<div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><p dir="auto">Manufacturing is swiftly moving towards automation. If you want to stay ahead of the curve and streamline your manufacturing processes, cobots could be the game-changer for your business needs.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In this blog post, we'll dive deep into cobots in manufacturing, exploring their various applications in manufacturing, their benefits, and how to seamlessly integrate them into your production line.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">What Is a Cobot?&nbsp;</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Imagine a world where robots aren't just machines confined to cages but are your partners, working alongside you to perform various tasks. That's the essence of a cobot or collaborative robot.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Unlike traditional industrial robots, industrial cobots have advanced sensors and safety features that allow them to detect and react to their surroundings, enabling them to share workspaces with human workers without posing safety risks.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">They are adaptable, learning from and complementing human employees to boost productivity and minimize the strain of repetitive tasks. Whether you run a small business or a large enterprise, industrial collaborative robots can allow you to enhance various manufacturing processes.</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1730084180697-8c1b4c_bb7732de635e4f7b91eb35b4b6a3ce77%7Emv2.webp" style="width: 832px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">What Is the Difference Between a Cobot and a Robot?</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">While both ''cobot'' and ''robot'' might sound interchangeable at first glance, there are key distinctions between them, especially regarding their role in manufacturing. Here are the key differences:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Interaction</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">While cobots are designed to augment and enhance human capabilities, traditional robots are designed for autonomous operation. They typically perform repetitive, high-precision, or dangerous tasks with minimal human involvement.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Safety</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots have sophisticated <a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/post/choosing-the-right-force-torque-sensor-external-and-built-in-options-compared" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>sensors&nbsp;</u></a>and safety features that detect and respond to human presence. On the other hand, traditional industrial robots require cages or barriers to separate them from humans due to their speed, power, and size.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Ease of Use</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots usually have user-friendly interfaces that allow for easier programming and quick changes. Conversely, robots require complex programming by skilled robotic engineers or developers.</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1730084203357-8c1b4c_bc80541079014f43881179306776faba%7Emv2.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">Uses of Collaborative Robots in Manufacturing</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots can perform a variety of tasks that can streamline your operations, improve efficiency, and enhance safety. Here are some common cobot applications in manufacturing:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Assembly Line Tasks</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto"><a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/applications/assembly-robots" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>Collaborative assembly robots</u></a> excel at performing repetitive tasks like welding, soldering, screwing, and component assembly with exceptional accuracy. From small electronic components to larger mechanical assemblies, cobots can adapt to a variety of production lines, ensuring quality and consistency.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">As a result, cobots can free up human workers' time, allowing people to prioritize complex tasks that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills rather than mundane tasks.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Machine Tending</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Machine tending can be monotonous and physically demanding, making it an ideal task for collaborative robots. Cobots can load and unload materials from CNC machines, injection molding machines, or presses diligently, maintaining operational efficiency round-the-clock.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">The flexibility of cobots means they can easily switch between different tasks or machines, optimizing production flow and reducing downtime. For manufacturers, this means reduced manual labor costs and better use of machinery.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Quality Control and Inspection</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots with vision systems and sensors can perform automated visual inspections with unprecedented accuracy and speed. They can detect product defects, identify inconsistencies in size or shape, and even compare components to pre-defined specifications.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This streamlines the quality control and inspection process and significantly reduces the risk of shipping defective products. For manufacturers, this means higher customer satisfaction and fewer returns or recalls.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Material Handling</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Material handling involves moving components or products between different stages of the production process.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots can be fitted with specialized grippers or vacuum attachments to handle various materials, from large to small components. This relieves human workers from the burden of transporting heavy parts, minimizing the risk of injury from repetitive lifting and carrying.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Welding</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Welding is a high-precision task that's often performed in hazardous conditions.<a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/applications/welding-robots" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink">&nbsp;</a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/applications/welding-robots" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>Welding cobots</u></a> can weld with high precision and consistent quality. Additionally, they can operate in dangerous environments that might be unsafe for human workers.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">As a result, by automating welding processes using cobots, manufacturers can improve the quality of their products and reduce employees' exposure to harmful fumes and materials.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Finishing and Painting</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots can be seamlessly integrated into finishing and painting processes, collaborating with human workers to perform tasks like sanding, buffing, and applying paint.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Their ability to maintain consistent pressure and access hard-to-reach areas can improve the quality and consistency of the final output while reducing the physical strain on human employees. Collaborative robots in automotive manufacturing are often used for paint jobs.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Research and Development</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Besides their direct applications in manufacturing, cobots are also valuable assets in research and development (R&amp;D).&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">They can be used to prototype new processes, test products, and refine manufacturing techniques. For innovative businesses looking to stay ahead of the pack, cobots offer a flexible, cost-effective way to develop new products and processes.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Data Collection and Analysis</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots fitted with sensors can collect valuable data during production, providing insights into machine performance, cycle times, and potential issues.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Manufacturers can use these insights to optimize production processes, rectify issues, and make data-driven decisions for their manufacturing operations.</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1730084264693-8c1b4c_6e9985f8daa44bf1889cd4979b2e135c%7Emv2.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">Benefits of Cobots in Manufacturing</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Integrating cobots into your <a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/industries/manufacturing-automation" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>manufacturing</u></a> processes offers a multitude of advantages that can positively impact your bottom line, workforce, and overall production efficiency. Here are some key benefits cobots can offer:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Enhanced Productivity</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots work tirelessly, performing mundane tasks with consistent speed and precision round-the-clock. This relentless pace ensures a steady production flow, minimizing downtime and maximizing output.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">By handling repetitive and time-consuming tasks, cobots free up human workers' time to focus on more complex tasks that require critical thinking and problem-solving skills. This optimized workflow boosts productivity and allows human workers to prioritize tasks where cobots fall short.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Enhanced Safety&nbsp;</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots are designed with safety in mind. Their lightweight construction, visual sensors, and safety features minimize the risk of injuries to human workers.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This is especially beneficial for tasks that involve heavy lifting, hazardous materials, or repetitive motions, which can lead to fatigue and injuries to human workers. By automating these tasks, cobots can reduce the likelihood of workplace injuries.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Greater Flexibility and Scalability</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots are renowned for their flexibility. They can easily be reprogrammed and adapted to new tasks, making them ideal for a variety of applications within the manufacturing process. This flexibility is especially beneficial in today's fast-paced market, where product life cycles are short, and the ability to quickly adjust to new products or processes can provide a competitive edge.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Additionally, cobots can be scaled up or down depending on changing demand or seasonal fluctuations without significant investment or disruptions.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Reduced Costs</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">While there's an initial investment involved in purchasing cobots, they offer significant cost savings in the long term. Cobots can reduce the need for manual labor, minimize material waste due to improved accuracy, and potentially lower insurance premiums due to a safer work environment.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Quick Integration</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative mobile robots are easier to integrate into existing workflows than traditional robots. Their compact size and mobility enable them to be deployed in various areas without requiring major modifications to a manufacturing facility.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Additionally, cobots have intuitive programming interfaces, unlike traditional robots with complex ones. As a result, human workers can quickly learn to operate and reprogram them as needed without the intervention of skilled robotics engineers.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This means manufacturers can start reaping the benefits of cobot technology without significant downtime or disruption to their operations. &nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Enhanced Product Quality</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots are programmed to perform tasks with unprecedented accuracy and precise movements. This eliminates human error and ensures product uniformity, resulting in fewer defects and higher-quality products.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Additionally, cobots equipped with vision systems and sensors can be used for automated quality control, further enhancing consistency and reducing the need for manual inspections.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Improved Employee Morale</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots can improve employee morale by automating mundane, physically demanding, and repetitive tasks. This is because cobots relieve employees from handling monotonous tasks, allowing them to focus on more challenging and fulfilling tasks that engage their skills and creativity.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This can lead to increased job satisfaction, motivation, and a sense of ownership among employees, contributing to a healthier work environment.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Streamline Your Manufacturing Operations With Cobots</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In 2023,<a target="_blank" href="https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/collaborative-robot-market-194541294.html" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink">&nbsp;</a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.marketsandmarkets.com/Market-Reports/collaborative-robot-market-194541294.html" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>the global cobot market was valued at $1.2 billion</u></a>, and it's expected to rise to a remarkable $6.8 billion by 2029. This is because more and more businesses are embracing automation to streamline their manufacturing operations, and cobots have been proven to yield positive results.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Yet another crucial aspect to consider is the integration of torque force sensors into your manufacturing processes. By accurately measuring torque and force, these sensors ensure precise control over assembly operations, resulting in higher product quality and reduced downtime due to errors or equipment failures.&nbsp;</p></div></div></div></div>

In this blog post, we'll dive deep into cobots in manufacturing, exploring their various applications in manufacturing, their benefits, and how to seamlessly integrate them into your production line.

