<h3 id="isPasted">Understand the Future of Metal 3D Printing</h3><p>The <strong>Metal 3D Printing Technology Report</strong> is your essential guide to the latest advances, applications, and real-world insights into additive manufacturing with metal. Packed with detailed case studies, &nbsp;practical information, and interviews with industry leaders, this report reveals how metal 3D printing is transforming industries and pushing the boundaries of manufacturing.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1730910790125-Mitsubishi+Chemical+Group++Growth+Garage++Open+Innovation+Program+%289%29.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><h4>Why Read This Report?</h4><p>The 3D printing industry is evolving quickly and staying updated on cutting-edge manufacturing methods is key. This report not only covers the technical processes behind metal laser powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition, metal extrusion, and binder jetting but also delves into:</p><ul><li><strong>Materials &amp; Post-Processing</strong> – Understand the materials powering metal AM and essential post-processing steps for quality assurance.</li><li><strong>Industry Applications</strong> – See how metal 3D printing is reshaping aerospace, medical, and automotive industries with specific use cases.</li><li><strong>Future Trends</strong> – Get a glimpse of emerging trends, sustainability practices, and the exciting potential of metal AM through case studies and industry insights.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>Whether you're new to metal AM or looking to expand your knowledge, this report offers valuable insights to help you make informed decisions and stay ahead.</p><h4>Get Inspired by Real-World Successes</h4><p>Discover how leading companies are using metal 3D printing to overcome complex manufacturing challenges, streamline production, and unlock new possibilities.</p><h4>Download Now</h4><p><br></p>

<h3 id="isPasted">Understand the Future of Metal 3D Printing</h3><p>The <strong>Metal 3D Printing Technology Report</strong> is your essential guide to the latest advances, applications, and real-world insights into additive manufacturing with metal. Packed with detailed case studies, &nbsp;practical information, and interviews with industry leaders, this report reveals how metal 3D printing is transforming industries and pushing the boundaries of manufacturing.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1730910790125-Mitsubishi+Chemical+Group++Growth+Garage++Open+Innovation+Program+%289%29.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><h4><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe id="JotFormIFrame-243032488553458" title="Metal 3D Printing Report" allowtransparency="true" src="https://form.jotform.com/243032488553458" frameborder="0" style="min-width:100%;max-width:100%;height:950px;border:none;" scrolling="no" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"><span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span> </iframe></span></h4><h2>Why Read This Report?</h2><p>The 3D printing industry is evolving quickly and staying updated on cutting-edge manufacturing methods is key. This report not only covers the technical processes behind metal laser powder bed fusion, directed energy deposition, metal extrusion, and binder jetting but also delves into:</p><ul><li><strong>Materials &amp; Post-Processing</strong> – Understand the materials powering metal AM and essential post-processing steps for quality assurance.</li><li><strong>Industry Applications</strong> – See how metal 3D printing is reshaping aerospace, medical, and automotive industries with specific use cases.</li><li><strong>Future Trends</strong> – Get a glimpse of emerging trends, sustainability practices, and the exciting potential of metal AM through case studies and industry insights.&nbsp;</li></ul><p>Whether you're new to metal AM or looking to expand your knowledge, this report offers valuable insights to help you make informed decisions and stay ahead.</p><h4>Get Inspired by Real-World Successes</h4><p>Discover how leading companies are using metal 3D printing to overcome complex manufacturing challenges, streamline production, and unlock new possibilities.</p><hr><h2>Report introduction</h2><p dir="ltr">Metal 3D printing, also known as metal additive manufacturing (AM), is a production technology whose origins date back just three decades to 1994, when German company EOS GmbH launched a system based on its Direct Metal Laser Sintering (DMLS) technology<sup>1</sup>. Despite this short history (particularly compared to metal casting, which dates back thousands of years), metal AM has progressed significantly since its earliest iteration, with various new types of processes being developed, new materials and applications being validated, and consistent market growth. This growth—and the continued proliferation of metal AM technologies—is evident by simply looking at the number of metal AM systems sold from year to year. From 2022 to 2023, for instance, the shipment of metal AM systems grew by 24.4% (from 3,049 systems in 2022 to 3,793 systems in 2023). To put it into perspective, just ten years ago, the number of metal AM systems sold was barely over 500<sup>2</sup>.</p><p dir="ltr">Amongst 3D printing users more generally, there has also been an increase in metal AM adoption, from 39% in 2019 to over 90% in 2023<sup>3</sup>. This indicates how the technology has matured and offers a viable production method for a growing number of prototyping and production applications that benefit from the technology’s propensity for complex designs and small-volume production. While challenges to the broader adoption and implementation of metal AM still exist, efforts are being made across the industry to address these barriers through hardware, software, and materials advances as well as industry-wide cooperations.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">This report delves into the metal 3D printing market, whose estimated global value in 2023 was as high as $7.73 billion<sup>4</sup>, for a full spectrum view of the state of the industry. This report includes insights into the leading metal 3D printing processes available on the market today as well as metal AM materials. The report also highlights other vital steps in the AM process chain, including design and post-processing. The fifth chapter of the report covers metal 3D printing applications, with a focus on the three leading adopter industries: aerospace, medical, and automotive. The next two chapters comprise an analysis of the challenges and limitations facing the metal AM industry as well as the key trends that indicate where the future of the industry is headed. The report’s final chapter presents exclusive insights from three companies active in the metal AM space: manufacturing service Xometry, FFF 3D printing company UltiMaker, and software specialist Aibuild.</p><h3>Tess Boissonneault</h3><p>Report Editor-in-Chief</p><p><br></p><p><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe id="JotFormIFrame-243032488553458" title="Metal 3D Printing Report" allowtransparency="true" src="https://form.jotform.com/243032488553458" frameborder="0" style="min-width:100%;max-width:100%;height:950px;border:none;" scrolling="no" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"><span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span> </iframe></span></p><h2>Acknowledgements:</h2><p>Thank you to contributing author Benedict O’Neill.&nbsp;</p><p>Huge gratitude to the experts at UltiMkaer, Xometry and AIBuild with who we consulted with on the texts.&nbsp;</p><h2>References:</h2><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">1. Singh A, Singh H. Metal additive manufacturing: from history to applications. InInnovations in Additive Manufacturing 2022 Jan 31 (pp. 3-32). Cham: Springer International Publishing.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">2. Wohlers Report 2024 [Internet]. Wohlers Associates; 2024. Available from: <a href="https://wohlersassociates.com/product/wr2024/">https://wohlersassociates.com/product/wr2024/</a>&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">3. Jabil Unveils Findings of Global Survey on 3D Printing Technology Trends [Internet]. Jabil; July 27, 2023. Available from: <a href="https://investors.jabil.com/news/news-details/2023/Jabil-Unveils-Findings-of-Global-Survey-on-3D-Printing-Technology-Trends/default.aspx">https://investors.jabil.com/news/news-details/2023/Jabil-Unveils-Findings-of-Global-Survey-on-3D-Printing-Technology-Trends/default.aspx</a>&nbsp;</p><p>4. Metal 3D Printing Market Size, Share &amp; Trends Analysis Report By Technology, By Software, By Component (Hardware, Software, and Services), By Application, By Printing Type, By Vertical, By Region, And Segment Forecasts, 2024 - 2030 [Internet]. Grandview Research; 2024. Available from: https://www.grandviewresearch.com/industry-analysis/metal-3d-printing-market</p>

Introduction

An engineer’s guide to understanding the state
of the art in metal 3D Printing

Metal 3D Printing Technology Report

<hr><p><em>Welcome to the fourth article in our multi-part series on "<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/women-in-engineering-leadership-unlocking-the-secrets-of-influential-leadership/" target="_blank"><strong>Women in Engineering Leadership</strong></a><strong>,</strong>" brought to you by Mouser Electronics. This series explores various facets of leadership through the lens of prominent women leaders in engineering who are paving the way toward a more inclusive industry. Each installment of this series dives into different aspects of leadership and professional development, underlining strategies, challenges, and key insights. Join us as we discuss the stories, challenges, and triumphs of women leaders redefining the engineering sector.</em></p><hr><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">In engineering, where complex ideas and groundbreaking innovations come to life, effective communication unlocks the door to success. Mastering the art of clear, confident, and impactful communication has become an indispensable tool in helping our featured women leaders break down barriers and leave their mark on the industry.</p><p dir="ltr">But what sets their communication strategies apart? Our interviewees shared their hard-won wisdom. These battle-tested techniques include creating an inclusive environment, communicating with unwavering confidence, practicing active listening, and continuously honing their skills. In this article, we present these techniques alongside the first-hand experiences of the leaders who are rewriting the rules of engagement in engineering, one powerful conversation at a time.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Create the Right Environment&nbsp;</h2><h3 dir="ltr">Give Everyone a Seat at the Table</h3><p dir="ltr">Effective leadership communication is more than information exchange; it inspires trust, fosters transparency, aligns goals, and nurtures an environment where every team member feels valued and understood. Anisha Seli, director of design evaluation engineering at Analog Devices, emphasizes, "Facilitating an inclusive atmosphere where every team member’s voice is heard and valued is crucial. This strategy enhances collaboration, sparks innovation, and bolsters resilience, paving the way for remarkable achievements.” It's our responsibility to actively include and create opportunities for women and minorities, ensuring that everyone has a place at the table.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Share your Personality in the Way you Communicate</h3><p dir="ltr">Shari Begun, VP of worldwide IoT sales at Renesas Electronics, reveals another strategy for effective communication: "When I became a frontline manager, and I gave more presentations, I learned I needed to share my personality in those meetings. My credibility was there, but early on, I missed opportunities to be my authentic self." Showing her personality was critical to her success as an effective communicator. Begun heard a memorable variation of this idea from an executive coach: "You can't have a split personality—one at work and another at home. You must show up as your true self in all aspects of life." Embracing this advice was pivotal to her success as a communicator and leader.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Communicate with Confidence</h2><h3 dir="ltr">Be Direct&nbsp;</h3><p dir="ltr">While communication styles vary, Mitra Tayareh, director of application design engineering at MACOM, believes nothing beats direct communication. “For women in male-dominated fields, clarity and effective communication are absolutely essential," Tayareh stressed. "Whenever possible, opt for face-to-face conversations to deliver your message proficiently.”&nbsp;</p><blockquote><p dir="ltr">For women in male-dominated fields, clarity and effective communication are absolutely essential" -Mitra Tayareh</p></blockquote><h3 dir="ltr">Own your Ideas</h3><p dir="ltr">Many women easily fall into the modesty trap and don't take credit for their work. Cindy Cui, director of software solutions at Keysight Technologies, understands this and tries to combat it. "I always own my idea," says Cui. “Too often, as women, we try to be nice or modest. We may include unnecessary details in our conversation. I do the opposite because I know what I'm talking about and want to convey the message clearly and succinctly.”&nbsp;</p><h3 dir="ltr">Put Facts into a Sentence and Avoid Using the Words "I Believe"</h3><p dir="ltr">Jane Yun, principal system architect at TE Connectivity, explains you can be simultaneously confident and humble: "I have a humbler style of communication—I'm confident, but I want to leave a certain space for other people as well."&nbsp;Achieving this balance is difficult, but excluding terms that undermine your credibility improves your communication. For Yun, "When I speak, I put the facts into a sentence. I avoid phrases like 'I believe' and instead draw on my knowledge about the subject."</p><h2 dir="ltr">Practice Active Listening</h2><h3 dir="ltr">Look for the Real Intent behind Every Message</h3><p dir="ltr">For many of us, listening to the words and tone of a conversation conveys a lot. But sometimes, the real message is still hidden. As a leader, listening to each team member or getting to know their communication style may be complex. But as Jacqueline Olson, head of Americas Automotive Sales at Wolfspeed, points out, looking for the real intent behind every message is imperative: "Listening is key to benefiting from diverse opinions. You can find real value in the message when you truly understand what they are trying to communicate."</p><h3 dir="ltr">Summarize What You Hear to Get Better Clarification</h3><p dir="ltr">Tori Foust, director of project management at Samtec, shared another key lesson from her studies on effective communication. “When I’m listening to someone, I try to first summarize what they’re saying,”&nbsp;says Foust. Then, she responds with an action plan or a response to the message. With clarification up front, she can ensure that she understands what’s being communicated and tailor her response to be more productive.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Effective Communication Doesn’t Always Mean Being More Assertive</h3><p dir="ltr">Esugasini Subramaniam, director of supply chain and engineering at Micron Technology, recommends avoiding a victim mentality. "Early in my career, I believed that women needed to be additionally assertive in their roles. Where a man would say five words, I needed to say twenty words to make things happen," says Subramaniam. "But then I realized that it put me in the victim mentality. Effective communication and the right level of assertiveness go hand in hand." She suggests trying to stop yourself after you've delivered your initial message; overexplaining doesn't make your message more effective.&nbsp;</p><h2 dir="ltr">Keep Working on Yourself</h2><h3 dir="ltr">Determine Your Weak Areas and Work to Improve Them</h3><p dir="ltr">To be a more effective leader, spend time exploring what areas of communication you need to improve. Foust shares that taking tests and courses helps you see your blind spots. “I’ve taken tests to discover my strengths and weaknesses. I need to know how my brain processes information,” says Foust. “I’ve taken several courses over my career to help improve weaknesses, hold better meetings, and practice conducting difficult conversations with role-playing.”&nbsp;</p><h3 dir="ltr">Don’t Let Unconscious Bias Take Over</h3><p dir="ltr">To be an effective communicator, Subramaniam recommends leaving personal biases aside: “You need to make sure you don’t let unconscious bias kick in during crucial conversations. It’s important to teach yourself to be open and not react to differences in perspectives." For many, that means being present, focusing on the words and message of the person with whom you're speaking, and asking for clarification. For others, that can mean reviewing messages and communication from a factual point of view, leaving past experiences at the door, and making more room for openness. &nbsp;</p><h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2><p dir="ltr">In this article on effective communication in engineering, the lessons shared by our featured women leaders highlight the power of authenticity, clarity, and personal interaction in fostering successful outcomes. As we wrap up this discussion, here are the essential strategies to remember:</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Use Your Personality:&nbsp;</strong>Communicate with authenticity by letting your true self shine through in professional settings. This enhances trust and relatability.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Focus on Facts:</strong> Avoid diminishing your message with qualifiers like "I believe." Instead, state your ideas confidently and back them with facts.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Prefer Direct Communication:</strong> Opt for phone calls or face-to-face meetings whenever possible to reduce the risks of miscommunication inherent in digital exchanges.</p></li></ul><p dir="ltr">Adopting these communication strategies can significantly enhance your effectiveness as a leader, ensuring that your ideas are not only heard but also respected and acted upon.</p><hr><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted"><em>This article was initially published in "<a href="https://resources.mouser.com/explore-all/women-in-engineering-leadership-ebook" target="_blank">Women in Engineering Leadership: Advices and Best Practices for New Leaders</a>," an e-magazine by Mouser Electronics and IEEE Women in Engineering Society. It has been substantially edited by the Wevolver team and <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/profile/ravi.rao" target="_blank">Ravi Y Rao</a> for publication on Wevolver. Upcoming articles will explore various aspects of leadership and best practices for new women leaders in the engineering field.</em><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1730733561619-image3.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p>

Article #4 of Women in Engineering Leadership Series: Mastering communication skills helps engineering professionals articulate complex ideas clearly and cultivate collaborative, innovative team dynamics.

