of custom tools and assembly aids.</p><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIyMzI5MzYzNzUxLXVsdGkgZGVmZW5jZSA2LmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">3D printed cold water filter replacement, which only cost €30 to produce onboard a ship. (UltiMaker)</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">The Royal Netherlands Air Force has turned to UltiMaker 3D printing to produce a series of custom tools for the maintenance of fighter jets, helicopters, and cargo planes. Maintenance operations to keep military aircraft in top condition can be complex, as aircraft tend to have unique or rare parts. With 3D printing on site, Dutch military maintenance crews have the ability to design and iterate custom tools, such as special caps to cover jet engine openings in transport, or adjustment tools for helicopter parts that dramatically simplify configuration. In many cases, custom tools can be 3D printed in a matter of hours, which accelerates maintenance times and saves costs associated with tool outsourcing.<sup>[4]</sup></p><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIyMzI5Mzk3Njc3LXVsdGkgZGVmZWluY2UgMy5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">Dual-material rotinor turbine wrench used in the maintenance of underwater transport systems. (UltiMaker)</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">In another maintenance use case, a custom rotinor turbine wrench used to maintain an underwater transport system was 3D printed using a combination of PA CF10 and Igus’ iglidur I150-PF filament. While the original tool, made from steel, cost €1100 to manufacture and took 12 weeks of lead time, 3D printing brought the cost and lead time down to just €24 and 13 hours, respectively. Besides the time and cost benefits, 3D printing also made it possible to easily customize the tool, manufacture it on-site, and minimize the risks of system damage through the integration of the tribo filament iglidur I150-PF. &nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">In addition to maintenance tools, 3D printing can be used on the front lines to rapidly produce components that enhance equipment capabilities. For example, troops can take the initiative to 3D print custom brackets for mounting GPS or radio communication systems in vehicles like motorcycles or quads. 3D printing makes it possible to adapt the brackets for different types of communication equipment and integrate features like microphone slots (as was the case with the 3D printed bracket pictured below). This capability not only helps reduce cost and lead times (in this case the 3D printed part was 80% cheaper than the conventional steel component and took only one day to make), it also empowers defense teams, as they iterate helpful products on an as-needed basis using materials fit for the<a href="https://ultimaker.com/learn/lifting-a-12-tonne-tank-with-a-plastic-3d-print/" target="_blank">&nbsp;toughest applications</a>.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIyMzI5NDQ2NTgyLXVsdGkgZGVmZW5zZSAyLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">GPS / Radio bracket fixes a radio communication to vehicles like motorcycles and quads during missions. (UltiMaker)</span></span></span></p><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Medical Devices</h3><p dir="ltr">The medical sector has been a key adopter of 3D printing and has benefited particularly from the technology’s ability to create patient-specific models and devices on demand. These same benefits also translate to the defense sector, where efficient medical treatment is imperative. Having a 3D printer on a base or in the field enables medical teams to rapidly design and iterate potentially life-saving devices, such as patient-specific surgical planning tools or customized prosthetics, even in remote regions.</p><p dir="ltr">Leveraging 3D printing in the production of medical models and devices is not only important to treat military personnel, it can also be deployed in disaster zones to ensure patients receive the care they need and are fitted with custom prosthetic or orthotic devices even when infrastructure and traditional supply chains have failed.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Technological Advancements and Innovations</h2><p dir="ltr">In addition to the aforementioned applications, there are many cutting-edge research and development initiatives to advance additive manufacturing in the defense sector. Below are just a few examples of avenues that militaries and defense researchers are exploring for the use and optimization of additive technologies:</p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;High-performance protective gear and armor that leverages advanced 3D printed materials, metamaterials, and bio-inspired design.</p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;3D printed shelters, barracks, and bunkers made using large-format construction 3D printing systems capable of building in-situ using locally sourced materials.<sup>[5]</sup></p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;AI-driven software to enhance and further automate part design as well as increase the efficiency and consistency of production processes.<sup>[6]</sup></p><h2 dir="ltr">UltiMaker Solutions for Defense&nbsp;</h2><p>Finding the right 3D printing solution for defense applications can be a challenge, as military organizations have many considerations and requirements related to deployability, security, and quality. UltiMaker’s industrial desktop systems, which are now in use for several <a href="https://ultimaker.com/applications/defense/" target="_blank">defense applications</a> around the globe, are a viable solution for defense users seeking to exploit the benefits of 3D printing. For example, UltiMaker’s 3D printing systems—including the <a href="https://ultimaker.com/3d-printers/s-series/" target="_blank">S series</a>, <a href="https://ultimaker.com/3d-printers/method-series/" target="_blank">Method series</a>, and Factor series—offer:</p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;An enclosed and fully protected print chamber, which enables them to be used in challenging environments. (The<a href="https://ultimaker.com/3d-printers/factor-series/ultimaker-factor-4/" target="_blank">&nbsp;Factor 4</a> features a triple-insulated build chamber.)