Cobots in Manufacturing: Their Uses and Advantages

<div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><p dir="auto">In a world where industrial automation is happening at a fast rate, it is crucial to understand more about a cobot vs robot. There are over <a target="_blank" href="https://explodingtopics.com/blog/robotics-industry-stats" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>3.4 million industrial robots&nbsp;</u></a>being used in different industries today. While both are heavily used to increase safety, improve productivity, and also increase efficiency in a company, their distinctive characteristics make these gadgets suitable for different scenarios.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">According to a different study, <a target="_blank" href="https://www.cargo-partner.com/trendletter/issue-27/collaborative-robots-cobots" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>over 84%</u></a> of companies in Europe, China, and the United States plan to integrate cobots into their factories.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots, often referred to as cobots, are designed to work hand in hand with humans in a safe environment. On the other hand, robots work on repetitive tasks and those that are hazardous and often operate independently without any human intervention.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In this article, we will closely examine the key differences between a cobot and a robot, as these are crucial players in the world of industrial automation.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Robots And Cobots Definition</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">For a start, let's define what a robot is.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">These are autonomous machines designed to carry out different tasks without any human help. Most times, robots handle tasks that are too risky for humans, often repetitive and require high precision.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">If you've never set your eyes on industrial robots, they are bigger, faster, and more powerful than cobots. In most industries, robots are put in cages to keep humans safe and avoid any harm. The Cobot industry is valued<a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/collaborative-robot-cobot-market-size-edbtf" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink">&nbsp;</a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/collaborative-robot-cobot-market-size-edbtf" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>at $10417.04 million as of 2021</u></a> and could rise up to 50.8% by 2032 according to CAGR.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots have torque sensors that allow these machines to respond upon contact with humans, thus ensuring they are in a safe environment. Since these tools are light and have a compact movable design, it becomes easy to move and configure them, thus staying updated with the latest technological cages.</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728283742809-8c1b4c_0202d0cf536f4b7a935c7470354a0e35%7Emv2.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">Robots Vs Cobots</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">1. Financial Investment and Maintenance Cost</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">The greatest difference between industrial robots and the cobot is cost. It is easier to convince a business to invest in an industry cobot rather than a robot since they are cheaper in cost. The maintenance and energy costs also come into play when settling for robots or cobots.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Therefore, cobots tend to be more affordable upfront and offer a lower total cost of ownership due to their ease of integration and flexibility. On the other hand, robots come with higher initial costs and may require significant investment in safety infrastructure and programming services.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">2. Safety Features of the Robot</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In 2022 alone, the cobot growth increased with a <a target="_blank" href="https://scoop.market.us/collaborative-robots-statistics/" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>remarkable revenue of $700 million</u></a>. Hence, the manufacturers make cobots with safety features in mind. The goal is to ensure humans who often interact with these types of machinery are as safe as possible. Therefore, cobots come with torque sensors that detect any contact with people.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots also have round edges and soft padding to keep people protected and safe, hence reducing the chances of injuries. Industrial robots are always separate from humans.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Therefore, safety features aren’t a key priority to the manufacturers since they know the robots will be in separate rooms, away from people. Robots pose a huge risk to people not only because of their size but also their power and speed. The only safety features on these gadgets are power buttons and emergency stop buttons.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">3. Flexibility in Automation Solutions</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Selecting an industrial robot means that you settle for limited options. These items are put in cages in a room away from people due to their robust sizes. That means you cannot shift these robots should you want to conduct tasks elsewhere in your industry. Reprograming takes time and also needs someone with the right tech know-how so that they don't mess it up.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">For big companies, robots aren’t a big issue especially if their workload is huge. However, small companies need as much flexibility as they can. Cobots are adaptable and flexible in different companies making it easy to reconfigure them for different collaborative robot applications. Since collaborative robots are lightweight, it is easy to move and integrate into a small business.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><div dir="auto"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728283876998-8c1b4c_130f4784e900417282ddbda6bdcb9061%7Emv2.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></div><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h3 dir="auto">4. Simplicity in Automation in Robots and Cobots</h3></div><div type="empty-line" data-hook="rcv-block48"><br></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">With the labor shortage happening worldwide, the digital transition has become crucial in areas of automation, robot programming, and machine learning. Therefore, cobots are simple to configure and change to suit what a company needs. Unlike industrial robots, which are difficult to deal with, cobots are quick and simple to set up, ensuring that businesses operate effectively.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">That accelerates industrial automation. It is also easy to program and integrate cobots thanks to their friendly, user-friendly programs. Some cobots can even be physically guiding the robots.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">5. Operational Speed and Precision</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Although cobots perform similar automation services, there are differences in their speed. Industrial robots have higher speeds than cobots as they are slower and are not meant for heavy-duty tasks.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots are designed to work with human interactions, meaning that they operate at slow speeds to ensure that people don’t get injured. Therefore, if you are looking for speed or conducting tasks that need high speeds, industrial robots are always a perfect deal.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Also, Robots do achieve higher and greater precision, making them a perfect choice for tasks that require rapid and consistent output.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">6. Human Interaction in Robots and Cobots</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots are made to work with people directly. These gadgets do safely run in the same area as humans without the need for extensive safety barriers.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">On the other hand, robots operate in isolated environments. Therefore, they often require safety cages or barriers to prevent human access during operation due to potential safety hazards.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">7. Programming And Operation</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots have user-friendly interfaces and can often be programmed with little to no coding experience, thus making it easy for anyone to operate them. They started taking over <a target="_blank" href="https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation?paperid=90517" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>in 2008 although industrial robots</u></a> have been there since the 1950s. It means that they are accessible for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) that may not have specialized technical staff.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Therefore, cobots are ideal for any company that needs their operations to run smoothly without too much programming. Robots are more complex in programming and setup. So, it is often necessary to involve engineers or specialized technicians.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">8. Applications Across Industries</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots need human collaboration when carrying, assembling, packaging, and quality inspection. Their tasks are easy, and the cobots work with humans, meaning that the operations are both humanized and automated.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Nonetheless, robots are ideal for tasks that require a high degree of flexibility and adaptability. Therefore, robots are employed in environments where repetitive, high-speed, and high-precision tasks are needed. Hence, some of the tasks include welding, painting, heavy lifting, and other tasks where human presence is minimized.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Applications Of Robots &amp; Cobots</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots and robots are adopted across various industries due to their versatility and ease of integration. Some of the applications include:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><ul><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Manufacturing</strong>: Cobots help with assembly lines, handling delicate tasks, and performing quality control checks.</p></li><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Packaging</strong>: Robots are useful in sorting, packing, and palletizing products.</p></li><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Healthcare</strong>: Hospitals have been using automated machines to assist with surgeries, patient care, and rehabilitation therapies.</p></li><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Agriculture</strong>: Cobots and robots perform some of the tasks such as planting, harvesting, and monitoring crop health.</p></li><li dir="auto"><p dir=""><strong>Automotive</strong>: You can use collaborative robots to support assembly lines, painting, and performing inspections.</p></li></ul><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1728283931610-8c1b4c_6cd4cdf475f84ea89806ddfcd33bda42%7Emv2.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">Which One Is Better? Cobots Or Robots?</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">There is an importance of learning about the difference between cobots and robots, especially for businesses that need to adopt automation technologies. Cobots are always a perfect deal for anyone looking to offer a flexible, safe, and cost-effective. They give different solutions to companies thanks to their effectiveness in performing collaborative tasks.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">On the other hand, traditional robots excel in high-speed, high-precision operations that require minimal human intervention. Therefore, evaluating the specific needs and goals of your company will assist in determining which type of robot is ideal to enhance productivity and efficiency.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">As technology advances, both cobots and robots are expanding their capabilities, presenting new opportunities for innovation and improvement across industries. Whether you run a small business or manage a large manufacturing firm, staying informed about these developments is crucial for maintaining competitiveness in the modern era.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">As technology continues to advance, force torque sensors play a pivotal role in enhancing the capabilities of both cobots and robots. These sensors enable machines to perceive and respond to external forces, allowing them to interact more safely and effectively with their environment and human operators.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In industries such as manufacturing and assembly, force torque sensors provide critical feedback for tasks requiring delicate manipulation, precise positioning, and collaborative operations.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">By integrating these sensors, robots and cobots can perform tasks with greater accuracy and adaptability, thereby further driving innovation and productivity in industrial automation.</p></div></div></div></div>