Unlocking the Power of Communication: Strategies by Women in Engineering Leadership

<p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Cutting costs during research and development (R&amp;D) is a vital goal for companies looking to maintain a competitive edge. Elon Musk’s five-step cost-reduction method, as discussed in his biography, offers a practical framework for achieving this. In this article, we will explore the steps—questioning, eliminating, simplifying, and more—that can significantly lower R&amp;D costs.</p><h2 dir="ltr">&nbsp;<span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dii" style="width: 822px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1729157147715-1729157147715.png" width="602" height="116" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><span class="fr-inner"><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted"><em>Musk’s Five-Step Cost-Reduction Method</em></p></span></span></span>1. Question: Do You Really Need This?</h2><p dir="ltr">Questioning is the cornerstone of Musk’s five-step cost-reduction method, but it is also the hardest step to implement. He encourages developers to question every part of their design, challenging established norms and assumptions. As Musk famously said, “Only through relentless questioning can you truly solve problems.”</p><p dir="ltr">Here are some examples of the kinds of questions you might ask:</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Why is the part’s wall thickness 4mm? You need to question it.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Why is the part made from carbon fiber? You need to question it.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Why is the part manufactured using machining? You need to question it.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr">Why does this part exist in the first place? You need to question it.</p></li></ul><p dir="ltr">By questioning everything, you can identify unnecessary complexity and opportunities for cost savings. For example, when designing the Starship rocket, Musk questioned the widely accepted use of carbon fiber for the rocket’s shell. After some calculations, he discovered that using carbon fiber would cost millions of dollars, while a stainless-steel alternative could be achieved for just a fraction of the cost. This level of questioning is what allows for real breakthroughs in cost reduction, while maintains the functionality.</p><h2 dir="ltr">2. Delete: Cut What Doesn’t Add Value</h2><p dir="ltr">After you’ve questioned every part of your product, the next step is elimination—removing anything that doesn’t directly contribute to the product’s functionality or value. As Musk advises, “Delete any part or process you can. You may have to add some back later, but if you don't end up adding back at least 10%, then you didn’t delete enough.”</p><p dir="ltr">This process of deleting could mean removing unnecessary components, features, or processes. For instance, in the example shown in Figure-1, optimized design was simplified by eliminating one part entirely. In the original design, two components (A and B) were welded together to perform a clipping function. Part B, which was machined, was removed, and its function was integrated into Part A, a sheet metal piece. By reducing the part quantities from two to one, not only was the need for welding eliminated, but the overall cost was also significantly lowered.</p><p dir="ltr">This method can yield substantial cost savings by eliminating unnecessary complexity right from the design phase.</p><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dii" style="width: 822px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1729157149415-1729157149415.png" width="361" height="227" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><span class="fr-inner">Figure-1. Consider the Possibilities of Removing Every Part a) Original Design b) Optimized Design</span></span></span></p><h2 dir="ltr">3. Simplify: The Power of Streamlining</h2><p dir="ltr">Once unnecessary parts have been removed, the next step is to simplify or optimize. This means refining the design and processes to make them as efficient as possible. A streamlined design not only reduces costs by using fewer components, but it also speeds up manufacturing, minimizes the risk of errors, and shortens assembly times.</p><p dir="ltr">In Musk’s five-step method, simplifying follows elimination, ensuring that the remaining components and processes are working in the most effective way. This could involve simplifying the manufacturing steps, selecting more efficient materials, or reducing complexity in the assembly process. Ultimately, optimization drives both cost savings and greater production efficiency.</p><p dir="ltr">For more instances of simplifying and optimizing part design, you might be inspired by this article:<a href="https://www.rpworld.com/en/resources/blog/simplifying-medical-device-design.html">&nbsp;Simplifying Medical Device Design</a>.</p><h2 dir="ltr">4. Accelerate: Use On-Demand Manufacturing</h2><p dir="ltr">The fourth step is to accelerate the cycle time. By speeding up processes, companies can reduce development timelines and bring products to market faster, which ultimately lowers costs.</p><p dir="ltr">One effective way to accelerate production is through on-demand manufacturing, which has transformed traditional manufacturing by allowing companies to produce only what they need, exactly when they need it. Particularly beneficial during the R&amp;D phase, where frequent design changes and iterative prototypes are common, on-demand manufacturing enables low-volume production, helping companies avoid the financial burden of overproduction or excess inventory. It also provides the flexibility to quickly adjust designs without incurring the high costs of retooling or scrapping large production runs, thus minimizing waste and accelerating time-to-market.</p><h2 dir="ltr"><strong>5. Automate: Boost Efficiency and Reduce Errors</strong></h2><p dir="ltr">The final step in Musk’s method is automation. Automating processes reduces human error, increases efficiency, and shortens lead times. This could involve incorporating robotics in assembly lines or using software to streamline workflows.</p><h2 dir="ltr">How RPWORLD’s On-Demand Manufacturing Supports Cost Reduction?</h2><p dir="ltr">While Musk’s five-step method—questioning, deleting, simplifying, accelerating, and automating—provides a powerful framework for cutting costs, RPWORLD specifically helps innovative companies bring products to market faster and more cost-effective while maintaining high quality. Here’s how our services contribute to cost savings:</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><strong>Low-volume Production</strong>: RPWORLD is specialized in rapid prototyping and on-demand manufacturing services, the low-volume production offers fast turnaround time and flexibility without sacrificing quality, perfect for R&amp;D or market testing.</li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Comprehensive One-Stop Service</strong>:&nbsp;RPWORLD manufacturing services cover everything from CNC machining, injection molding, and sheet metal fabrication to a wide variety of finishing options such as painting, anodizing, printing, plating and basic assembly, ensuring that every part of your project is handled efficiently under one roof.</p></li><li><strong>Advanced Quality Control</strong>: RPWORLD uses state-of-the-art inspection equipment, including CMM, 3D scanners, flash measuring machine, optical spectrum analyzers and more, to ensure every component meets your exact specifications. Our multi-stage quality control process guarantees consistency and reliability at every step.</li></ul>

In this article, we will explore the steps—questioning, eliminating, simplifying, and more—that can significantly lower R&D costs.

5 Strategies to Simplify R&D and Reduce Costs

<p data-sourcepos="3:1-3:433" id="isPasted">In the intricate landscape of electronics manufacturing, precise and efficient pricing is the cornerstone of success. Traditional methods, often involving manual quoting processes, are time-consuming and prone to inaccuracies. MacroFab's FabIQ emerges as a revolutionary solution, leveraging artificial intelligence and a vast database to deliver instantaneous, accurate pricing for printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies and panels.</p><p data-sourcepos="5:1-5:345"><a href="https://www.macrofab.com/fabiq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">FabIQ's</a> innovative approach is rooted in a decade of data-driven insights. By meticulously analyzing data pricing and manufacturing design files from nearly 100,000 products, the platform swiftly assesses factors such as component density, part complexity, and manufacturing requirements. This comprehensive analysis empowers FabIQ to generate highly accurate pricing estimates without human intervention.</p><p data-sourcepos="7:1-7:389">One of FabIQ's standout features is its ability to identify potential cost-saving avenues. By examining component choices and manufacturing processes, the platform can suggest alternative options that may reduce costs without compromising performance or functionality. This is particularly valuable for engineers grappling with supply chain challenges or seeking to optimize their designs.</p><p data-sourcepos="9:1-9:304">Beyond pricing, FabIQ extends its capabilities to address supply chain hurdles. The platform can recommend engineer-approved alternative components for out-of-stock or end-of-life parts. This automated solution frees engineers from the time-consuming task of manually searching for suitable replacements.</p><p data-sourcepos="11:1-11:35">The benefits of FabIQ are manifold:</p><ul data-sourcepos="13:1-19:0"><li data-sourcepos="13:1-13:177"><strong>Speed and Efficiency:</strong> FabIQ's instantaneous pricing eliminates the need for lengthy manual quoting processes, allowing engineers to obtain accurate cost estimates swiftly.</li><li data-sourcepos="14:1-14:165"><strong>Accuracy:</strong> By harnessing AI and a vast database, FabIQ provides highly accurate pricing information, minimizing the risk of unexpected cost increases or delays.</li><li data-sourcepos="15:1-15:163"><strong>Cost Optimization:</strong> FabIQ's ability to identify cost-saving opportunities empowers engineers to optimize their designs and reduce overall manufacturing costs.</li><li data-sourcepos="16:1-16:152"><strong>Supply Chain Support:</strong> FabIQ's automated alternative component suggestions can help mitigate supply chain challenges and ensure project continuity.</li><li data-sourcepos="17:1-17:163"><strong>Scalability:</strong> FabIQ is designed to handle projects of varying sizes and complexities, making it a valuable tool for both small startups and large enterprises.</li><li data-sourcepos="18:1-19:0"><strong>Integration:</strong> FabIQ can be easily integrated into existing design and manufacturing workflows, streamlining the entire PCB production process.</li></ul><p data-sourcepos="20:1-20:406">MacroFab's FabIQ represents a significant advancement in PCB pricing and sourcing. By combining AI, data-driven insights, and supply chain expertise, FabIQ offers a powerful tool for engineers seeking to optimize their designs, reduce costs, and accelerate time-to-market. As the electronics industry continues to evolve, solutions like FabIQ will play a pivotal role in driving efficiency and innovation.</p><p data-sourcepos="22:1-22:397">FabIQ's ability to provide accurate, instant pricing, identify cost-saving opportunities, and assist with supply chain challenges positions it as a valuable asset for electronics manufacturers. By leveraging AI and a vast database, FabIQ offers a streamlined and efficient solution for PCB pricing and sourcing, enabling engineers to focus on innovation and product development.</p><p data-sourcepos="22:1-22:397"><br></p><p data-sourcepos="22:1-22:397"><a href="https://www.macrofab.com/fabiq/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Learn more about MacroFab's FabIQ now</a>.&nbsp;&nbsp;</p>

MacroFab's FabIQ aims to disrupt this status quo by leveraging artificial intelligence and a vast database to provide instant, accurate pricing for printed circuit board (PCB) assemblies and panels.