</p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Dual-extrusion capabilities for multi-material builds, easy-to-remove supports, or faster printing rates.</p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;A compact footprint, which facilitates the deployment of 3D printers to remote locations in the field or onboard ships.</p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;The option of a materials case that protects filaments and ensures materials are stored at the right temperature and humidity levels. (In the case of the Factor 4, the system has a built-in automated material handling system.)</p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;A high-level of security and IP protection, since UltiMaker machines and Cura software can be used without cloud connection; all designs and 3D prints can be saved within an organization’s own secure data bubble.</p><p dir="ltr">● &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;Broad material options, including high-strength and high-performance filaments, such as<a href="https://ultimaker.com/materials/factor-series-pps-carbon-fiber/" target="_blank">&nbsp;carbon fiber reinforced polyphenylene sulfide (PPS CF)</a>,<a href="https://ultimaker.com/materials/s-series-pet-carbon-fiber/" target="_blank">&nbsp;PET CF</a>,<a href="https://ultimaker.com/materials/s-series-pc/" target="_blank">&nbsp;Polycarbonate (PC)</a>,<a href="https://ultimaker.com/materials/s-series-tpu-95a/" target="_blank">&nbsp;flexible TPU</a>, and even metal filaments like<a href="https://ultimaker.com/materials/ultimaker-metal-expansion-kit/" target="_blank">&nbsp;Ultrafuse 17-4 PH</a>. The UltiMaker Factor 4 is also compatible with over <a href="https://marketplace.ultimaker.com/app/cura/materials" target="_blank">200 third-party materials</a>.</p><p dir="ltr">In addition to these technical advantages, UltiMaker is also a reliable partner for defense companies and organizations, and is committed to building long-lasting relationships with its clients and ensuring that all needs are met. The company even offers consultancy services that can help end users in the defense sector make the most out of 3D printing and discover innovative new ways of leveraging the technology. &nbsp;&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIyMzI5NTU1ODMyLXVsdGkgZGVmZW5zZSAxLmpwZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">UltiMaker Factor 4 was presented at AM Village, Tournai/Belgium (UltiMaker)</span></span></span></p><h2 dir="ltr">Advancing Defense Goals</h2><p dir="ltr">Ultimately, 3D printing technologies are empowering military organizations to achieve greater efficiency and accelerate innovation, both on bases and in the field. As in other industries like aerospace and automotive, the technology has proven to be uniquely capable of manufacturing critical replacement parts and equipment enhancements on location. In a military context, this is especially valuable as being able to produce components on the go improves operational readiness and ensures critical equipment is kept up and running.</p><p dir="ltr">As we’ve seen, this capability is also game-changing for military logistics and supply chains. Troops deployed in the field or Navy crews can benefit significantly from the ability to manufacture parts when they are needed rather than transporting a large inventory of spare parts or waste significant time sourcing parts through complex supply chains. This versatility means that defense teams simply have to transport a 3D printer and raw materials and can create a wide variety of parts on demand. All in all, additive manufacturing’s capabilities align almost seamlessly with the goals of military applications, with a notable emphasis on customization, adaptability, and innovation.</p><h2 dir="ltr">References</h2><p dir="ltr">[1] Cheney-Peters, Scott; Hipple, Matthew. Print Me a Cruiser! [Internet]. U.S. Naval Institute, April 2013.<a href="https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2013/april/print-me-cruiser" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://www.usni.org/magazines/proceedings/2013/april/print-me-cruiser</a></p><p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">[2] DoD Additive Manufacturing Strategy [Internet]. Department of Defense, January 2021.<a href="https://www.cto.mil/dod-additive-manufacturing-strategy/" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://www.cto.mil/dod-additive-manufacturing-strategy/</a></p><p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">[3] Tampi, Tarun. French Army Deploys Massive Military Print Farm for Spare Parts [Internet]. 3DPrint.Com, July 7, 2020.<a href="https://3dprint.com/269936/french-army-deploys-massive-military-print-farm-for-spare-parts/" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://3dprint.com/269936/french-army-deploys-massive-military-print-farm-for-spare-parts/</a></p><p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">[4] Royal Netherlands Air Force: Speeding up maintenance with 3D printed tools [Internet]. UltiMaker, 2024.<a href="https://ultimaker.com/learn/royal-netherlands-air-force-speeding-up-maintenance-with-3d-printed-tools/" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://ultimaker.com/learn/royal-netherlands-air-force-speeding-up-maintenance-with-3d-printed-tools/</a></p><p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">[5] Riebeling, Alyx. New innovative Army effort builds 3D printed barracks [Internet]. U.S. Army, February, 2024.<a href="https://www.army.mil/article/274036/new_innovative_army_effort_builds_3d_printed_barracks" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://www.army.mil/article/274036/new_innovative_army_effort_builds_3d_printed_barracks</a></p><p dir="ltr">&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">[6] Decker, Audrey. Air Force tests AI-designed, 3D-printed drones [Internet]. Defense One, June, 2024.<a href="https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2024/06/air-forces-mideast-drone-unit-eyes-stateside-element/397257/" target="_blank">&nbsp;https://www.defenseone.com/technology/2024/06/air-forces-mideast-drone-unit-eyes-stateside-element/397257/</a></p>

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