In a world where industrial automation is happening at a fast rate, it is crucial to understand more about a cobot vs robot. There are over 3.4 million industrial robots being used in different industries today.

Cobot Vs Robot: What Are The Key Differences?

<section id="isPasted"><p><strong>Robots are widely used in the automotive industry and have started entering new application domains such as logistics in the last few years. However, current robots still face many limitations. They typically perform a single action or a fixed sequence of actions, repeating them the same way each time. To achieve greater efficiency and open new possibilities, robots must develop more human-like skills, such as fast physical interaction, spatial understanding, and fast adaptation to changes. We spoke with Alessandro Saccon, Associate Professor in nonlinear control and robotics at the department of Mechanical Engineering at the TU/e. He recently completed the<a href="http://i.am/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">&nbsp;</a><a href="http://i.am/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">I.AM project</a> that explicitly focuses on the advancement of fast physical interactions.</strong></p><p><strong>Source:<a href="https://innovationorigins.com/en/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">&nbsp;Innovation Origins</a></strong></p></section><section id="c393798" tabindex="-1"><h2><strong>Why are impact-aware robots so important for humanity?</strong></h2><p>“Certain jobs are not particularly suited for humans from a safety or ergonomic perspective. For instance, when handling 20-kilogram luggage at airports, working in unsafe areas of a nuclear plant, or dealing with disaster scenarios, you might prefer a machine instead. There are also various plans to send them to space for planet exploration. However, robots still statically interact with the environments when compared to us: the execution of certain key tasks is not yet possible or the execution is too slow. That’s why, in our project, we aimed to develop impact-aware robots. That means a robot has to learn to predict and react to what happens when it comes into fast contact with heavy objects in the environment.”</p><h2><strong>What makes those robots different from the traditional robots we've known forever?</strong></h2><p>“Typical robots are not designed to interact dynamically with their environment; making fast contact with surroundings is generally avoided at all costs. There is a very large number of scientific papers in the robotics literature whose focus is&nbsp;<em>collision avoidance</em>. In the I.AM project, we targeted instead&nbsp;<em>collision exploitation</em>. We looked into how the robots can, for example, pick up heavy objects quickly while ensuring that the execution of this type of motion remains reliable, despite disturbances and perception inaccuracies. An object might be heavier than the robot anticipated, or it assumes that an object is at a certain location, but it’s slightly off—maybe even by a few centimeters. How do you make these movements robust despite such uncertainties? That’s one of the things that we have been researching in depth.”</p><h2><strong>Practically speaking, what main activities were involved in your project?</strong></h2><p>“The project employed first-principle physics calculations, using basic concepts such as mass and friction, along with software simulations to identify discrepancies between mathematical models and real-world events. Although simulations can never perfectly replicate robot behavior, we improved and most importantly understood how to still use these algorithms for controlling the robots. We did this by taking real-time measurements of robots interacting with various objects in different scenarios. It’s an iterative cycle where you develop and implement a theoretical robot control algorithm in a simulation, evaluate the results, and compare them with real-world outcomes.”</p><h2><strong>Can you highlight some key findings from this project?</strong></h2><p>“We discovered how we can make a robot reliably and swiftly grab a heavy object with two arms, by developing a new control algorithm that respects the natural impact dynamics. We also understood how to use software simulations to obtain predictions that can be used for this purpose or other impact tasks.”</p><p>While working on this project, I also further appreciated how complex movements and spatial perception come so naturally to us humans. We academic researchers are now working very hard on hardware development, spatial perception, and planning—especially the ability to understand the environment in real time and quickly decide what to do next, also in case of failure. This is one of the grand challenges in modern robotics. These actions are natural and intuitive for us, yet we don’t fully understand how we do them nor how we should build a machine with similar abilities.”</p><h2><strong>Were there also companies involved in this project?</strong></h2><p>Yes, for example, one of our partners was logistic process automation specialist VanderLande. This is a well-known and large company from the Netherlands that operates worldwide in various fields, such as airports, warehousing, and parcel handling. They provided a lot of real-life use cases and insights on what are the current bottlenecks in the field, the so-called market ``pains’’. One of the great aspects of this collaboration was having a shared lab on TU/e campus, which facilitated hands-on testing and close cooperation. Students and researchers loved it. We have done various comparisons between real and software-simulated impact experiments as well as developed new models of suction grippers to be used for motion control and planning.”</p><h2><strong>Would you say that the Netherlands is specialized in robotics?</strong></h2><p>“The Netherlands as a whole is definitely making significant strides when it comes to robotics. The country has long been known for contributing to medical robotics, robot learning, and mobile robotics, to cite a few. I like to think that via this project and its international collaborations, we have also made significant strides in impact-aware robotics. This area of research, which we could say originated here, has garnered global attention and recognition. Our project has played a key role in bringing the subject to the forefront, and it's gratifying to see that our work has been well-received and acknowledged, including in recent publications."</p><h2><strong>The project is done. What does the future look like for you?</strong></h2><p>“I will continue investigating and exploring new opportunities, including national and European funding. I'm considering follow-up projects focusing on areas that we couldn’t address during this one, like fast planning and perception. I’m also still in close contact with local and international companies to explore further collaboration opportunities. Some of the many students involved in the project –they are the real heroes!– have been hired in companies that were partners in the project: things are growing in the right direction. The visibility this project has generated is both challenging and exciting at the same time. While it means juggling more tasks, I’m also looking forward to seeing what the future holds.”</p><h3><strong><em>European research project I.AM</em></strong></h3><p><em>Europe is at the forefront of the market for torque-controlled robots designed to handle physical interactions with their environment. The recently completed I.AM project, in which Alessandro Saccon and his colleagues were involved, built on this technology and reinforced European leadership by enabling robots to utilize intentional impacts for manipulation tasks. I.AM specifically targeted impact-aware manipulation in logistics—a rapidly growing field in robotics expected to expand significantly in the coming years. Three other research institutes and four companies from the Netherlands, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden, and France collaborated on this four-year project.</em></p></section>

To achieve greater efficiency, robots must develop more human-like skills, such as fast physical interaction. That was the focus of the I.AM project.