MacroFab's FabIQ is a Data-Driven Approach to PCB Pricing and Sourcing

<p id="isPasted">Aerodynamic shape optimization (ASO) is a key technique in aerodynamic design aimed at enhancing an object's physical performance while adhering to specific constraints.</p><p>To optimize a 3D shape, one has to represent it in terms of a number of parameters that can be fed to the optimizer. A standard way to do this is to use a technique known as Free Form Deformations (FFD). Unfortunately, this requires extensive manual intervention and even when used by a domain expert, it often takes a great deal of trial and error to get right.</p><h2><strong>Deep Geometric Mapping</strong></h2><p>Now, researchers in the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.epfl.ch/labs/cvlab/" target="_blank">Computer Vision Laboratory</a> (CVLab), part of the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.epfl.ch/schools/ic/" target="_blank">School of Computer and Communication Sciences</a><u>(IC),</u> in collaboration with colleagues at&nbsp;<a href="https://www.isae-supaero.fr/en/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">ISAE-SupAero</a> in France, have developed the DeepGeo model, a fully automated neural-network-based approach to generating the required parameterization for complex geometries.</p><p>“DeepGeo performs the same function as FFD, but uses recent developments in deep learning to eliminate the need for human tinkering. It finds the appropriate parameters, which are then used to optimize the aircraft design. It is no longer necessary to spend months coming up with good parameterization,” explained Professor Pascal Fua, Head of the CV Lab.</p><p>DeepGeo also adapts the volumetric meshes modeling - the discretized computational domain surrounding the target object - as its shape changes during optimization. These volumetric meshes are necessary to perform the required Computational Fluid Dynamics computations and automating their deformation further reduces the workload of the designers.</p><p>Because it is innovative and potentially transformational, the corresponding paper,&nbsp;<a href="https://infoscience.epfl.ch/entities/publication/b3fd399e-a66f-433d-b066-c44d454ec9bd" target="_blank">DeepGeo: Deep Geometric Mapping for Automated and Effective Parameterization in Aerodynamic Shape Optimization</a> recently won a best student paper award at the biggest aeronautics conference of the year, the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.aiaa.org/aviation/#:~:text=Join%20AIAA%20in%20Las%20Vegas,%20NV%20from%2021%20to%2025" target="_blank" rel="noopener">American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics Forum ‘24</a>.</p><p>It outlines how DeepGeo is based on deep geometric learning techniques without requiring large-scale training datasets. Multiple case studies undertaken by the researchers, including 2D circle-to-airfoil optimization, 3D CRM wing optimization, and 3D Blended-Wing-Body aircraft optimization, demonstrate the effectiveness and robustness of DeepGeo. It delivers comparable performance to FFD at a fraction of the cost in terms of the required effort by human designers.</p><p>“By eliminating the need for extensive datasets and hyperparameter tuning, DeepGeo significantly reduces implementation complexity and cost and our research highlights its potential to automate ASO, making it more accessible and efficient,” added Zhen Wei, a doctoral assistant in the CV Lab and first author on the paper.</p><h2><strong>A personal passion driving green aviation design</strong></h2><p>For Fua, his drive to optimize green aviation design goes beyond the laboratory. He’s a passionate glider pilot and recently took part in a journey with motorized gliders from Chambéry in France to Ourzazate in Morocco.</p><p>Whilst the adventure was a lot of fun, Fua was constantly monitoring the sustainability of the trip and uses his amateur ‘in the air’ experience as inspiration for new research ideas. The expedition was soaring most of the time and only used the engines very sparingly. It covered more than 5000 km using the engine for less than 5 hours in a total of 55 hours flying time.</p><p>“For more sustainable aviation, the game is to essentially change the shape of aircraft to reduce drag. This is an old problem, it's been around forever,” explained Fua. “Going forward we want to first use DeepGeo on model gliders used for FAI competitions. Because they need to fulfil so many contradictory requirements while being reasonably cheap to build, they are a wonderful test bed for our technology.”</p><h2><strong>Beyond sustainable aviation</strong></h2><p>Whilst model gliders will provide a demonstration of what DeepGeo can do, there’s a much bigger picture: This research is about optimizing design and efficiency for commercial jets and passenger airlines – planes with engines – and a wide range of applications beyond.</p><p>Beyond the field of aeronautics, the automated simultaneous design of shapes that interact, such as contiguous car components or internal parts of turbines, is a pervasive and open problem. One of Fua’s long term goals is to revolutionize the way that composite objects, whose parts can have arbitrary shapes or topologies, are modelled, manipulated and optimized, enforcing both design constraints on individual parts and compatibility constraints among these parts.</p><p>“DeepGeo offers a promising solution for complex geometric parameterization in the field of aerodynamic shape optimization. Future work in this direction will be key in designing energy-efficient machines at a time when minimizing humanity’s impact on the environment has become a critical concern,” Fua concluded.</p>

EPFL professor’s passion for sustainable flying and expertise in machine learning and computer vision drives innovation in green aviation design and beyond.

A new deep learning model for easier sustainable aircraft design

<h2 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Introduction</h2><p dir="ltr">In the fast-paced world of technology, the ability to adapt and learn from various disciplines is invaluable. One of the most influential tools in software development is Git, a version control system that has revolutionized how engineering teams collaborate and manage code changes. While Git is traditionally associated with software, its principles and practices offer significant advantages when applied to hardware development, a field where managing complex workflows and collaboration are equally critical.</p><p dir="ltr">Hardware development, like software, involves intricate design and testing phases, but it faces unique challenges due to its physical componentry and integration needs. By examining and adapting the methodologies used in Git, hardware engineers can potentially streamline their workflows and enhance productivity. This article explores the role of software practices, specifically those associated with Git, in transforming hardware development processes facilitated by platforms like <a href="http://www.allspice.io" target="_blank">AllSpice</a> that integrate these methodologies seamlessly into hardware projects.</p><hr><p><em>This article is part of </em><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/the-future-of-hardware-development-collaborative-tools-and-techniques" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong><em>The Future of Hardware Development</em></strong></a><em>, a series featuring insights into how cutting-edge collaborative platforms transform traditional hardware development workflows, integrating advanced version control systems and paving the way for more efficient, error-free project management.</em></p><hr><h2 dir="ltr">Bringing agility to hardware development</h2><p dir="ltr">Agile methodologies, traditionally rooted in software development, emphasize flexibility, efficiency, and continuous improvement through iterative development and frequent reassessment. These principles can also be beneficial in hardware development, which often suffers from long development cycles and complex integration challenges.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Adapting Agile practices for hardware development</h3><p dir="ltr">Incorporating Agile, a responsive and adaptive approach to project management, into hardware development involves breaking down large projects into smaller, manageable increments that are continuously evaluated. This method allows teams to focus on delivering functional segments of a product regularly, facilitating early detection of design flaws and integration issues. Moreover, Agile encourages cross-functional collaboration, ensuring that mechanical, electrical, and software components are aligned and integrated from the early stages of development.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Implementing CI/CD in hardware development</h3><p dir="ltr">The incorporation of software methodologies such as <a href="https://allspice.io/post/ci-cds-impact-on-hardware-development-life-cycles" target="_blank">Continuous Integration (CI)</a> and Continuous Delivery (CD) into hardware development represents a significant shift towards more dynamic and responsive design processes. Originally pioneered in the software industry to facilitate rapid development cycles and enhance product quality, these methodologies are now being adapted to meet the unique challenges of hardware engineering.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">CI is a practice where developers frequently integrate their changes into a shared repository several times a day. Each integration can then be verified by an automated build and automated tests. While this concept is straightforward in software, applying it to hardware development involves adapting these principles to accommodate physical products. Sophisticated automated testing architecture is required that can immediately test hardware components as they are designed or modified. These systems might include simulation software that can predict how a change in one component affects others or physical testing rigs that automatically run tests on actual hardware pieces.</p><p dir="ltr">CI in hardware involves the regular integration of component designs and sub-assemblies into a central repository where automated builds and tests ensure early detection of potential integration issues. This approach reduces the risks associated with integrating hardware components late in the development cycle, thus minimizing costly delays and errors.</p><p dir="ltr">CD extends CI by ensuring that hardware designs can be released into production at any time. &nbsp;Establishing routines where hardware designs are regularly updated and integrated into the main project repository. This practice helps in identifying integration issues early, preventing the last-minute surprises that can delay product releases. It streamlines the path from design to manufacture, allowing teams to quickly respond to market changes and customer feedback.</p><p dir="ltr">Building on the foundation of Agile and CI/CD, the adoption of Git practices in hardware development can further streamline processes. Git, with its robust version control system, provides the tools to manage complex design files much like software code is managed.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Core concepts of Git relevant to hardware development</h2><p dir="ltr">Git has fundamentally transformed software development practices, offering a robust framework for managing complex projects through its decentralized approach and powerful tools for collaboration. The principles that make Git effective for software are equally applicable to hardware development, where managing iterations, collaboration, and integration are paramount.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">By dissecting the core concepts of Git, we can uncover how these can be translated into the hardware development process, offering a systematic approach to managing the complexities inherent in physical product design and production.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Version control</h3><p dir="ltr">Git's primary function is to serve as a version control system, allowing developers to track changes over time. This function is crucial in hardware development, where each component's design might evolve through multiple iterations. Implementing version control allows engineers to maintain a comprehensive history of changes, revert to previous versions when needed, and understand the evolution of each component.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Branching and merging</h3><p dir="ltr">Branching is one of Git’s standout features, permitting multiple developers to work on different features simultaneously without affecting the main project. This methodology can be incredibly beneficial in a multidisciplinary hardware project where electrical, mechanical, and software teams need to develop parts independently before integrating them into a single product. Merging then allows these independent lines of development to come together in a controlled and recorded manner, ensuring that all contributions are aligned and functional.<span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 832px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728320239653-Alice+Martins+VPGM+Industrial+Solutions%2C+Sensata+Technologies+Anisha+Raj+Seli+Director+of+Design+Evaluation+Engineering%2C+Analog+Devices+Alice+Martins+is+a+dynamic+leader+with+a+global+perspective++%282%29.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="git-flow-branching-strategy"><span class="fr-inner" spellcheck="false">Git flow branching strategy: Git flow strategy is a process that starts off with the dev-main branch pair but adds additional feature branches as the development continues. Source: AllSpice</span></span></span></p><h3 dir="ltr">Commits</h3><p dir="ltr">In Git, <a href="https://allspice.io/post/git-for-hardware-commit-best-practices" target="_blank">commits act as checkpoints</a> where individual changes to files are saved. Each commit includes a message describing the change, providing a clear audit trail of who did what and why. For hardware development, this means every change to the design files, from a small modification in a component to a major architectural overhaul, can be tracked and documented. This level of detail is invaluable, particularly for complex projects requiring certification or regulatory compliance.</p><p dir="ltr">By adopting these core Git concepts, hardware development teams can achieve greater control over project complexities, improve the accuracy of their documentation, and enhance collaboration across different areas of expertise, all of which are essential for successful hardware innovation.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728320256270-image6.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="git-for-hardware-banner"></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted"><em>Check out an eBook by AllSpice about mastering Git for hardware engineering:&nbsp;</em><a href="https://content.allspice.io/en-us/git-for-hardware-guide" target="_blank"><em><strong>The Git for Hardware Guide</strong></em></a></p><h2 dir="ltr">Benefits for the hardware industry</h2><p dir="ltr">The adaptation of software practices such as Agile and CI/CD into hardware development brings numerous tangible benefits that significantly elevate industry standards.</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Reduced Time to Market:</strong>&nbsp;By enabling more frequent integration and quicker feedback loops, CI/CD practices help hardware teams accelerate their design and development cycles. This rapid iteration capability allows companies to bring products to market faster than ever before, responding swiftly to consumer demands and technological advancements.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Enhanced Product Quality: </strong>Continuous testing and integration ensure that any discrepancies or defects are identified and addressed early in the development process. This not only improves the reliability of the final product but also boosts consumer trust and satisfaction.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Cost Efficiency:</strong>&nbsp;Streamlined workflows and automated processes reduce the need for repeated manual interventions, cutting down on labor costs and minimizing the risk of expensive errors. These efficiencies make the overall development process more cost-effective, allowing companies to allocate resources more strategically.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Environmental Sustainability:</strong>&nbsp;Efficient use of resources and reduction in waste are key benefits of integrating CI/CD into hardware development. These practices promote sustainability by minimizing the ecological footprint of manufacturing processes, in line with global efforts towards environmental conservation.</p></li></ul><p dir="ltr">These benefits clearly illustrate how incorporating software methodologies into hardware development can lead to smarter, faster, and more responsible manufacturing practices.</p><h2 dir="ltr">AllSpice's role in modernizing hardware development</h2><p dir="ltr">AllSpice is a Git-based collaboration platform that leverages the principles of software development to transform hardware engineering practices. By integrating CI/CD into the hardware development process, AllSpice enhances operational efficiency and significantly reduces environmental impact. Now, let's look at some of the practical benefits of using the AllSpice platform.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Automated workflows</h3><p>AllSpice Actions enhances Agile workflows in hardware development by introducing automated tasks and workflows that are seamlessly integrated into the Agile sprint cycles. <a href="https://allspice.io/post/automating-component-validation-tests-with-allspice-actions-for-electrical-engineers" target="_blank">By automating design checks, validation processes, and documentation updates</a>, teams can focus more on iterative design improvements and less on repetitive tasks. This integration allows for faster sprint cycles, improved team collaboration, and real-time feedback, which are crucial for Agile environments where quick pivoting and iterative updates are standard.<span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 832px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728320290002-image3.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="allspice-actions"><span class="fr-inner" spellcheck="false">A diagram illustrating the components of AllSpice Actions</span></span></span></p><h3 dir="ltr">CI/CD with AllSpice actions</h3><p dir="ltr"><a href="https://allspice.io/actions" target="_blank">AllSpice Actions</a> is a feature designed to foster a robust CI environment specifically tailored for hardware development. With features like automated Bill of Materials (BOM) generation, netlist analysis checks, and design review audit logs, hardware engineers can ensure that every design iteration is tested and validated from the start of the development process. This reduces the integration issues typically faced at the later stages of hardware design, ensuring a smoother, more reliable integration of new design changes.<span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 832px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728320311059-image5.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="allspice-actions-demo"><span class="fr-inner" spellcheck="false">Any manual operation in AllSpice, such as performing tests or generating reports of design feedback, can be automated using AllSpice Actions. Source: AllSpice</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">In hardware engineering, where changes can be costly and time-consuming, CD is facilitated by AllSpice Actions through automated workflows that streamline the release process. From automated compliance reports to final release packaging, AllSpice ensures that each design iteration is not only tested but also ready for deployment at any stage. This capability is crucial for maintaining a competitive edge by enabling faster market entry of new and updated products.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Error detection and resolution</h3><p dir="ltr">Early and immediate error detection is a core requirement of effective CI/CD pipelines. With AllSpice, engineers can integrate early error detection mechanisms directly into the design process, catching issues like incomplete libraries or invalid part numbers as soon as they arise. This immediate feedback loop helps in the quick resolution of issues, significantly reducing downtime and backtracking in design workflows, which is especially beneficial in an Agile setup.<span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 832px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728320348424-image1.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="allspice-issues"><span class="fr-inner" spellcheck="false">Issues that are identified during design reviews can be efficiently raised and tracked in AllSpice. Source: AllSpice</span></span></span></p><h3 dir="ltr">Standardization and compliance</h3><p dir="ltr">Maintaining standardization across projects is vital for scaling operations in hardware development. AllSpice supports this by allowing teams to define standard workflow templates and checklists that ensure compliance with internal and industry standards. This standardization helps reduce variability in the outcomes and simplifies the onboarding process for new team members, aligning with the principles of both Agile and CI/CD methodologies.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Efficiency and productivity</h3><p dir="ltr">By reducing manual checks and fostering an environment of automated validations and checks, AllSpice notably increases engineering productivity. Teams can allocate more resources towards innovation and development rather than getting bogged down by routine checks and validations. This efficiency is a direct benefit of integrating CI/CD principles, which focus on automating as much of the software development process as possible to increase release rates and improve product quality.</p><p dir="ltr"><em>Visit <a href="https://allspice.io/" target="_blank"><strong>AllSpice’s official website</strong></a> today to explore how the platform can streamline your hardware development process.</em></p><h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2><p dir="ltr">Overcoming challenges in hardware engineering requires a committed approach to adopting new technologies and practices. By leveraging platforms like AllSpice and adopting a gradual, informed strategy to integration, hardware development teams can reap the substantial benefits of software methodologies, making way for more efficient, agile, and sustainable product development.</p><h2 dir="ltr">References</h2><p dir="ltr">[1] Jamie. CI/CD's impact on hardware development life cycles [Internet]. AllSpice. Available from: <a href="https://allspice.io/post/ci-cds-impact-on-hardware-development-life-cycles" target="_blank">https://allspice.io/post/ci-cds-impact-on-hardware-development-life-cycles</a></p><p dir="ltr">[2] Jamie. Benefits of Git for hardware: Branches &amp; branch protections [Internet]. AllSpice. Available from: <a href="https://allspice.io/post/benefits-of-git-for-hardware-branches-branch-protections" target="_blank">https://allspice.io/post/benefits-of-git-for-hardware-branches-branch-protections</a></p><hr><p><em>Download the eBook, '<a href="https://allspice.io/implementing-git-for-hardware-in-30-days" target="_blank"><strong>Implementing Git in 30 Days</strong></a>,' to start transforming your hardware development process today.</em><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728320365081-image4.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="allspice-implementing-git-for-hardware-in-30-days-banner"></p>