Revolutionizing robotics: teaching robots to touch and interact like humans

<p><strong>An ITMO PhD student has devised a way to design flexible robots capable of withstanding a shock load, retaining its energy, and adapting to movement on rough surfaces. The new robot’s joints are connected by flexible hinges rather than turning kinematic pairs. With such mechanisms, it’s possible to increase the capabilities of robots that interact with their environments: quadrupeds, anthropomorphic robots, and collaborative manipulators. The new <a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383819099_Parametric_Synthesis_of_Compliant_Joints_for_Impact-Robust_Shaftless_Leg_Mechanisms" target="_blank" id="isPasted">design</a> will be unveiled at the International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems (IROS 2024).</strong></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Roboticists from ITMO’s <a href="https://sai.itmo.ru/" target="_blank">Research Center “Strong AI in Industry”</a> have devised a method of optimizing a robot’s mechanical structure and movement trajectory to provide the necessary dynamic behavior. In order to test the method, ITMO PhD student<strong>&nbsp;Egor Rakshin&nbsp;</strong>has assembled a robot with flexible joints – its improved mechanism is impact-robust and can function even with insufficient information about its environment.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">When assembling the new model, the researchers used the one previously <a href="https://news.itmo.ru/en/news/13232/" target="_blank">developed</a> under the supervision of Prof. Ivan Borisov from ITMO’s Faculty of Control Systems and Robotics. In the previous version, mobility was provided by bearings, making the structure more rigid and less mobile; during a fall, part of the impact energy was dissipated through plastic deformation of the solid links.</p><p dir="ltr">In the new version, the authors moved away from turning kinematic pairs with bearings in favor of flexible joints – they function as a passive suspension that absorbs the entire impact during the robot’s fall and protects drive gearboxes and rigid links from deformation. Additionally, the new design allows for recuperation, that is, recovering part of the energy dissipated during impact, as well as softening peak shock loads on the drives. Thanks to this, it may be possible to lower the requirements for the robot’s components and increase its energy efficiency.</p><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 832px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727134897715-1392501.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">A prototype of the robot. The researchers have optimized its mechanism using global optimization genetic algorithms, then used 3D printing and laser cutting to print parts of the robot – and assembled the prototype. Next, they tested the robot using motion capture to compare its actual activity with one predicted by a model. Images courtesy of the researchers</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">In order to test the mechanism’s capacity to absorb shock loads, the researchers threw the robot from a meter’s height and hit it with a football. None of these impacts caused harm: during a fall, the robot “bounced” off the floor and continued its movement undisturbed.</p><blockquote><p dir="ltr"><em>“Our robot performs well under shock loads and can function in unstructured environments – even on unknown terrain, moving blindly. Thanks to its flexible joints, the structure can move along rough surfaces without a complex feedback system. With this design approach, we will be able to extend the endurance of walking robots and manipulators that have to interact with environments to perform their functions. Currently, the mechanism is a prototype of a single leg that can be used to assemble a quadruped (for example, a robotic cheetah) capable of covering longer distances thanks to energy recuperation,” shares the paper’s first author Egor Rakshin, a PhD student and engineer at ITMO’s <a href="https://news.itmo.ru/en/search/?search=Laboratory+of+Biomechatronics+and+Energy-Efficient+Robotics" target="_blank">Laboratory of Biomechatronics and Energy-Efficient Robotics</a>.&nbsp;</em></p></blockquote><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 832px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1727134923446-1392503.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">A prototype of the robot. Image courtesy of the researchers</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">In the future, the researchers are planning to use the new method to create new robots (quadrupeds, bipeds, and hybrid locomotion robots), including those for logistics and industrial inspection.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">The talk&nbsp;<a href="https://iros2024-abudhabi.org/accepted-papers" target="_blank">Parametric Synthesis of Compliant Joints for Impact-Robust Shaftless Leg Mechanisms</a> will be delivered for the first time at&nbsp;<a href="https://iros2024-abudhabi.org/" target="_blank">IROS 2024</a>, a major robotics conference organized since 1988.</p><p dir="ltr">1,587 presentations from all over the world will be held at the conference, including three from ITMO’s Faculty of Control Systems and Robotics, thus making the total of 12 IROS-accepted works by ITMO researchers over the years (in 2016, 2019, 2021, 2023, and 2024).</p><p dir="ltr">IROS is&nbsp;<a href="https://portal.core.edu.au/conf-ranks/?search=IROS&by=all&source=all&sort=dsource&page=1" target="_blank">included</a> in the CORE conference ranking, where it is ranked A (one of the most prestigious positions). In 2024, the event will be held in Abu Dhabi on October 14-18. IROS aims to introduce the international community of robotics researchers to the latest cutting-edge findings in intelligent robots and machines.</p>

Egor Rakshin. Photo courtesy of the subject

An ITMO PhD student has devised a way to design flexible robots capable of withstanding a shock load, retaining its energy, and adapting to movement on rough surfaces. The new robot’s joints are connected by flexible hinges rather than turning kinematic pairs.