AllSpice is a Git-based collaboration platform that transforms hardware development by streamlining project workflows, enhancing design precision, and reducing time to market through established software engineering practices such as Agile and CI/CD.

Learning from Git: The Role of Software Practices in Hardware Development

<p id="isPasted">Centurion Performance &amp; Engines is an Illinois-based manufacturer of custom performance engines and parts. It is also a custom tuning and install body shop in high demand.</p><p>Founded in 2009, the company has a research and development department equipped with an array of advanced tools, including a machining center with a SolidWorks station. This comprehensive setup enables the team to design and test the unique combinations of systems and parts that set their products apart, achieving levels of functionality never seen before. Many components and ideas tested here are subsequently integrated into other builds, driving continuous improvement and innovation for customers.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727935731270-IMG_4466-1536x1152.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><h2 id="isPasted">The challenge: Hand fabrication makes production scalability difficult</h2><p>Centurion Performance &amp; Engines prides itself on making superior-quality products for its discerning clientele. However, due to increasing demand and an uptick in the complexity of the components to be developed, the Centurion team realized that fabrication experts could no longer rely on manual processes alone.</p><p>The conventional fabrication processes were slow and difficult to replicate accurately, preventing team members from producing consistent, high-quality parts and assemblies. This was especially true when it came to implementing organic surfaces to design composite panels that mate properly together and create new power systems that could fit into existing engine compartments.<a href="https://www.creaform3d.com/blog/pun5th75ef_wp/wp-content/uploads/IMG_4451-scaled.jpg" target="_blank"><br></a></p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727935746178-IMG_4451-1152x1536.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p id="isPasted">Moving from prototype to production was particularly challenging due to difficulties in visualizing the entire system, such as an engine bay, without a digital representation. This led to a lot of back-and-forth between teams and longer lead times.</p><p>Many innovative projects remained in the conceptual stage because the cost and time associated with manually developing the systems were prohibitive. Recognizing the importance of accurate equipment for successful prototype parts, Centurion Performance &amp; Engines was motivated to explore more viable and efficient solutions.</p><p>“Having already worked with a customer on a reverse engineering project with a CMM, I knew that a metrology-based solution was key to developing successful prototypes,” explained Tim Slater, the company’s president. “Having seen 3D scanning technologies in action, it became very and immediately clear this was a direction we needed to go.”</p><h2>The solution: HandySCAN BLACK Elite and VXmodel outperform in terms of 3D scanning accuracy and post-processing speed</h2><p>Tim tested multiple 3D measurement products. “After much difficulty in post-processing scans, which led to inaccuracies in the data, and realizing how much time and effort was spent manipulating the scan so that I could complete a post-process to satisfaction, I decided to try the metrology-grade HandySCAN BLACK Elite,” he said. “It was a decision that came after a year and a half of frustration and lack of acceptable results.”</p><p>The engineering team were impressed with the results. “The accuracy of the raw 3D scans combined with the power of Creaform’s VXmodel post-processing software gave us the speed and extremely high-quality renderings we simply couldn’t get with the other equipment we tried. The ease of scanning is great, and the software is brilliant.”</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727935773373-CowlingExitScan-1536x800.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p id="isPasted">Creaform’s technology transformed Centurion Performance &amp; Engines’ time to market and production capacity. Using the HandySCAN BLACK Elite, teams could quickly and accurately scan components and existing engine compartments, allowing for precise design and integration of new power systems that met customers’ exacting standards. The ability to quickly create and test prototypes significantly reduced development time.</p><p>For instance, Tim was able to design, manufacture, and test a new part for their race team’s airplane within 48 hours—a process that traditionally would have taken much longer.</p><p>“After completing nearly two months of non-stop work modifying our race team’s first airplane, test flights were completed satisfactorily with three days remaining before needing to leave for the racing event. An area left unfinished was a large clearance hole that was cut in the bottom of the engine cowling to fit the new performance exhaust system,” he described.</p><p>“Knowing this large hole was a major drag contributor, I set out to create a part to close it off and direct the engine cooling air appropriately and efficiently out the bottom of the aircraft. &nbsp;On a Tuesday afternoon, I scanned the bottom of the cowling and surrounding area. Then, I sat on the computer for a couple of hours processing the scan, designing the part, and then the mould to create the part. &nbsp;At about 11 p.m., I was at our facility, piecing together the appropriate pieces of urethane tooling board to machine out the mould. &nbsp;At about 5 a.m., the machining was complete. I returned late in the morning to prepare the mould for laying up the carbon fibre part. Once the part was laid up and in a vacuum bag, I set a timer for 24 hours. Thursday late morning, I removed the part from the mould and transported it to the aircraft for trimming and installation. The part was fitted, installed, exhaust extended, and heat shields in place by about 9 pm that evening after barely 2 days from the start of the project.”</p><h2><span lang="EN-US">The results: Greater production output and new market opportunities</span></h2><p>Implementing HandySCAN BLACK Elite and VXmodel generated impactful business benefits for Centurion Performance &amp; Engines.</p><p>Tim mentioned that “the ability to visualize and fit components digitally before fabrication saved a tremendous amount of time and energy. The ROI comes from the ability to produce and sell multiples of a part—with unbeatable accuracy—thanks to extremely high-quality scanning that results in excellent tooling.”</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727935781624-IMG_1688-1152x1536.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p id="isPasted">He emphasized the importance of counting on a 3D scanning solution with a powerful and integrated post-processing software module. “The capabilities of VXmodel are far and above others I have used. I see all sorts of pretty scans people make with inexpensive handheld scanners. Nevertheless, the ability to pull accurate and consistent data off of the scan is where VXmodel shines. Its surfacing tools and the ability to send the files and scans directly into SolidWorks is nothing short of phenomenal.”</p><p>Creaform’s 3D scanner and scan-to-CAD software also created additional market opportunities for Tim’s business, allowing it to offer new services and product applications that were previously not feasible. “Since we bought HandySCAN BLACK Elite and VXmodel, we’ve been off to the races,” Tim concluded. “I have the confidence in the 3Dscanner, data and software to tackle any development or prototype project!</p>

Creaform’s technology transformed Centurion Performance & Engines’ time to market and production capacity. Using the HandySCAN BLACK Elite, teams could quickly and accurately scan components and existing engine compartments, allowing for precise design and integration of new power systems

Revolutionizing Custom Engine Fabrication with HandySCAN BLACK Elite & VXmodel

<p><em>This is the second article in our multi-part series on "</em><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/women-in-engineering-leadership-unlocking-the-secrets-of-influential-leadership/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em><strong>Women in Engineering Leadership</strong></em></a><em>," brought to you by Mouser Electronics. This series explores various facets of leadership through the lens of prominent female leaders in engineering who are paving the way toward a more inclusive industry. Each installment of this series dives into different aspects of leadership and professional development, underlining strategies, challenges, and key insights. Join us as we discuss the stories, challenges, and triumphs of women leaders redefining the engineering landscape.</em></p><hr><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">What makes a team excel? This question is at the heart of organizational success. Leaders need to master the art of hiring individuals with the right skills and mindset and nurturing these talents to foster a culture of innovation and cooperation. From impactful interviewing techniques to strategies for maintaining team morale and cohesion, this article explains the crucial steps for assembling and sustaining a high-performing team. Offering insights from industry experts, this piece presents ways to build, nurture, and retain teams that propel companies to the top of their game, essentially outlining the blueprint for building the dream team.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Build a High-Performing Team</h2><p dir="ltr">Building a dream team starts with the interview process. To create a foundation for success, you must hire and cultivate people with a growth mindset, seek out critical thinkers, and prioritize passion and positive attitudes. But building the team is just the beginning. Leaders must nurture high performers, emphasize personal relationships, share wins, and foster a culture of trust and empowerment. To retain top talent, you must keep your best and brightest engaged, motivated, and committed to the team's success.&nbsp;</p><h3 dir="ltr">Ask About the Impact New Hires Made in their Previous Role</h3><p dir="ltr">Tori Foust, director of project management at Samtec, reveals her secret to building high-performing teams: "When hiring, I ask candidates about the legacy they left at their previous company. I want to know if they implemented changes that are still in use, made a difference in operations, or implemented something that improved the business."</p><p dir="ltr">Foust emphasizes that the impact doesn't have to be huge: "Even something as small as creating a form to streamline meeting setups can demonstrate a focus on continuous improvement, which is a key quality I look for in new hires."</p><h3 dir="ltr">Look for Someone with a Growth Mindset</h3><p dir="ltr">Esugasini Subramaniam, director of supply chain and engineering at Micron Technology, shares her advice on finding the right talent. Looking only for a specific skill set may set you back. Instead, she suggests finding someone with a growth mindset looking to build on their fundamental skills:&nbsp;“Look for candidates that show a willingness to listen to ideas, to come out of their comfort zone, and to make mistakes.”&nbsp;The suitable new hires for your high-performance team won't be defensive, have a big ego, or believe they are inherently flawed if they make a mistake. "Most importantly, I want someone with a growth mindset and the guts to make mistakes and learn from those mistakes," says Subramaniam.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Find Someone with a Passion for the Job and a Positive Attitude</h3><p dir="ltr">Jacqueline Olson, head of Americas Automotive Sales at Wolfspeed, prioritizes attitude and passion over skills when hiring. "I focus on a candidate's disposition to learning rather than their current skill set," Olson explains. "Do they have a positive, constructive attitude? Are they self-aware and willing to learn?"</p><p dir="ltr">To assess these qualities in a short interview, Olson relies on a revealing question: "How do you describe yourself, and how do others describe you?" This insight helps her identify candidates with the right mindset for growth and success.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Seek out New Hires who can Think Critically</h3><p dir="ltr">Mitra Tayareh, director of application design engineering at MACOM, seeks critical thinkers and problem solvers when hiring. "I want to know how a candidate handles work pressure and if they can deliver under intense conditions," Tayareh explains. "I evaluate their communication skills. Can we communicate easily? Do they respond promptly and concisely to questions?"</p><p dir="ltr">By observing how candidates react to problem-solving questions and the conciseness of their answers during the interview process, Tayareh determines if they're the right fit for her team.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Nurture Your High Performers</h2><h3 dir="ltr">Prioritize Personal Relationships with Everyone on Your Team</h3><p dir="ltr">Foust reveals the key lesson someone shared early in her career: “As a young engineer, someone told me that being a good team leader isn’t about the work. It’s about knowing more about the people you work with than you do about the work.”&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">How does a leader put that into practice? She gets to know her team members and their motivations. "Our motivations shape our work and business. As a leader, it's my responsibility to grasp these motivations to better guide and collaborate with my team."</p><p dir="ltr">One fundamental way to build better trust with existing team members is to show sincere interest in their personal lives. "Don't walk up to someone's desk and immediately ask where something is or for a status report on something else," says Foust. "It's far more important to know how they are doing or how their son did at an archery competition over the weekend. Get to know the people on your team, and everyone will do better work."</p><h3 dir="ltr">Share Everyone’s Wins and Successes—Let Everyone Shine</h3><p dir="ltr">Olson believes that to nurture existing high performers, leaders need to share success stories from the team, especially when everyone is spread across the globe, working in different time zones or locations. "High-performing teams need to know what others are doing and how to replicate their best work," Olson explains. "In quarterly meetings at my previous company, I would highlight three success stories from different team members. We'd analyze the best practices and identify lessons everyone could emulate."</p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">This approach elevates everyone's skills and recognizes employees' great work. "As leaders, we should celebrate everyone's wins," Olson emphasizes. "Share progress and accomplishments, giving each team member their moment to shine." This practice nurtures high performers by demonstrating that their efforts matter.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Retain Top Talent&nbsp;</h2><p dir="ltr">Retaining top talent can be as challenging as recruiting it. Subramaniam's advice?&nbsp;"Empower your team to make decisions. Inclusive decision-making, involving all stakeholders, is key to business success and employee retention."&nbsp;Informed, collaborative decision-making keeps projects moving forward and ensures everyone feels valued—a critical foundation for retaining the best and brightest.</p><p dir="ltr">Subramaniam likes to use questionnaires to assess how everyone on the team is doing and to eliminate any behavior that might create chaos for the team or the business. "I have managed a difficult work environment," says Subramaniam. "I put everyone in the same room together and walk them through the exercises and questions. I asked everyone to respond to the questions, complete a self-reflection, and participate in a discussion about how to avoid toxic work behaviors." Subramaniam uses <a href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/assess-your-work-environment-level-toxicity-atiq-ur-rehman-d4fxf/?trk=article-ssr-frontend-pulse_more-articles_related-content-card" target="_blank">this framework</a> when creating her questionnaire.</p><p dir="ltr">Jane Yun, a principal system architect at TE Connectivity with ten patents and over thirty research papers, says, "Trust between a leader and the team members creates the ultimate foundation for a high-performing team." She recommends: "Focus on building positive relationships with team members—and the number one way to do that is by fostering an environment of trust." Trust helps retain top performers in a few ways: team members know who they can go to for help, they know their colleagues will have their backs when doing challenging work, and they’ll trust the ability of others to do the job and follow through. And most importantly, says Yun, "When team members trust their peers to correct their work, they learn from each other’s mistakes."&nbsp;</p><h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2><p dir="ltr">Building a high-performing team is a complex endeavor that requires leaders to look beyond technical competencies and consider the interpersonal dynamics and intellectual agility of potential and current team members. To effectively nurture and retain top talent, leaders should focus on the following key strategies:</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Celebrate Achievements:&nbsp;</strong>Actively showcase the wins of every team member, not just those of the leaders, to promote a culture of inclusivity and shared success.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Understand Personal Motivations:</strong> Deepen relationships with team members by understanding their personal interests and motivations, which enhances collaboration and trust.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Value Critical Thinking:&nbsp;</strong>Prioritize hiring individuals who can think critically, respond promptly, and communicate effectively, ensuring the team is equipped to handle complex challenges.</p></li></ul><p dir="ltr">These strategies are fundamental in creating a cohesive, motivated team that is prepared to drive the organization towards its goals.</p><hr><p><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI3MzYwOTcyNzI1LWltYWdlMy5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p><em>This article was initially published in "<a href="https://resources.mouser.com/explore-all/women-in-engineering-leadership-ebook" target="_blank" id="isPasted">Women in Engineering Leadership: Advices and Best Practices for New Leaders</a>," an e-magazine by Mouser Electronics and IEEE Women in Engineering Society. It has been substantially edited by the Wevolver team and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.wevolver.com/profile/ravi.rao" target="_blank">Ravi Y Rao</a> for publication on Wevolver. Upcoming articles will explore various aspects of leadership and best practices for new women leaders in the engineering field.</em></p>