Researchers Create Robots That Withstand Shock Loads

<div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><p dir="auto">How can we avoid repetitive tasks that slow down the production line? What innovative solution can accelerate production processes? A cobot might be the solution we're seeking. But what precisely is a cobot, and how can it benefit a business?</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In this guide, we'll comprehensively address these questions. We'll delve into what cobots are, their various types, how they compare to industrial robots, their benefits, and more to assist you in understanding whether they might represent the future of technology.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Let's dive in!</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">What Is a Cobot?</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">As the name implies, a cobot, co-bot, or collaborative robot is designed to work hand-in-hand with humans within a shared space.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Unlike traditional robots that require separate operation areas, cobots are built with advanced sensors to safely collaborate with humans. They're also programmed to work at lower speeds and with decreased torque strength, enhancing their safety for use alongside humans.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">These qualities mean they can assist workers with tasks ranging from simple material handling to complex assembly processes, boosting productivity while maintaining safety.</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI2NDc1MDc2ODMwLThjMWI0Y19jNzYxNDcxNWE0MTM0ZjYxYjQ0YzNjY2Y5OWIwMjc5OH5tdjIgKDEpLndlYnAiLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">Types of Cobots</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">There's no one-size-fits-all cobot. There are different types of co-bots for different purposes. According to the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) <a target="_blank" href="https://www.iso.org/obp/ui/#iso:std:iso:10218:-2:ed-1:v1:en" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>10218 standards</u></a>, there are four types of collaborative robots. Here's an overview of each type:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Power and Force Limiting Cobots</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">These are perhaps the most popular and ubiquitous collaborative robots. They are designed with built-in sensors to detect human contact and apply force limits to prevent injury. This trait makes them ideal for direct interaction tasks, like assembly and light material handling.These cobots come with a variety of <a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/post/choosing-the-right-force-torque-sensor-external-and-built-in-options-compared" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>sensing technologies&nbsp;</u></a></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Safety Monitored Stop Cobots</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">These sophisticated collaborative robots can stop operations immediately when they detect human presence within a specified area. The worker can reactivate the cobot's functions simply by pressing a button. This feature makes these cobots perfect for tasks that require minimal human intervention.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Speed and Separation Monitoring Cobots</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">These cobots use advanced vision systems to adjust their speed or stop based on the proximity of human workers. This characteristic makes them ideal for tasks that require controlled movement near humans, like welding.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Hand Guided Cobots</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">As the name suggests, hand-guided cobots allow workers to control their movements manually with a handheld device. This quality makes them perfect for meticulous tasks like product customization.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">Collaborative Robots Vs. Industrial Robots: Key Differences</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots share several similarities with industrial robots. However, the two robots aren't quite the same. Let's explore the key differences between the two robots to help you make an informed decision on which one to choose:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Purpose</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Industrial robots are designed for independent, high-volume tasks, such as heavy material handling, welding, or large-scale painting. On the other hand, cobots work alongside humans, assisting with repetitive tasks like packaging, quality control, or material handling in collaborative workspaces.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Safety</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Given their power and speed, industrial robots are often placed in cages or other confined areas to keep workers safe. Conversely, with their built-in safety features, cobots operate safely near humans, eliminating the need for cages.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Ease of Programming&nbsp;</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Due to their complexity, industrial robots typically require engineers to set up and program. With their user-friendly interfaces and intuitive programming, cobots require minimal programming knowledge to set up.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Cost</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">With their high initial costs and infrastructure requirements, industrial robots are pretty costly. With their lower upfront costs and minimal infrastructure requirements, cobots are generally more affordable, making them an enticing option for small and medium-sized businesses.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><div dir="auto"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI2NDc1MjQ1NzUyLThjMWI0Y183YmI3ZTgxMjc1YzI0Njg5OGJjMGFiNmVmNWU4MDU1Nn5tdjIuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></div><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">Programming a Cobot</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Programming industrial robots require in-depth knowledge of programming languages like C++, Python, or Java. However, industrial collaborative robots require little to no programming experience to set up. So, they're relatively simple to set up.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Most cobots have intuitive graphical interfaces (GUIs) or teach pendants. These tools allow workers to program the robot by simply moving its arm to the desired positions and recording these movements. It's like guiding a friend's hand — it's that straightforward.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">However, for more complex or meticulous tasks, cobots also support more advanced programming via proprietary or open-source software platforms. These platforms often feature drag-and-drop builders for coding, making it easier for workers to define more complicated tasks or integrate the cobot with other machines on the production line.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">This user-friendly nature of cobots makes them easy to deploy quickly. Additionally, it makes them ideal for small and medium-sized businesses that may not have the technical personnel for robotic programming.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Applications of Cobots</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots have a variety of applications, particularly because of their exceptional versatility. Here are some common use cases of cobots:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Assembly</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots excel in assembly tasks, like screwing, gluing, and insertion, where precision and consistency are critical. They can work alongside human workers, assembling parts with incredible accuracy. A critical component for reliable assembly is the<a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/post/force-torque-sensor" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>&nbsp;force torque sensing.</u></a></p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Packaging</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots are excellent at repetitive tasks like <a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/applications/palletizing-packing-robots" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>packaging</u></a>, as they can pack goods faster and more efficiently than humans. Similarly, they're adept at palletizing, as they can stack products in predefined patterns, saving space and reducing labor costs.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Machine Tending</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots can operate machinery and load and unload parts, freeing up your human workforce for more complicated tasks.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Quality Inspection</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Thanks to their sophisticated sensors and cameras, collaborative robots can conduct thorough inspections of products, ensuring they have no defects.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Material Handling</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots can safely transport materials and products from place to place, eliminating the need for human workers to lift and transport items manually.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Welding</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots can perform complex <a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/applications/welding-robots" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>welding</u></a> tasks like spot or arc welding with exceptional speed and precision.</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzI2NDc1MzEyMDUxLThjMWI0Y19jMjIwNDRlNjFiZmY0MjUzYTM4MGJmZDYwNmY1MTk2OX5tdjIud2VicCIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto">Industries That Use Cobots</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots have been the unsung heroes in the <a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/industries/manufacturing-automation" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>manufacturing industry</u></a> for years — working diligently alongside human workers to perform various tasks such as assembly, material handling, and machine tending.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">However, besides the manufacturing industry, here are some other industries where collaborative robots play an integral role:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Automotive Industry</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Automakers use cobots for various tasks, including assembly, painting, and quality control. Cobots can adapt to different vehicle models and configurations, making them perfect for dynamic automotive production lines.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Pharmaceutical Industry</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots excel at performing tasks like packaging and quality control. This characteristic makes them suitable for the<a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/industries/medicine-healthcare" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink">&nbsp;</a><a target="_blank" href="https://www.botasys.com/industries/medicine-healthcare" rel="noopener" data-hook="WebLink"><u>healthcare industry</u></a>, where consistency is critical to prevent contamination.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Electronics Industry</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Workers in the electronics industry often work with tiny components. Cobots are great at assembling, testing, and handling tiny parts, minimizing human error.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Food and Beverage Industry</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In the food and beverage industry, collaborative robots are used in packaging, sorting, and handling, minimizing the risk of contamination.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Plastics Industry</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">In the plastics industry, where production typically involves creating a diverse range of products in small batches, automation has been challenging due to the dynamic nature of manufacturing processes.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots, with their adaptability, have provided a solution, making automation simple and efficient even in constantly evolving production environments.</p><p dir="auto"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1726475387060-8c1b4c_a7012b579c5543f8b5fb9c500f0e6654%7Emv2.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><div data-breakout="normal" id="isPasted"><h2 dir="auto"><strong>Pros of Cobots</strong></h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots offer a variety of benefits to businesses across multiple industries. Some of these benefits include:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Enhanced Productivity</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots are tireless workers. They handle mundane tasks with precision, allowing human workers to focus on higher-level tasks.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Flexibility</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots are renowned for their adaptability. They can easily switch between tasks with minimal downtime, making them perfect for dynamic production environments. Whether it's assembly, machine tending, or quality control, they can adjust swiftly to meet your changing needs.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Enhanced Safety</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots have built-in safety features like sensors to minimize workplace accidents. Their presence means risky tasks like lifting heavy materials can be offloaded, enhancing overall safety and worker well-being.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Ease of Use</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Programming a cobot doesn't require advanced coding skills. They often boast intuitive interfaces and drag-and-drop builders, making them accessible even for non-technical users. Ideal for SMEs that don’t have the financial capacity for a industrial robot installation.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Cost-Effective</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots cost less to purchase upfront and maintain than industrial robots, making them a cost-effective solution.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Enhanced Quality</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots are nearly infallible, unlike humans. Their unwavering precision minimizes defects, improving overall product quality.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Cons of Cobots</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">While cobots offer numerous advantages, they aren't flawless. Here are some of their downsides:</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Limited Payload Capacity and Speed</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Collaborative robots are designed for light tasks and can't match the payload capacity or speed of traditional robots, making them unsuitable for heavy-duty tasks and high-volume production lines.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h3 dir="auto">Slight Learning Curve</h3></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Although collaborative robots are easier to program than industrial ones, there's still a learning curve involved in integrating them seamlessly into your workflow. So, be prepared to invest time and resources to train your team.</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><h2 dir="auto">Automate Your Operations With Cobots Today</h2></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">Cobots can be a game-changer for a business, particularly for small or medium-sized enterprises that could benefit from automation.&nbsp;</p></div><div data-breakout="normal"><p dir="auto">By implementing cobots, you can boost productivity, enhance product quality, and increase production capacity, which could improve your bottom line.&nbsp;</p></div><div type="paragraph" data-hook="rcv-block174"><br></div><div data-breakout="normal"><div dir="auto"><br></div></div></div></div></div></div>

In this guide, we'll comprehensively address these questions. We'll delve into what cobots are, their various types, how they compare to industrial robots, their benefits, and more to assist you in understanding whether they might represent the future of technology.