Article #2 of Women in Engineering Leadership Series: Explore strategies for assembling, nurturing, and retaining high-performing teams with insights from seasoned women leaders in the engineering industry.

Building the Dream Team: Insights from Women in Engineering Leadership

<div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><p dir="auto">Torque is a fundamental concept in physics and engineering that describes the rotational force applied to an object. Understanding how to calculate torque is crucial in various applications, from designing engines to constructing buildings.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of calculating torque, explaining the necessary formulas and concepts along the way.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Understanding Torque</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.khanacademy.org/science/physics/torque-angular-momentum/torque-tutorial/v/introduction-to-torque" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>Torque,</u></a> often referred to as the moment of force, measures the tendency of a force to rotate an object about an axis. It plays a crucial role in mechanical systems, influencing how objects spin and rotate.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">The unit of torque in the International System of Units (SI) is the Newton-meter (Nm). Imagine a seesaw. The force you apply as your weight and the distance you sit from the pivot point determine how easily the seesaw tilts.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This principle applies to all situations involving torque. The greater the force applied and the farther it's exerted from the pivot point, the greater the torque produced.</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727054332096-8c1b4c_3fe0ca328fe54351a70bbb07bf17dd76%7Emv2.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">How to Calculate Torque</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Let's first look at the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.physics.uoguelph.ca/torque-and-rotational-motion-tutorial" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>torque formula&nbsp;</u></a>and then move on to some solved examples that illustrate how to calculate torque using the torque equation.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">The Torque Formula</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">The formula for calculating torque is:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>τ (torque) = F (force) × r (lever arm) × sin(θ)</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Where:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>τ (tau)</strong> represents torque (measured in newton-meters, N⋅m)</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>F (force)</strong> represents the magnitude of the force applied (measured in newtons, N)</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>r (lever arm)</strong> represents the distance from the fulcrum/pivot point to the point where the force is applied (measured in meters, m)</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>θ (theta)</strong> represents the angle between the force vector and the lever arm (measured in degrees or radians)</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">The lever arm is the perpendicular distance between the line of action of the force and the pivot point. It's essentially the effective distance at which the force acts. The angle between the force and the lever arm significantly affects the torque.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">A force applied perpendicularly (θ = 90°) produces the maximum torque. As the angle decreases, the torque reduces to zero when the force acts along the lever arm (θ = 0°).</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727054394032-8c1b4c_03ec9064765b424583ed793c49a3fc2f%7Emv2.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h3 dir="auto">Examples of Torque Calculations</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Here are a few examples that explain how to calculate torque.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Example 1: Perpendicular Force</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Suppose you apply a force of 10 N at the end of a 0.5-meter wrench. The angle between the force and the lever arm is 90°.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Solution:</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=𝑟×𝐹</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=0.5 m×10 N</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=5 Nm</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Example 2: Tightening a Lug Nut</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Imagine you're tightening a lug nut on a car tire with a wrench 0.5 meters long. You apply a force of 50 N at an angle of 30° to the handle. Find the torque applied to the lug nut?</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Solution:</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">τ = 50 N × 0.5 m × sin(30°)</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">τ ≈ 12.5 N⋅m</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Example 3: Seesaw Balance</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Two children of different weights are playing on a seesaw.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">One child weighing 40 kg sits 2 meters from the fulcrum, while the other weighing 30 kg sits 3 meters away. To balance the seesaw, what distance from the fulcrum should the lighter child move to?</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Solution:</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">We can set up a torque equation for each child:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir="">Child 1: τ₁ = 40 kg × 9.8 m/s² (gravity) × 2 m</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir="">Child 2: τ₂ = 30 kg × 9.8 m/s² × 3 m (assuming constant gravity)</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">For the seesaw to balance, the torques must be equal (τ₁ = τ₂). Solve for the distance (d) the lighter child needs to move:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir="">d = (τ₁ × 3 m) / (30 kg × 9.8 m/s²) ≈ 2.65 m</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><em>Note: Don’t forget to convert units appropriately (e.g., weight to force) when applying the torque formula.</em></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Example 4: Torque in a Car Engine</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Imagine a scenario where you need to calculate the<a target="_blank" href="https://www.toyota.ca/toyota/en/connect/3843/what-is-torque-in-cars#:~:text=That%20torque%20is%20created%20by,through%20the%20transmission%20and%20drivetrain." rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>&nbsp;torque produced by a car engine</u></a>. The engine applies a force to a crankshaft, which in turn causes rotation that ultimately powers the wheels of the vehicle.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">How can we calculate the torque produced by a car engine that applies a force of 1500 Newtons to a crankshaft, where the distance from the center of the crankshaft to the point where the force is applied is 0.1 meters? Assume the force is applied tangentially to the crankshaft.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Solution:</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">The torque formula is given by:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=𝑟×𝐹×sin(𝜃)</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Since the angle 𝜃 is 90°, sin(90°)=1:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=0.1 m×1500 N×sin(90∘)</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><em>τ</em>𝜏=0.1 m×1500 N×1</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=150 Nm</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Example 5:Rotational Torque in a Robotic Arm</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Problem:</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">A robotic arm applies a force of 200 Newtons at the end of its 0.5-meter-long segment. The force is applied at an angle of 60 degrees to the arm. How can we calculate the torque produced by this force?</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><strong>Solution:</strong></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">The torque formula is:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=𝑟×𝐹×sin(𝜃))</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Calculate sin(60∘), which is 3/2≈0.866</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=0.5 m×200 N×sin(60∘)</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=0.5 m×200 N×0.866</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">𝜏=100×0.866</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><em>τ</em>=86.6Nm</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Additional Considerations</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Torque as a Vector Quantity:</strong> While the formula illustrates how to find the magnitude of torque, torque is also a vector quantity with direction. The right-hand rule can be used to determine the direction of torque.</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Average Torque:</strong> In situations where the force or angle varies, you might need to calculate the average torque over time.</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Practical Applications</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Torque calculation is essential in various fields. Here are a few examples that show the importance of knowing how to calculate torque in Engineering Design:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Automotive Engineering:</strong> Determining the torque output of engines.</p></li><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Structural Engineering:</strong> Ensuring stability in structures by calculating the torque on beams and supports.</p></li><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Mechanical Design:</strong> Designing and analyzing the performance of machinery and tools.</p></li><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/post/industrial-robots" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><strong><u>Robotics</u></strong></a><strong>:&nbsp;</strong>Ensuring precise and reliable movements.</p></li></ul></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Measuring Torque</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Measuring torque is essential for ensuring the accuracy and reliability of various mechanical systems.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This involves using tools like torque wrenches, which apply a specific torque to fasteners, and <a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/post/force-torque-sensor" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>force-torque sensors,</u></a> which measure the torque in both static and rotating systems such as engines and robotic arms.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Accurate torque measurement helps in preventing mechanical failures, optimizing performance, and ensuring safety in applications ranging from automotive engines to <a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/post/guide-on-robotic-arms-exploring-types-applications" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>robotic arms</u></a>. Properly calibrated torque measurement tools are crucial for maintaining the integrity and efficiency of engineered systems.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Estimating Torque by Hand</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In some practical situations, precise torque measurements might not be feasible. Estimating torque by hand involves applying known forces at known distances, using calibrated tools like torque wrenches to ensure accuracy.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Conclusion</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">By understanding the concept of torque and its formula, you can solve problems involving rotational motion and forces.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This knowledge can be applied in various real-world scenarios, from simple tasks like tightening a screw to complex engineering applications.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">So, the next time you use a wrench or witness a machine in action, remember the invisible force of torque at play!</p></div></div></div>

This comprehensive guide will walk you through the process of calculating torque, explaining the necessary formulas and concepts along the way.

How to Calculate Torque: Your Complete Guide

<p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Women have historically been underrepresented in engineering, a field dominated by men for decades. However, in recent years, remarkable women have been breaking barriers and setting new benchmarks in engineering leadership. These trailblazers are excelling in their respective areas and actively changing the narrative, proving that effective leadership is not bound by gender. Their contributions are enriching the engineering field and inspiring a new generation of engineers to pursue and excel in their careers.</p><hr><p><em>Welcome to the first article in our multi-part series on "</em><a href="https://www.wevolver.com/article/women-in-engineering-leadership-unlocking-the-secrets-of-influential-leadership/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><em><strong>Women in Engineering Leadership</strong></em></a><em>," brought to you by Mouser Electronics. This series explores various facets of leadership through the lens of prominent female leaders in engineering who are paving the way toward a more inclusive industry. Each installment of this series dives into different aspects of leadership and professional development, underlining strategies, challenges, and key insights. Join us as we discuss the stories, challenges, and triumphs of women leaders redefining the engineering sector.</em></p><hr><p>In this article, our panel of women in engineering leadership share their hard-won wisdom on inspiring, empowering, and motivating their teams. From fostering personal connections and leading by example to embracing failure as a learning tool, these leaders reveal the strategies that have propelled them to the top of their fields.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Meet Our Panel of Women in Engineering Leadership</h2><p dir="ltr">We've convened a group of ten distinguished women leaders from the engineering sector, each sharing their unique perspectives on navigating and excelling in a traditionally male-dominated field.<img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727282651013-Alice+Martins+VPGM+Industrial+Solutions%2C+Sensata+Technologies+Anisha+Raj+Seli+Director+of+Design+Evaluation+Engineering%2C+Analog+Devices+Alice+Martins+is+a+dynamic+leader+with+a+global+perspective++%281%29.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="panel-of-women-in-engineering-leadership"></p><p dir="ltr"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI2ODA3MjQ2NzU5LTIuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="panel-of-women-in-engineering-leadership"></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Three key themes emerged from our interviews: strategies to inspire and influence teams, approaches to empower and motivate risk-taking and decision-making, and the importance of fostering relationships with team members.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Inspire and Influence Your Team</h2><p dir="ltr">Leadership is about inspiring and influencing others toward a common goal, not just holding a position of authority. In today's work environment, simply relying on authority doesn't work.</p><p dir="ltr">Tori Foust leads a team of project managers at Samtec. As the director of project management responsible for executing critical engineering projects, she has plenty of hands-on experience managing teams and inspiring them to meet a common goal.</p><p dir="ltr">"I've learned to inspire and influence members of my team by being in their corner," says Foust. "I ensure they know I'm here for them and willing to help them." She continues,&nbsp;"People tend to stay in their comfort zones. I give them opportunities to try new things."&nbsp;She shares an example of someone on her team who needed to become more familiar with tools for risk management. Foust suggested that she talk to other people to help fill the gaps in her knowledge:&nbsp;"I worked closely with her to create a plan that empowered her. The most effective approach is where you collaborate with someone and provide them with the tools and confidence they need to take the lead and excel in their position."</p><p dir="ltr">Esugasini Subramaniam, who leads a global team as the director of supply chain and engineering at Micron Technology, shared her advice. “The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People®&nbsp;workshop helped me learn how to inspire and influence my team,” says Subramaniam.&nbsp;"Ten years ago, I set out to become a role model for women in engineering. Since overcoming a tough background, I've dedicated myself to personal growth, striving to be an inspiring leader others can look up to and turn to for guidance."</p><p dir="ltr">Subramaniam believes one way to inspire your team is to stop perpetuating the victim mentality: "When faced with a challenging situation at work, resist the temptation to play the victim. Instead, take a step back, analyze where things went wrong, and allow yourself to process your emotions. Then, channel that energy into finding a solution." In most cases, Subramaniam says she could see that the situation had started poorly. By using this self-awareness technique, she can better lead her team, influence them to be productive and make good decisions, and be a role model for others.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">Jacqueline Olson, head of Americas Automotive Sales at Wolfspeed, inspires and influences by putting herself on the same plane as her team members. "As soon as I feel like I'm an authority, I feel the loss of connection to the team," says Olson. "Instead, I see myself in a position of service and responsibility. I have a responsibility to show the possibilities and remove obstacles to allow the team to be successful." Olson says that when her team succeeds, she succeeds—a win-win for everyone.&nbsp;</p><h2 dir="ltr">Empower and Motivate Your Team to Take Risks and Make Decisions</h2><p dir="ltr">To empower your team to take risks and make decisions, Foust suggests leading by example and communicating the value of learning through failure.&nbsp;“Perfectionism and fear of failure are inherent to many women engineers," Foust admits. "As a leader, I encourage my team to embrace 'failing forward'—learning from mistakes and using those lessons to grow. Failure, with the right mindset, is the best teacher.”</p><blockquote><p id="isPasted"><em>“Empower your team to make decisions. Inclusive decision-making, involving all stakeholders, is key to business success and employee retention.”</em><em><strong>-Esugasini Subramaniam</strong></em></p></blockquote><p dir="ltr">Olson shares her advice for empowering her team to take risks and be more productive: "For people to take risks, they need to feel safe to make mistakes. This is where the learning and growth comes in. As leaders, we have to be supportive in this process.”</p><p dir="ltr">Dr. Jane Yun, a principal system architect at TE Connectivity with over twenty years of experience in academia and industry, believes that setting the right expectations is critical for leaders who want to motivate their teams in today’s work environment:&nbsp;“Effective decision-making requires the right tools and methods. Before starting a project, teams should clearly define what failure looks like. By understanding the consequences upfront, you can prevent or mitigate the impact of missteps. Empower your team to make the right decisions by clarifying what to avoid."</p><h2 dir="ltr">Make Personal Connections with Team Members&nbsp;</h2><p dir="ltr">To lead confidently and influence others, Alice Martins, a VP and GM at Sensata Technologies responsible for nearly 20 percent of her business's total revenue, recommends creating person-to-person relationships with team members. "I'm personable, and having a personal connection with team members is critical," says Martins. “Collaborate on problems to strengthen team bonds. Solving challenges fosters relationships, builds trust, and accelerates progress while engaging everyone."</p><p dir="ltr">Mitra Tayareh, the director of application design engineering at MACOM, offers similar advice. While communicating as a leader to your direct reports can help speed up productivity and increase employee satisfaction, bonding with each other is just as critical—and it’s the leaders’ responsibility to make that happen. “We have open lines of communication within my group and with other team members,” says Tayareh.&nbsp;"More often than not, talking to other people solves problems. I advocate for my team to communicate openly—that's how we get more done."</p><h2 dir="ltr">Prepare Future Leaders&nbsp;</h2><p dir="ltr">Overcoming challenges in your career is difficult. Many women struggle to quiet their inner critics, step beyond fear to make empowered decisions, and stand up for themselves or others in the workplace. Our experts have advice for future leaders on these specific challenges.&nbsp;</p><h3 dir="ltr">Know Your Worth&nbsp;</h3><p dir="ltr">Foust shares that throughout her career, she often participates in conversations that—on the surface—seem outside of her scope. “But I've learned to recognize my worth. I take a step back and think about why I'm here. I'm likely here for a specific purpose," says Foust. "I think through what I bring to the table and let others fill the gaps I don't have."&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">Your "inner critic" may say you don’t belong, but Foust suggests breaking through that barrier by asking questions to discover how to contribute. Observe the conversation, remind yourself of your talents and abilities, and then ask questions to add to the solution.&nbsp;</p><h3 dir="ltr">Step Outside of Yourself&nbsp;</h3><p dir="ltr">Through confronting her insecurities, Olson finds that the best way to tackle an assignment is to shift focus from yourself to the steps needed for completion. Like many professionals, she struggled with self-doubt and imposter syndrome throughout her career. To overcome these challenges, she suggests focusing on the task at hand and setting aside self-doubt. "I concentrate solely on what needs to be accomplished and then identify the steps required to get there," she explains. Using a metaphor, she illustrates this approach: "Imagine parking your doubts in the parking lot. There, you leave them behind. Then, you enter the office and focus solely on the tasks that will propel you toward your objectives.” By consciously setting aside fears and doubts, leaders can overcome imposter syndrome and excel in their responsibilities. "List what you need, identify who to talk to, and push through your insecurities. Take yourself out of the equation and focus on the task at hand," says Olson.</p><h3 dir="ltr">Help Your Team See the Bigger Picture&nbsp;</h3><p dir="ltr">Punya Prakash, a VP and GM at Infineon, a leading semiconductor company, recommends that leaders identify a leadership style that can help them show their team the bigger picture. This perspective allows team members to push boundaries and achieve greater success. "To help your team take risks, you must begin by removing the fear of failure,” says Prakash. “Help your team see that with high risks, there is potential for high reward. If mistakes are made, the team can learn from them and do the work better and faster the next time around.” She explains that teams can lose sight of this bigger picture as they work through daily goals.</p><p dir="ltr">In another example, Cindy Cui, director of software solutions at Keysight Technologies, finds that her sales team is most successful when they broaden their perspective. “I mentor my team to qualify opportunities and analyze ROI before investing significant efforts or taking action and to use these metrics as guidance for decision-making and risk-taking,” Cui explains. “This methodology helps my team deliver outstanding results year after year.”</p><h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2><p dir="ltr">As we reflect on the wisdom shared by our panel of women leaders, three pivotal strategies stand out for fostering effective leadership:</p><ul><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Cultivate Personal Connections:</strong> Prioritize creating personal relationships with your direct reports and actively facilitate these connections among team members to build a cohesive and supportive work environment.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Encourage Risk-Taking:</strong> Empower your team by removing obstacles and clearing the way for them to experiment and embrace new challenges. This openness fosters an innovative mindset and drives progress.</p></li><li dir="ltr"><p dir="ltr"><strong>Define Parameters of Failure:</strong> Before embarking on new projects, clearly define what failure looks like. This clarity helps your team understand the boundaries within which they can operate, making them more confident and effective in their decision-making processes.</p></li></ul><p dir="ltr">By implementing these strategies, women leaders in engineering enhance their teams' performance and are paving the way for more inclusive and dynamic leadership styles in the industry.</p><hr><p><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI2ODA2MTM3NjA0LWltYWdlNC5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib" alt="mouser-panel-of-women-in-engineering-leadership-magazine-banner"></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted"><em>This article was initially published in "<a href="https://resources.mouser.com/explore-all/women-in-engineering-leadership-ebook" target="_blank">Women in Engineering Leadership: Advices and Best Practices for New Leaders</a>," an e-magazine by Mouser Electronics and IEEE Women in Engineering Society. It has been substantially edited by the Wevolver team and <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/profile/ravi.rao" target="_blank">Ravi Y Rao</a> for publication on Wevolver. Upcoming articles will explore various aspects of leadership and best practices for new women leaders in the engineering field.</em></p>

Article #1 of Women in Engineering Leadership Series: Discover how visionary women leaders are reshaping the engineering sector with their dynamic and inclusive leadership approaches, setting new benchmarks for innovation and inspiring a generation to break traditional boundaries.

Women in Engineering Leadership: Unlocking the Secrets of Influential Leadership

<p id="isPasted">Choosing right tolerance is essential for any engineering project because it determines its future application possibilities, lead time, and price.&nbsp;</p><p>Designers and engineers add tolerances&nbsp;to the drawing specifications to ensure that the size and geometry of the features on component parts are controlled. However, adding tolerances to every single feature of a part can be time consuming and inefficient. That’s why the use of certain standardised tolerance values is a regular practice nowadays (read more about tolerances in CNC Machining).</p><p>In Europe and many other parts of the world, these values are defined by ISO tolerance standards. These standards stipulate tolerance values for different part geometries and are further divided into classes and grades with different levels of quality.</p><p>Tolerance standards often reduce the work of designers. Instead of calculating tolerances for every geometry and feature in a model, they can simply make use of the standard that matches their desired quality level.</p><h2 data-counter-attr="value0"><strong>Tolerance Standards Used in Europe</strong></h2><p>Tolerance standards vary depending on the manufacturing processes. For example, the most common tolerance standards that are used by engineers in Europe for subtractive manufacturing (e.g. CNC machining) are defined by ISO 2768 and ISO 286. At Xometry we offer 5 options:</p><ul><li>ISO 2768 – Fine</li><li>ISO 2768 – Medium</li><li>ISO 286 – Grade 6</li><li>ISO 286 – Grade 7</li><li>ISO 286 – Grade 8</li></ul><p>The main difference between ISO 286 and 2768 is that ISO 2768 covers general tolerances ranges for linear and angular dimensions, ISO 286 covers general tolerances ranges for cylinders and opposite parallel surfaces, for example, for shaft and hole systems. These tolerance standards can be used in parallel to each other, if the design has the features that both of them cover.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 832px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1724646277605-General-tolerance-indicated-on-a-technical-drawing.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">General tolerance indicated on a technical drawing</span></span></span></p><p id="isPasted">The table below gives a concise summary of these tolerance standards. More elaborate explanations of the standards are provided later in the article.</p><p>Here’s a short overview of the main differences in tolerances:</p><table><thead><tr><th>Tolerance Standard&nbsp;</th><th>General Linear Tolerances&nbsp;</th><th>General Tolerances for External Radius and Chamfer Heights&nbsp;</th><th>Angular Dimensions</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>ISO 2768 – Medium (Standard)</td><td>±0.1-2 mm depending on the nominal length from 0.5 to over 2000 mm</td><td>±0.2-1 mm depending on the nominal length from 0.5 to over 6 mm</td><td>±1°-0°5’ depending on the nominal length from up to 10 to over 400 mm</td></tr><tr><td>ISO 2768 – Fine</td><td>±0.05-0.5 mm depending on the nominal length from 0.5 to over 2000 mm</td><td>±0.2-1 mm depending on the nominal length from 0.5 to over 6 mm</td><td>±1°-0°5’ depending on the nominal length from up to 10 to over 400 mm</td></tr><tr><td>ISO 286 – Grade 8</td><td colspan="3">Standardized tolerance value ranges from 0.014 to 0.23 mm depending on the nominal size from 0.5 to 2000 mm</td></tr><tr><td>ISO 286 – Grade 7</td><td colspan="3">Standardized tolerance value ranges from 0.010 to 0.150 mm depending on the nominal size from 0.5 to 2000 mm</td></tr><tr><td>ISO 286 – Grade 6</td><td colspan="3">Standardized tolerance value ranges from 0.006 to 0.092 mm depending on the nominal size from 0.5 to 2000 mm</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 data-counter-attr="value1"><strong>ISO 2768</strong></h2><p>ISO 2768 and the derived geometrical tolerance standards are mainly employed for parts that are manufactured by machining or other material removing processes.</p><p>The ISO 2768 only applies to the following drawings with the following features. It is used when these features do not have custom tolerance indications individually:</p><ul><li>Linear dimensions (external sizes, internal sizes, diameters, distances, chamfer heights, radii)</li><li>Angular dimensions</li><li>Linear and angular dimensions produced by machining assembled parts.</li></ul><h3 data-counter-attr="value2"><strong>Linear Dimensions</strong></h3><table><thead><tr><th>Nominal Length (mm)&nbsp;</th><th>Tolerance Class Values (mm)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Above</strong></td><td><strong>Up to and including</strong></td><td><strong>Fine</strong></td><td><strong>Medium</strong></td></tr><tr><td>0.5</td><td>3</td><td>±0.05</td><td>±0.1</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>±0.05</td><td>±0.1</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>30</td><td>±0.1</td><td>±0.2</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>120</td><td>±0.15</td><td>±0.3</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>400</td><td>±0.2</td><td>±0.5</td></tr><tr><td>400</td><td>1000</td><td>±0.3</td><td>±0.8</td></tr><tr><td>1000</td><td>2000</td><td>±0.5</td><td>±1.2</td></tr><tr><td>2000</td><td>4000</td><td>–</td><td>±2.0</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 data-counter-attr="value3"><strong>External Radius and Chamfer Heights</strong></h3><table><thead><tr><th>Nominal Length (mm)&nbsp;</th><th>Tolerance Class Values (mm)</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Above</strong></td><td><strong>Up to and including</strong></td><td><strong>Fine</strong></td><td><strong>Medium</strong></td></tr><tr><td>0.5</td><td>3</td><td>±0.2</td><td>±0.2</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>±0.5</td><td>±0.5</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>Above</td><td>±1.0</td><td>±1.0</td></tr></tbody></table><h3 data-counter-attr="value4"><strong>Angular Dimensions</strong></h3><table><thead><tr><th>Nominal Size (mm)&nbsp;</th><th>Tolerance Class Values (°,ˈ )</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td><strong>Above</strong></td><td><strong>Up to and including</strong></td><td><strong>Fine</strong></td><td><strong>Medium</strong></td></tr><tr><td>–</td><td>10</td><td>±1°</td><td>±1°</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>50</td><td>±0°30ˈ</td><td>±0°30ˈ</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>120</td><td>±0°20ˈ</td><td>±0°20ˈ</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>400</td><td>±0°10ˈ</td><td>±0°10ˈ</td></tr><tr><td>400</td><td>Above</td><td>±0°5ˈ</td><td>±0°5ˈ</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 data-counter-attr="value5"><strong>ISO 286</strong></h2><p>The ISO 286 applies to subtractive manufacturing methods and provides tolerances to be used for linear sizes of the following types of features:</p><ul><li>Cylinder</li><li>2 parallel opposite surfaces</li></ul><p>This tolerance only applies drawings with these features. It is used when these features do not have custom tolerance indications individually. We offer three quality grades under the ISO 286 standard. They are grade 6 (IT6), grade 7 (IT7), and grade 8 (IT8).</p><p>The ISO 286 provides a standardized selection of tolerance classes for general purposes from amongst the numerous possibilities.</p><p><strong>According to the ISO 286 standard, the following terms apply:</strong></p><ol><li><strong>Nominal Size:</strong> This is the size of a feature as defined by the drawing specifications</li><li><strong>Actual size:</strong> This is the size obtained by measurement</li><li><strong>Upper limit of size:</strong> The is the largest permissible size of the feature</li><li><strong>Lower limit of size:</strong> This is smallest permissible size of the feature</li><li><strong>Tolerance:&nbsp;</strong>Difference between the upper limit of size and the lower limit of size.</li></ol><table><thead><tr><th>Nominal Size (mm)</th><th>Standard Ranges of Tolerance Grade</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Above</td><td>Up to and including</td><td>IT6</td><td>IT7</td><td>IT8</td></tr><tr><td>–</td><td>3</td><td>0.006</td><td>0.010</td><td>0.014</td></tr><tr><td>3</td><td>6</td><td>0.008</td><td>0.012</td><td>0.018</td></tr><tr><td>6</td><td>10</td><td>0.009</td><td>0.015</td><td>0.022</td></tr><tr><td>10</td><td>18</td><td>0.011</td><td>0.018</td><td>0.027</td></tr><tr><td>18</td><td>30</td><td>0.013</td><td>0.021</td><td>0.033</td></tr><tr><td>30</td><td>50</td><td>0.016</td><td>0.025</td><td>0.039</td></tr><tr><td>50</td><td>80</td><td>0.019</td><td>0.030</td><td>0.046</td></tr><tr><td>80</td><td>180</td><td>0.022</td><td>0.035</td><td>0.054</td></tr><tr><td>120</td><td>180</td><td>0.025</td><td>0.040</td><td>0.063</td></tr><tr><td>180</td><td>250</td><td>0.029</td><td>0.046</td><td>0.072</td></tr><tr><td>250</td><td>315</td><td>0.032</td><td>0.052</td><td>0.081</td></tr><tr><td>315</td><td>400</td><td>0.036</td><td>0.057</td><td>0.089</td></tr><tr><td>400</td><td>500</td><td>0.040</td><td>0.063</td><td>0.097</td></tr><tr><td>500</td><td>630</td><td>0.044</td><td>0.070</td><td>0.110</td></tr><tr><td>630</td><td>800</td><td>0.050</td><td>0.080</td><td>0.125</td></tr><tr><td>800</td><td>1000</td><td>0.056</td><td>0.090</td><td>0.140</td></tr><tr><td>1000</td><td>1250</td><td>0.066</td><td>0.105</td><td>0.165</td></tr><tr><td>1250</td><td>1600</td><td>0.078</td><td>0.125</td><td>0.195</td></tr><tr><td>1600</td><td>2000</td><td>0.092</td><td>0.150</td><td>0.230</td></tr><tr><td>2000</td><td>2500</td><td>0.110</td><td>0.175</td><td>0.280</td></tr><tr><td>2500</td><td>3150</td><td>0.135</td><td>0.210</td><td>0.330</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 data-counter-attr="value6"><strong>Equivalent US Standards</strong></h2><p>Tolerance standards applied in Europe (ISO) have their equivalent US counterparts (ASME). There are a number of differences between the ISO and ASME tolerance standards.</p><p>The table below shows the equivalent US standards of some European tolerance standards.</p><table><thead><tr><th>Standard</th><th>ISO 2768 (fine)</th><th>ISO 2768 (medium)</th><th>ISO 268 grade 6</th><th>ISO 268 grade 7</th><th>ISO 268 grade 8</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td>Equivalent US standard</td><td>–</td><td>–</td><td>ASME B4.1 Grade 6</td><td>ASME B4.1 Grade 7</td><td>ASME B4.1 Grade 8</td></tr></tbody></table><h2 data-counter-attr="value7"><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2><p>These tolerance standards are used in place of custom tolerancing. Upload your models for CNC machining on our instant quoting platform and select one of the five listed classes and grades. If your part requires custom tolerances, you would need to also upload the necessary part drawings.&nbsp;</p>