What is a Cobot? The Ultimate Collaborative Robot Guide

<p id="isPasted">You’ve likely seen swarm behaviour in nature – or at least video of it.</p><p>Flocks of starlings produce incredible patterns known as murmurations, undulating with split-second speed. Certain species of termites build massive and complex mounds, complete with sophisticated ventilation shafts to ensure air exchange and temperature regulation. Some types of fish, when attacked by predators, form tightly whirling balls as a defense mechanism. Bees build complex hives and have specific roles that all contribute to the collective. And ants, as you’re aware, can do a lot more than spoil picnics.</p><p>All of these, though very different, are examples of swarm behaviour. No single individual is in charge, yet these creatures work together to great synergic effect.</p><p><em>Below: A starling murmuration at Rigg by Walter Baxter, CC BY-SA 2.0 via Wikimedia Commons</em><em><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzIxMjI5MjY1MDU0LUFfc3RhcmxpbmdfbXVybXVyYXRpb25fYXRfUmlnZ18tX2dlb2dyYXBoLm9yZ18udWtfLV80MzAyOTMxLmpwZy53ZWJwIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></em></p><h3 id="isPasted">Swarm Robotics</h3><p>It was actually through these observations in nature, particularly of insects, that the concept of swarm robotics first emerged.</p><p>“In a robot swarm, the collective behavior of the robots results from local interactions between the robots and between the robots and the environment in which they act… The research of swarm robotics is to study the physical body and the controlling behaviours of robots. It is inspired but not limited by the emergent behaviour observed in social insects, called swarm intelligence. Relatively simple individual rules can produce a large set of complex <a title="Swarm behaviour" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_behaviour" target="_blank">swarm behaviours</a>. A key component is the communication between the members of the group that build a system of constant feedback. The swarm behaviour involves constant change of individuals in cooperation with others, as well as the behaviour of the whole group,” states <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swarm_robotics" target="_blank">this Wikipedia entry</a>.</p><p>Much of the early research (and some of the more complex, current research) involves high numbers of very simple robotic devices. But as the field has developed, so too has the size and capabilities of the robots being used in swarm applications and research.</p><p>“The idea behind swarm robotics is the robots are able to communicate with each other and thus improve their decision-making and data acquisition in a given environment from a real world application standpoint,” explains Head of R&amp;D Sales Luke Corbeth.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>The Boston Example</h3><p>One InDro client, Boston University, is using a very large fleet of small but smart robots called <a href="https://indrorobotics.ca/limorobot/" target="_blank">LIMO</a>in swarm scenarios. One aspect of their research involves how autonomous vehicles interact with each other. Can the robots detect others merging and take appropriate action? How can autonomous vehicles detect and interact with robots that have been programmed to behave as if they’re human-driven vehicles?</p><p>Research like this is obviously more practical (and far less costly) to carry out in a lab rather than on city streets. It’s important work as we head toward the Smart Cities of the future, where eventually all vehicles will be autonomous – and much of the current infrastructure (traffic lights, stop signs) will no longer be necessary because all Connected Automated Vehicles will be part of a network.</p><p>“These vehicles become nodes in an Internet in which the vehicles talk to each other,” said Christos Cassandras,&nbsp;Distinguished Professor of Engineering, Head of the Division of Systems Engineering, and Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering in an earlier interview with InDro.</p><p>“They exchange information and so, ideally cooperatively, they can improve metrics of congestion, of energy, of pollution, of comfort, of safety – perhaps safety being predominant.”</p><p>It’s fascinating work, and you can check out our story about it <a href="https://indrorobotics.ca/boston-university-uses-agilex-limo-for-research/" target="_blank">here</a>.</p><p>But the ability of swarms to move and collect and share data collaboratively also opens up other use-case scenarios.</p><p>“If you are able to team your robots together, obviously you can cover a lot more area in a shorter period of time because the robots are essentially building a map together rather than being dependent on a single robot to build that map. One of the most obvious applications is search and rescue,” says Corbeth.</p><p>To illustrate, we borrow this example from research being carried out at Carnegie Mellon University:</p><p><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/bAC8KGawZ7g??si=27CU6UboBVxOJi-P&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&amp;lt;span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;amp;lt;span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;"&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;lt;/span&amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;"&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;&amp;amp;amp;amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;amp;amp;lt;/span&amp;amp;amp;amp;gt;</iframe></span></p><h3 id="isPasted">InDro's Custom Swarm</h3><p>We recently built and shipped four identical custom robots for North Carolina State University’s Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering. Corbeth was the conduit, putting together a package that suited their very specific needs. It began with selecting one of our 18 available platforms.</p><p>“They chose the Scout Mini, which is far and away our most cost-effective platform. And it’s unique&nbsp;in that it’s capable both indoors, like in their lab, but also for outdoor use,” says Corbeth.</p><p>That, of course, was just the start. Each robot was outfitted with the <a href="https://indrorobotics.cahttps//indrorobotics.ca/commander/" target="_blank">InDro Commander</a>, which tucks a lot of power and flexibility within its IP54-rated enclosure. Commander houses the brains or the robot – which in this case is a very powerful piece of compute. Commander is completely customisable based on client requirements and contains ROS1 and ROS2 folders. (It also enables rapid integration and recognition of multiple sensors, and has the option of shipping with either or both of InDro’s autonomy stacks for outdoor or indoor use – think GPS-denied and SLAM. In this case, the client will be building their own autonomy stack, as that’s part of their research.)</p><p>And this client wanted Commander equipped with a powerhouse.</p><p>“They upgraded from a Jetson Xavier NX to the AGX Orin Developer Kit. That’s the best-in-class onboard compute you can add to a robot these days,” he adds.</p><p>That’s not hyperbole. The AGX contains a&nbsp;2048-core NVIDIA Ampere architecture GPU with 64 Tensor Cores. Unfamiliar with Tensor Cores? They mean ultra fast AI processing.</p><p>“Tensor Cores enable mixed-precision computing, dynamically adapting calculations to accelerate throughput while preserving accuracy and providing enhanced security,” states the <a href="https://www.nvidia.com/en-us/data-center/tensor-cores/" target="_blank">NVIDIA website</a>. “The latest generation of Tensor Cores are faster than ever on a broad array of AI and high-performance computing (HPC) tasks. From 4X speedups in training trillion-parameter generative AI models to a 30X increase in inference performance, NVIDIA Tensor Cores accelerate all workloads…”</p><p>That AI computer is capable of – wait for it – 275 TOPS, or <em>trillions</em> of operations per second. (Yes, it’s kind of hard to get your head around that.)</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>Sensors, Sensors, Sensors</h3><p>Corbeth worked with the client to outfit each swarm robot with the sensors needed for the job. Starting with the basics, each robot contains two pinhole cameras (one front, one rear) so the operator can remotely see the robot’s eye view using our proprietary dashboard, <a href="https://indrorobotics.ca/new-indro-controller-a-simple-solution-to-complex-robotics-missions/" target="_blank">InDro Controller</a>. For depth perception, we added ZED X stereo cameras which – like human eyes – see the world in three dimensions. These are used for obstacle avoidance (in conjunction with LiDAR, which we’ll get to).</p><p>Connectivity is key with any robot. But when it comes to swarm robotics, it’s particularly important to have high-speed, low-latency communication not just with the controller, but between the robots themselves.</p><p>“Obviously doing swarm requires 5G connectivity,” says Corbeth. “So there’s a 5G modem in each robot as well as our Wi-Fi development module. In addition to communication between the robots and with InDro Controller, this also means they can program these robots without having to hard-wire into them. In fact, students or researchers could upload algorithms from pretty much any location – they don’t need to be on-site or on the same WiFi network, which has been the traditional route.”</p><p>Each robot features GPS and IMU modules, plus a Robosense Helios RS-5515 32-beam LiDAR module. These sense the environment in three dimensions by rapidly scattering and receiving the reflections from eye-safe laser beams. It allows the robot to safely navigate and map in completely unfamiliar and GPS-denied locations, and even carry out precision scans. We recently featured Robosense in <a href="https://indrorobotics.ca/robosense-sets-new-bar-for-affordable-powerful-lidar-sensors/" target="_blank">this post</a>, detailing how the quality is absolutely on par with the biggest names in the industry. (Selecting Robosense for this project saved the client close to $80,000 without losing any capabilities.)</p><p><em>Outstanding in their field: A look at the InDro-built swarm fleet just prior to shipping to the client</em><em><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1721229465024-Image-7-2-scaled.jpeg.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></em></p><h3 id="isPasted">InDro's Take</h3><p>It was a fascinating project to build a small swarm from the ground up for the specific needs of this client. We look forward to checking in with North Carolina State University once the research is fully underway – and will report back to you.</p><p>“There’s no doubt that swarm robotics is an important tool, not only in R&amp;D but increasingly in real-world applications,” says InDro Robotics Founder and CEO Philip Reece. “Whether it’s search and rescue, mapping difficult environments at scale, or developing algorithms that will enable Connected Automated Vehicles in the Smart Cities of the future, swarms are synergic tools that produce outcomes far greater than the sum of their parts – and that do so with greater speed and efficiency.”</p><p>Interested in exploring options for swarm robotics? Contact Luke Corbeth <a href="https://indrorobotics.ca/connectwithanexpert/" target="_blank">here.</a></p>

InDro completes design, build and delivery of robots for swarm research.