Choosing right tolerance is essential for any engineering project because it determines its future application possibilities, lead time, and price. 

Subtractive Manufacturing Tolerance Standards Overview

<p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Designing sheet metal parts is the art of balancing functionality, manufacturability, and safety. For product design engineers, mastering basic rules of sheet metal design is key to turning part design into high-quality, durable components. This article highlights essential tips for optimizing sheet metal designs to ensure both manufacturability and cost-effectiveness. Whether you aim to reduce the cost of sheet metal parts or improve their product quality, these insights will guide you in avoiding common pitfalls and applying best practices to create superior products that excel in today’s competitive market.</p><h3 dir="ltr">1. Avoid Sharp External and Internal Corners in Sheet Metal Parts</h3><p dir="ltr">There are two primary reasons to avoid sharp corners on sheet metal parts. First, for safety: sharp edges can easily cause injuries to workers during manufacturing and assembly, as well as to users during product use or maintenance. Second, for tooling: sharp corners on sheet metal parts also mean sharp corners on the die, which are difficult to produce and prone to cracking during heat treatment. Additionally, the punch’s sharp edges can chip and wear out quickly during blanking, reducing the mold’s lifespan, and increasing production costs.</p><p dir="ltr">To mitigate these issues, sheet metal designs should feature rounded transitions at sharp corners, as shown in Figure 1. Typically, the radius of the rounded corner should be at least 0.5 times the sheet metal thickness, and no less than 0.8 mm. In this context, R represents the radius, and T represents the sheet metal thickness. Similarly, internal sharp corners should also have rounded transitions, adhering to the same guidelines.</p><p dir="ltr"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1724402543308-6.-%E9%92%A3%E9%87%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A76-Essential-Design-Tips-for-Optimizing-Sheet-Metal-Parts_05.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">2. Avoiding Long Cantilevers and Narrow Slots</h3><p>In sheet metal design, it is crucial to avoid long cantilevers and narrow slots. Those features can lead to small punch sizes on the stamping dies, which reduces strength and shortens die life, ultimately increasing the costs of the sheet metal part. Generally, the width of long cantilevers and slots should not be less than 1.5 times the thickness of the part, i.e., A≥1.5T, where A represents the width of the cantilever or slot, as illustrated in Figure 2.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1724402592204-6.-%E9%92%A3%E9%87%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A76-Essential-Design-Tips-for-Optimizing-Sheet-Metal-Parts_08.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">3. Select the Right Vent Holes for Sheet Metal Parts</h3><p dir="ltr">Ventilation holes can be round, hexagonal, or square. Round holes have a lower open area ratio, resulting in less effective heat dissipation. Hexagonal holes provide a higher open area ratio, offering better heat dissipation, but the complexity of manufacturing hexagonal holes makes the tooling more costly, increasing production cost. Square holes offer the highest open area ratio, but their right-angle corners lead to faster tool wear, increasing costs similarly. Therefore, when designing ventilation holes, it is essential to balance ease of manufacturing with the system’s heat dissipation requirements. Where possible, round holes should be prioritized to satisfy system cooling needs while ensuring easier production.</p><p dir="ltr"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1724402610666-6.-%E9%92%A3%E9%87%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A76-Essential-Design-Tips-for-Optimizing-Sheet-Metal-Parts_11.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">4. Dimensions Between Punch Holes in Sheet Metal Parts</h3><p dir="ltr">When punch holes are not parallel to each other or the edge, the spacing between holes or the distance from the hole to the edge should be at least equal to the sheet metal thickness, i.e., B ≥ T, as shown in Figure 2. If the holes are parallel, the spacing should be at least 1.5 times the thickness, i.e., C ≥ 1.5T.</p><p dir="ltr">In general, the size of the punch holes in sheet metal should be at least 1.5 times the thickness of the metal. If the holes are too small, the punch die size will be too small, making it prone to breaking or bending, leading to the increased production cost. The minimum hole size also depends on the material of the sheet metal. For softer materials, the minimum hole size can be less than the sheet metal thickness, but for harder materials like stainless steel, the minimum hole size should not be less than 1.5 times the sheet thickness, i.e., D ≥ 1.5T, as shown in Figure 2.</p><h3 dir="ltr">5. Avoiding Holes Too Close to Bends or Forming Features</h3><p>The distance between punched holes and the bending edge or forming features of a sheet metal part should be at least 1.5 times the thickness of the sheet metal plus the bend or forming radius, i.e., E≥1.5T+R, as shown in Figure 4. Otherwise, the holes are highly likely to distort during the bending or forming process.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1724402678070-6.-%E9%92%A3%E9%87%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A76-Essential-Design-Tips-for-Optimizing-Sheet-Metal-Parts_13.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><ul><li dir="ltr" id="isPasted">&nbsp; &nbsp;If the distance between the punched hole and the bend or forming feature is too close, consider bending or forming first and then punching the hole. However, this increases the complexity and cost of the mold, so it is not the recommended way.</li><li dir="ltr">&nbsp; &nbsp; Add a relief cut to the bend or forming area to absorb deformation during bending or forming. This ensures the quality of the punched hole, as shown in the upper part of Figure 5.</li><li dir="ltr">&nbsp; &nbsp; Increase the size of the punched hole, as shown in the lower part of Figure 5.</li></ul><p dir="ltr"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1724402742083-6.-%E9%92%A3%E9%87%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A76-Essential-Design-Tips-for-Optimizing-Sheet-Metal-Parts_16.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><h3 dir="ltr" id="isPasted">6. Avoiding Insufficient Clearance and Material Interference in Sheet Metal Unfolding</h3><p dir="ltr">When designing sheet metal components, product design engineers often work with 3D models, which can lead to overlooking the verification of clearance when the sheet metal is unfolded. This oversight can result in insufficient clearance or even material interference once the sheet is unfolded, especially in more complex structures.</p><p dir="ltr">For example, as illustrated in the upper part of Figure 5, if the dimensions of a relief cut are not correctly designed, the clearance may be too small once the sheet is unfolded. This can reduce the strength of the punch in the stamping die and significantly shorten the tool’s lifespan, increasing production costs, as shown in Figure 6.</p><p dir="ltr"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1724402771672-6.-%E9%92%A3%E9%87%91%E8%AE%BE%E8%AE%A1%E6%8A%80%E5%B7%A76-Essential-Design-Tips-for-Optimizing-Sheet-Metal-Parts_20.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p>

This article highlights essential tips for optimizing sheet metal designs to ensure both manufacturability and cost-effectiveness.

6 Essential Design Tips for Optimizing Sheet Metal Parts

<p><br></p><section><p>You've poured your heart and soul into this project. Late nights fueled by coffee and determination have finally paid off. Your new electronic system prototype sits on your desk, a testament to your engineering expertise. It functions flawlessly, exceeding all expectations. Now comes the moment of truth: transitioning your prototype into a full-scale production run.</p><p>This final hurdle can feel exhilarating, but also nerve-wracking. Unlike the controlled environment of prototyping, production introduces a complex web of factors outside your direct control. Contract manufacturers (CMs), material availability, and unforeseen manufacturing challenges can all conspire to derail your first production build. The result? Delays, wasted resources, and a sinking feeling in the pit of your stomach.</p><p>This article aims to equip you with the knowledge to navigate these potential pitfalls. By understanding the most common roadblocks and implementing proactive solutions, you can significantly increase your chances of a successful first production run.</p><h2><br></h2><h2>8 Common Roadblocks on the Path to Production Success</h2><h3>Communication Breakdown: The Perils of Information Silos</h3><p>Effective communication is paramount in the transition from prototype to production. The absence of a centralized information hub can lead to misinterpretations, delays, and increased costs.</p><p>Digital manufacturing platforms provide a robust solution by consolidating design files, assembly instructions, and other critical documentation. This centralized repository ensures that all stakeholders, from engineers to factory floor technicians, possess identical and up-to-date information. By eliminating the potential for discrepancies caused by disparate communication channels, organizations can significantly reduce errors and streamline the production process.</p><p>Moreover, digital platforms facilitate real-time collaboration and knowledge sharing. Engineers can provide timely clarifications, and technicians can offer valuable feedback on assembly challenges. This iterative approach fosters continuous improvement and enhances the overall product quality. By investing in a digital manufacturing platform, companies can bridge communication gaps, mitigate risks, and improve operational efficiency.</p><h3>Subjective Acceptance Criteria: Creating A Foundation for Quality</h3><p>Precisely defined acceptance criteria are essential for achieving consistent product quality. Vague or subjective standards can lead to inconsistencies between production units, increasing the likelihood of defects and rework.</p><p>Establishing clear, objective, and measurable criteria for both electrical and mechanical aspects of the assembly process is crucial. For instance, instead of relying on subjective terms like "good solder joints," engineers should specify precise metrics such as solder joint height, fillet shape, and the absence of voids.</p><p>Look for a CM that can manage your prototypes as well as your production. By working with the contract manufacturer (CM) early on in the prototype phase, it is possible to identify potential failure points that may adversely affect future production runs and develop robust acceptance criteria. Bringing your production CM into your process earlier allows engineers to gain valuable insights into the feasibility of design specifications and make necessary adjustments to ensure manufacturability. This proactive approach reduces the risk of costly rework and delays during production when they can really hurt.</p><h3>Bill of Materials Bottlenecks: Mitigating Supply Chain Risks</h3><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIzMTIwOTg1ODk2LTE3MjMxMjA5ODU4OTYucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" alt="1uniubn849384s" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><p>A rigid BOM can create significant hurdles in the face of component shortages or supply chain disruptions. Consequently, engineers should prioritize component selection based on availability and identify suitable alternatives. Maintaining a flexible BOM allows for rapid adjustments in response to changing market conditions or unforeseen supply chain challenges.</p><p>Furthermore, accurate lead time estimation is critical for effective production planning. Partnering with a CM that offers BOM kitting and a digital platform offering comprehensive lead time analysis can provide valuable insight into potential supply chain bottlenecks. By proactively addressing these challenges, organizations can minimize production delays and smoothly transition from prototype to full-scale manufacturing.</p><h3>Tolerance Trap: Navigating Design and Manufacturing Variability</h3><p>Tolerance accumulation is a common pitfall in product design and manufacturing. Even minor variations in component dimensions can have a significant impact on assembly fit and functionality. To prevent tolerance-related issues, engineers must carefully analyze component tolerances and their cumulative effect on the overall product. Statistical process control (SPC) techniques can be employed to assess the potential impact of manufacturing variability on product performance.</p><p>Additionally, close collaboration with the CM during the design phase is essential for identifying and mitigating tolerance-related risks. By involving manufacturing experts early in the process, engineers can gain valuable insights into the achievable tolerance levels and make necessary design adjustments for manufacturability. This proactive approach helps prevent costly rework and delays caused by tolerance-related assembly issues.</p><h3>Quality Assurance Challenges: From Specification to Implementation</h3><p>A comprehensive quality specification plan is the cornerstone of a successful production run. This document outlines precise quality expectations for both the assembly process and individual components. By clearly defining these requirements, engineers minimize ambiguity and reduce the likelihood of defects. Incorporating visual and x-ray inspection criteria for incoming materials further strengthens the quality assurance process.</p><p>A well-structured quality plan also includes robust quality control procedures. These procedures should specify inspection points, acceptance criteria, and corrective actions for non-conforming products. By implementing a rigorous quality control system, organizations can identify and address quality issues early in the production process, preventing costly rework and scrap. Moreover, a data-driven approach to quality management enables continuous improvement through process optimization and defect prevention.</p><h3>Manufacturing Mismatch: Optimizing Contract Manufacturer Selection</h3><p>Selecting the right contract manufacturer (CM) is critical for production success. A CM that lacks the necessary capabilities or expertise can lead to significant challenges, including production delays, quality issues, and increased costs.</p><p>As a precaution, engineers should carefully evaluate potential CMs based on their track record, equipment, and experience with similar products. Conducting pilot runs or pre-production builds at the selected CM can provide valuable insights into the manufacturer's capabilities and identify potential issues before full-scale production. Look for a partner with the capacity and willingness to prioritize your needs. This means finding a company with readily available capacity for when business is booming that will also prioritize your smaller orders when necessary.</p><p>Additionally, establishing clear communication channels and expectations with the CM is vital to a smooth production process. By diligently selecting and managing the CM, organizations can increase the likelihood of a successful production launch.</p><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIzMTIwOTg1MjAxLTE3MjMxMjA5ODUyMDEucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" alt="2iirou8493ijnww" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><h3>Reliance on Tribal Knowledge: Safeguarding Production Continuity</h3><p>Traditional reliance on the expertise of specific individuals can create vulnerabilities within the manufacturing process. When key personnel are unavailable, the risk of production disruptions increases significantly. Reduce this risk by working with a CM offering a robust, centralized knowledge repository.</p><p>A digital platform that houses comprehensive design information serves as a single source of truth, ensuring alignment between design inputs and outputs. This platform provides a clear roadmap for all manufacturing personnel, eliminating the potential for deviations from the original design intent. By digitizing and standardizing manufacturing processes, organizations reduce reliance on individual expertise and enhance overall production efficiency.</p><p>Further, a digital platform facilitates knowledge sharing and collaboration among team members. It enables real-time access to information, enabling rapid problem-solving and decision-making. This collaborative approach fosters a culture of continuous improvement and reduces the risk of knowledge loss due to employee turnover.</p><h3>Miscommunication Minefield: Effective Communication Strategies</h3><p>Effective communication is essential for preventing misunderstandings and delays throughout the product development and production process. Engineers should avoid making assumptions about the CM's understanding of design changes or requirements. Instead, they should implement a formal change management process that clearly communicates modifications to the CM.</p><p>Regular communication and collaboration between the engineering and manufacturing teams are also crucial for ensuring alignment and addressing potential issues proactively. By fostering an open and transparent communication environment, organizations can minimize miscommunication and improve overall project efficiency. Additionally, using clear and concise language in all project documentation helps to reduce ambiguity and prevent misunderstandings.</p><h2>Partnering for Success: How MacroFab Can Help</h2><p>By following these best practices and partnering with a reliable CM like MacroFab, you can significantly reduce the risk of production build failure. MacroFab offers a suite of services specifically designed to address the challenges faced by electrical engineers transitioning prototypes to production, including</p><ul><li><p><strong>Digital Manufacturing Platform:</strong> Streamline communication and make sure everyone is on the same page with MacroFab's digital manufacturing platform. Upload design files, BOMs, and assembly instructions to a secure and centralized location. You can manage team permissions so that each member of your team has access to the information they need.</p></li><li><p><strong>DFM Expertise:</strong> MacroFab's engineers can analyze your design for manufacturability, identifying potential tolerance issues and suggesting improvements to streamline the production process. This can save you time and money by avoiding costly design revisions later in the development cycle.</p></li><li><p><strong>Pre-Vetted North American Manufacturing Network:</strong> MacroFab’s manufacturing network offers a wide range of capabilities and ready manufacturing capacity for any job. You can rest assured that your project will be produced on the factory line with the specific expertise necessary to best manufacture it.</p></li><li><p><strong>Seamless Communication:</strong> MacroFab prides itself on clear and consistent communication throughout the entire manufacturing process. Your named project manager will be your point of contact, ensuring you are kept informed of every step along the way.</p></li><li><p><strong>Rapid Prototyping:</strong> MacroFab offers rapid prototyping services to help you refine your design and identify potential issues before committing to a full production run. This allows you to iterate quickly and minimize the risk of problems during the first production build.\</p></li><li><p><strong>Complete Transparency:</strong> MacroFab provides real-time production tracking and detailed cost breakdowns, allowing you to stay in control of your project budget and timeline.</p></li></ul><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIzMTIwOTg2MDYzLTE3MjMxMjA5ODYwNjMucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" alt="3j9w088493075" class="fr-fic fr-dii"><p>By leveraging MacroFab's comprehensive suite of services and industry expertise, you can navigate the complexities of transitioning your prototype to production with confidence. MacroFab understands the challenges faced by electrical engineers and is committed to providing the tools and support necessary to ensure your project's success.</p></section><h4>Ready to turn your innovative design into reality?</h4><p><a href="https://factory.macrofab.com/quick_quote/?utm_source=www.macrofab.com&utm_medium=referral" target="_blank">GET AN INSTANT QUOTE NOW</a></p>

A digital platform containing comprehensive design information can aid this process, as it acts as a single source of truth, ensuring alignment between design inputs and outputs. 

8 Steps to a Smooth First PCBA Production Run

<p id="isPasted">The German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt; DLR) has made significant progress in developing turbines for efficient and climate-compatible aircraft engines in collaboration with Rolls-Royce Deutschland. Researchers have deployed a trick carried over from many modern aircraft wings: attaching 'winglets' to the tips of the turbine blades to increase engine efficiency. Winglets and other technologies are already being used in the latest Rolls-Royce engines from the Pearl range and have significantly reduced fuel consumption.</p><p>Researchers at the <a href="https://www.dlr.de/en/at" target="_blank">DLR Institute of Propulsion Technology</a> in <a href="https://www.dlr.de/en/dlr/locations-and-offices/goettingen" target="_blank">Göttingen</a> worked with Rolls-Royce Deutschland to investigate a new type of two-stage high-pressure turbine. At the Göttingen institute's <a href="https://www.dlr.de/en/at/research-transfer/research-infrastructure/turbine-test-beds/next-generation-turbine" target="_blank">Next-Generation Turbine Test Facility (NG-Turb)</a>, which offers infrastructure unrivalled in Europe, the researchers were able to validate turbine computer simulations from Rolls-Royce. In a turbojet engine, the turbine is positioned after the combustion chamber, from where the emerging exhaust gas jet causes the turbine blades to rotate. The NG-Turb test bed replicates this set up, putting turbines through their paces under real-world engine conditions.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1722783344279-image-400-a2810991432fbb2b39ff2a064e2c6158.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">Turbine blades with winglets Detail of the turbine blades with new winglets at the tips. Credit: DLR (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)</span></span></span></p><h2>Turbine inlet temperature crucial</h2><p>The initial measurements on the NG-Turb test stand, conducted as part of the German government's aviation research programme (the LuFo HittTurb project), initially focused on the efficiency of the turbine. As the operating point of turbines varies during take-off, cruising flight and landing, determining the relationship between efficiency and the speed and pressure ratio of the turbine was crucial. "This turbine serves as a demonstrator for various technologies that are to be used in the real engine, including winglets on the rotor blades," says Andreas Pahs, Project Manager of the DLR Institute of Propulsion Technology's Göttingen site. Applying winglets to the blade tips significantly changes the geometry of the blade and hence the flow around it, giving rise to improvements in both turbine and overall engine efficiency.</p><p>"We have also carried out detailed flow field measurements," Pahs continues. "We analysed pressure, temperature, flow angle and Mach number using sensors developed in-house here at the institute." The findings were incorporated into the development of Rolls-Royce's Pearl engine range, which powers ultra-long-haul business jets.</p><h2>Current focus on combustion chamber–turbine interaction</h2><p>In addition to the new turbine design, the researchers were interested in the influence of the combustion chamber outlet flow on aerodynamics, efficiency and temperature. Given the extreme operating temperatures that turbine materials are subject to, a crucial development task is to identify hot spots early on and target them for cooling by applying cooling air to the turbine blade surface.</p><p>In the follow-up project, which was recently completed as part of the EU research programme Clean Sky 2 (an EU Transition project), the scientific research focused on the interaction between the combustion chamber and the turbine. For this purpose, a combustion chamber simulator was developed and installed in front of the turbine on the NG-Turb test stand. The simulator generates flow fields with properties comparable to those from the combustion of conventional fuels and which correspond to the exit profile of a real Rolls-Royce engine combustion chamber.</p><p>A better understanding of the temperature distribution at the transition from the combustion chamber to the turbine is key to generating new technology concepts. "Our task is to precisely measure the thermal load within the turbine in order to make the cooling of the turbine blades more efficient," explains DLR Institute of Propulsion Technology project manager Anna-Samira Söhngen. Using targeted, optimised cooling saves on cooling air and further improves overall engine efficiency.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1722783390887-image-1600-4c05b05d70b4ca8c3a7d5dcd897a4297.jpeg" style="width: 790px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">Test facility for future turbines Investigations are conducted at the NG-Turb test facility to research more efficient and climate-compatible turbines for future aircraft and power stations. Credit: DLR (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)</span></span></span></p><h2>Europe's only hydrogen-ready turbine test bench</h2><p>The NG-Turb test stand works in a closed circuit with dry air as the flow medium. The stand includes air temperature and pressure regulation, allowing the researchers to set the key parameters of Mach and Reynolds number independently. The system also has an air dryer and a separate air-cooling compressor that diverts flow from the system and supplies it to the turbine for cooling air simulation. The test stand also now includes heat exchangers to lower the temperature of the cooling air and thus allow another parameter, the main-flow to cooling-air temperature ratio, to be set as realistically as possible.</p><p>DLR receives financial support from the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) to prepare its ground test rigs, including the NG-Turb in Göttingen, for the investigation of climate-compatible fuel and propulsion technologies in aviation (the UpLift project). The focus of the project is on the potential use of hydrogen in engines, the impact of which is also set to be the subject of future investigations in turbine research. The funding is part of the BMWK aviation research programme LuFo Klima, the central government funding instrument supporting the aviation industry on its path to becoming carbon neutral.</p><h2>Other projects</h2><p>Another research focus is currently 'hot streak tracking', where researchers measure temperature streaks and their flow through the turbine.</p><hr><h2>Related links</h2><ul><li><a href="https://www.rolls-royce.com/country-sites/northamerica.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">Rolls-Royce website</a></li><li><a href="https://www.rolls-royce.com/products-and-services/civil-aerospace/business-aviation/pearl-10x.aspx" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer">The newest member of the Rolls-Royce Pearl engine family</a></li></ul>

The DLR turbine test facility 'NG-Turb' Future high-performance turbines are being investigated at the Next-Generation Turbine Test Facility (NG-Turb) at the DLR Institute of Propulsion Technology in Göttingen. Credit: DLR (CC BY-NC-ND 3.0)

DLR and Rolls-Royce Deutschland are developing more climate-compatible aircraft engines.

DLR and Rolls-Royce Deutschland develop more climate-compatible aircraft engines

In this episode, we discuss how BMW is leveraging augmented reality to design, manufacture, and service cars faster using Microsoft’s HoloLens glasses and a cloud based computer design solution called Hololight.

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