Robots for Swarm Research

<p id="isPasted">Recent advances in robotics and artificial intelligence allow robots to carry out diverse tasks in manufacturing, warehouse operations, delivery services and more, benefitting humans who would otherwise undertake these physically demanding – and potentially dangerous – jobs.</p><p>However, robots remain passive to their environment as they are not yet able to interact intelligently with or directly manipulate it to respond to events that may prevent mission completion. This shortfall becomes particularly pronounced in unpredictable environments where unexpected physical barriers or gaps can thwart robots’ progress toward mission objectives. In these situations, current autonomy algorithms are left with no recourse but to declare mission failure.&nbsp;</p><p><a href="https://engineering.wustl.edu/faculty/Yiannis-Kantaros.html" target="_blank">Yiannis Kantaros</a>, assistant professor in the Preston M. Green Department of Electrical &amp; Systems Engineering, has received a five-year, $591,457 Faculty Early Career Development (CAREER) Award from the National Science Foundation (NSF) to address these limitations. With the NSF’s support, Kantaros aims to advance robot intelligence and enable teams of robots to interact collaboratively with their perceived environment to overcome unanticipated obstacles and events.</p><p>CAREER awards support junior faculty who model the role of teacher-scholar through outstanding research, excellence in education and the integration of education and research within the context of the mission of their organization.&nbsp;<a href="https://engineering.wustl.edu/faculty/research/index.html#nsf_career#nsf_career" target="_blank">One-third of current McKelvey Engineering faculty have received the award</a>.</p><p>&nbsp;“Safety-critical applications such as disaster relief and search-and-rescue missions often occur in unstructured environments that are challenging for humans to navigate, requiring teams of robots to be deployed,” Kantaros said. “One major challenge is the unpredictable nature of these environments, which can hinder robots from completing tasks due to unexpected obstacles, debris, structural changes or physical gaps that block access to critical areas.</p><p>“Unlike humans, robots lack the ability to interact intelligently with their surroundings to overcome these issues,” Kantaros continued. “My research will address this challenge by enabling teams of robots to interact with their environment and overcome challenges by intelligently reconfiguring it, for example, by pushing obstacles out of the way or using objects to bridge gaps.”</p><p>By marrying artificial perception with decision-making capabilities, Kantaros will equip robots with the ability to not only perceive their surroundings but also to take a more active approach and modify surroundings to achieve their goals. A central component of his project is developing perception-based planning capabilities for robot teams operating in unknown and unstructured environments.</p><p>“The proposed research will result in fundamental robot capabilities that will substantially enhance multi-robot planning methods in unstructured environments,” Kantaros said. “The developed planning algorithms will enable robot teams to interact with the perceived environment, accommodating imperfect AI-enabled perception and effectively responding to unforeseen events that could hinder task completion.”</p><p>Imagine a fleet of robots working in tandem, dynamically reshaping their environment to navigate through treacherous terrain or deliver aid to remote locations with unprecedented efficiency and adaptability.&nbsp;</p><p>“These autonomy algorithms are expected to offer unprecedented flexibility in various humanitarian and scientific applications in unknown environments, leading to enhancements in mission performance and robot safety, ultimately saving lives and resources,” Kantaros noted. “Important applications include search and rescue operations, disaster relief efforts, and environmental monitoring and surveillance.”</p>

Yiannis Kantaros studies teams of autonomous robots working collaboratively in the Washington University Miniature City (WashU Mini-City), constructed in McKelvey Hall. (Photo: Yiannis Kantaros)

Yiannis Kantaros will enable teams of robots to interact collaboratively, perceive and respond to their environment with a CAREER Award from the National Science Foundation

Advancing robot autonomy in unpredictable environments

<p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Industrial robots have brought programmable automation to factory floors and areas for storage, sorting, and packing, as businesses seek to increase their productivity and reduce operating overheads.</p><p dir="ltr">More recently, collaborative robots (cobots) have arrived and created an extra, new world of application opportunities. Designed to work safely alongside humans, they bring the unique ability to act as co-workers contributing to the processes that must be completed to achieve the result.</p><p dir="ltr">This softer image of the robot as a coworker – in contrast to those unapproachable, caged superhumans used for hazardous jobs like heavy lifting, welding, and paint spraying - promotes the adoption of cobots in a wider range of tasks. It raises the exciting prospect of combining human qualities such as natural dexterity and visual acuity, combined with the superior speed, repeatability, and strength of the robot.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">Cobots are also assumed to have a reliability advantage over humans, with no tendencies towards illness, lateness, or loss of concentration while working. As important as performance, efficiency, and safety, reliability needs to be designed in to ensure that the cobot will deliver the operator’s expected return on investment (ROI).</p><h2 dir="ltr">Motor-Drive Design Requirements</h2><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dii" style="width: 780px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img alt="A diagram of a diagram Description automatically generated" src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzE3OTg1NjYwOTk2LTE3MTc5ODU2NjA5OTYucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" width="602" height="242" class="fr-fic fr-dii" style="width: 780px;"><span class="fr-inner">Figure 1. Cobot power, communication, sensing, and driving subsystems.</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Figure 1 describes the underlying electrical architecture of a typical industrial cobot. The motors and motor-drive circuits that move each of the cobot’s joints must be able to handle the necessary loads and movements without straining or overheating. Motors that offer a high torque-to-weight ratio and small form factor in relation to the demands at each joint are usually preferred to permit a lightweight and compact robot design that can be safe and easy to work with around humans.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">However, such requirements put a significant level of expectations on the motor-drive circuitry where the power electronics reside. The smallest possible module size is required, consistent with the goals of compactness and light weight. The size constraints limit thermal performance, which increases the stress on power semiconductor components. Frequent starting and stopping, as well as emergency stops when safety sensors indicate proximity of a human coworker, generate heat within the power semiconductors which must be dissipated to preserve the device.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">Cobot applications typically operate with a bus voltage of below 60V, translating to the power stage for the motor driver being driven by MOSFETs in a three-phase inverter topology. High energy efficiency is clearly an important consideration in current markets, so MOSFETs with low on-resistance are desirable. On the other hand, high availability and uptime are critical requirements that directly impact productivity and ROI, placing emphasis on choosing devices that are designed for ruggedness and reliability.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr">When driving high-power motors, MOSFETs are vulnerable to failures caused by locked rotors, parasitic effects and brownout events that can expose the devices to excessive current and prolonged switching time. To withstand these threats, the chosen device needs a strong safe operating area (SOA) and avalanche robustness. Enhancing these parameters usually comes at the expense of increased RDS(on). Hence trading-off some efficiency in pursuit of superior thermal dissipation and higher excess-voltage, current-surge, and avalanche capabilities is warranted. Seeking all these qualities together with a compact footprint to minimise the size of the driver module narrows the selection of suitable devices.</p><p dir="ltr">In fact, the constraints that determine the choices of power semiconductors for cobots are remarkably close to those for today’s heavy-duty cordless handheld power tools, such as high-power drills, impact wrenches, sanders, and grinders. These, too, must respect tight limitations on physical dimensions, while also delivering high current and withstanding intensive thermal loads particularly during repeated starting and stopping. German sports equipment pioneer Jaykay GmbH encountered similar limitations when creating its range of innovative e-trucks and paddle boards, and overcame them using Nexperia MOSFETs that are optimised for ruggedness and reliability in compact motor drives.</p><h2 dir="ltr">Power Semiconductor Selection</h2><p dir="ltr">Given the complexity of today’s application demands and the latest advances in device technology, focusing on the traditional RDS(on) x Qg figure of merit (FOM) is no longer the best starting point when selecting MOSFETs. The differentiating factor for every design is to find the best silicon-package combination.</p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">While optimisation and enhancement at the silicon level has blazed the trail for new MOSFETs with greater current and voltage handling capability than previous generations, the package technology plays a massive role in meeting the needs of high-power applications. Compared to traditional power packages, Nexperia’s LFPAK technology combines significantly lower parasitic inductance and electrical resistance with greatly improved thermal performance. The key innovation, enabling these improvements, is the copper clip bond that replaces conventional bond wires at the source connection, as shown in Figure 2. Compared to wire bonds, the copper clip bond prevents localised current crowding thereby eliminating hotspots and ensuring a more uniform current spread, while also acting as a heat sink to the die.&nbsp;</p><p dir="ltr"><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dii" style="width: 780px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img alt="Full screen preview" src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzE3OTg1NzgzMzM4LTE3MTc5ODU3ODMzMzgucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" width="485" height="450" class="fr-fic fr-dii" style="width: 780px;"><span class="fr-inner">Figure 2: Transparent view of a LFPAK56 package(LFPAK package image)</span></span></span></p><p dir="ltr" id="isPasted">Combining the latest silicon and LFPAK56 package has enabled a half-bridge MOSFET pair comprising high-side and low-side devices for 3-phase motor control in a 5mm x 6mm outline. The package uses flexible leads to improve overall reliability and the internal copper clip that connects the silicon drain and source terminals to the package leads has greater electrical performance and thermal dissipation than traditional bond wires, thereby boosting reliability. While the MOSFET drain tab remains the dominant path in dissipating heat from the die, the LFPAK source clip makes a significant contribution. Therefore, ensuring a suitable amount of copper in the PCB connections to the source pins helps to maximise the overall thermal performance.</p><p dir="ltr">In high-power applications, where space constraints conflict with demands for high performance and robustness, copper clip package technology is an extremely valuable part of the solution that helps to maximise the value of the silicon. Robustness and reliability also comes down to thermal cycling and in some cases, the sheer level of current the devices need to handle in case of a fault condition.&nbsp;</p><h2 dir="ltr">Conclusion</h2><p dir="ltr">For robot makers, delivering a safe and cost-effective system to the marketplace calls for intelligent design decisions at all stages, including an accurate, flexible, and responsive control strategy, cost-effective and optimally sized motor, and reliable and efficient power semiconductors. &nbsp;Given the intended growth of this market, with the ever-increasing power density, the power semiconductors are a critical component to ensure that the motor and, by extension, the entire cobot is driven efficiently, reliably, and safely.&nbsp;</p>

Industrial robots have brought programmable automation to factory floors and areas for storage, sorting, and packing, as businesses seek to increase their productivity and reduce operating overheads.

Engineering Cobot Motor Drives for Reliability and Efficiency

<p id="isPasted">Robotic systems automate repetitive tasks, handling complex, powerful motions and working in environments that are dangerous or harmful to humans. More integrated, higher-performance microcontrollers (MCUs) enable higher power efficiency and smoother and safer motion with much higher accuracy, therefore increasing productivity and automation. For example, higher accuracy – sometimes within 0.1 mm – is important for applications that handle laser welding, precision coatings, or inkjet or 3D printing.</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1717222891211-GUID-20240130-SS0I-FNRF-GSFH-MVQTTTVX1WBR-low.jpg" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><p>The number of axes in a robot arm and the type of control architecture needed (either centralized or distributed, also known as decentralized) will ultimately determine the right MCU or motor-control integrated circuit (IC) for that system. Modern factories use a mix of robots with varying numbers of axes, defined as the degree of movement and rotation across x, y or z planes, in order to handle different phases of manufacturing; therefore, there are various control architectures throughout the factory floor.</p><p>It’s important to choose MCUs with additional performance headroom to provide future scalability, as well as the capacity to support add-on features. Planning for scalability and additional features can reduce cost, time and complexity during the design process.</p><p>In this article, I’ll explore centralized and distributed motor-control architectures and the design considerations for the integrated, real-time MCUs enabling them. To read about key motor drive design challenges for robotics, read our technical article, “<a href="https://e2e.ti.com/blogs_/b/industrial_strength/posts/how-motor-drive-innovations-are-helping-solve-robotic-movement-design-challenges" target="_blank">How motor drive innovations are helping solve robotic movement design challenges</a>.”</p><h2><strong>A centralized architecture</strong></h2><p>In a centralized system (<a href="https://www.ti.com/document-viewer/lit/html/SSZTD23#FIG_ZVY_HCV_G1C" target="_blank">Figure 1</a>), one MCU controls multiple axes. This approach is effective at handling heat dissipation in higher-power motor drivers (typically above 2-3 kW) that require large heat sinks and cooling fans. In this architecture, position data is usually acquired externally through a resolver board or aggregator connected to the encoders.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1717222997634-GUID-20240130-SS0I-NM5K-FRBN-8SQTBFPXBCCR-low.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">Figure 1 Block diagram of a centralized motor-control architecture for multiple-axis systems</span></span></span></p><p id="isPasted">Typically, in this architecture, multiple power stages are on the same printed circuit board or in close proximity; thus, one MCU can control multiple axes. This approach simplifies the real-time control and synchronization between multiple axes, as there is no need for longer communication lines between multiple motor-control MCUs.</p><p>The motor-control MCU/microprocessor in a centralized architecture mainly requires high-performing real-time processing cores such as Arm® Cortex®-R5F cores or digital signal processors, real time communication interfaces such as EtherCAT, and enough pulse-width modulation (PMW) channels and peripherals for voltage and current sensing. MCUs such as the AM2432 can enable scalable multiple-axis systems and offer real-time control peripherals for as many as six axes and real-time communications in a single chip.</p><p>In the past, field-programmable gate arrays or application-specific integrated circuits were primarily used for centralized motor control in automated systems. However, the high level of integration and cost-effectiveness of Arm Cortex MCUs can help you meet your system’s performance requirements while also enabling design scalability and flexibility.</p><p>While centralized control architectures can meet the performance and efficiency design requirements of high-powered automated systems such as heavy-payload industrial robots, they do require additional cables from the cabinet to the mechanical motor in the joint, as well as from the position sensors to the aggregators. Those wires do not only cost more, they also wear out and require maintenance.</p><h2><strong>A decentralized architecture</strong></h2><p>Decentralized architectures (<a href="https://www.ti.com/document-viewer/lit/html/SSZTD23#FIG_N21_HCV_G1C" target="_blank">Figure 2</a>) have recently grown in popularity for systems with lower power requirements, and have become the standard approach for collaborative robot (cobot) manipulators.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 790px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1717223024230-GUID-20240130-SS0I-W9T6-X4MK-G7DDQDDXB8LN-low.png" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">Figure 2 Block diagram of a decentralized motor control architecture for single-axis systems</span></span></span></p><p id="isPasted">Decentralized architectures integrate multiple single-axis motor drives into each joint within the robot, connected and synchronized through a real-time communication interface such as EtherCAT. Each drive usually controls one single axis and handles certain safety functions locally. Therefore, each MCU needs real-time control and communication capabilities, motor-control peripherals for a single axis, three to six PWM channels, on-chip successive approximation register analog-to-digital converters, or delta-sigma modulator inputs.</p><p>In these applications, the position sensor usually sits next to the MCU, so these MCUs need a digital or analog interface to read data from the position sensor. While this architecture requires more MCUs, cost reductions at the system level can be significant, since you’ll need less cabling between the power bus and communication interface. Modern real-time MCUs such as the TMS320F28P650DK integrate all necessary peripherals including safety peripherals, which can enable single- or two-chip solutions for an integrated axis in decentralized architectures with high performance at a small size.</p><h2><strong>Conclusion</strong></h2><p>While motors may not be the trendiest system in a robot – especially when compared to artificial intelligence-enabled systems – they are the “muscles” that keep factories moving. They might be the most crucial part of modern manufacturing, so selecting the right control device deserves a lot of consideration. As these devices become more integrated, additional capabilities such as edge computing and wireless connectivity may make their way into motor-control designs.</p>

More integrated, higher-performance microcontrollers (MCUs) enable higher power efficiency and smoother and safer motion with much higher accuracy, therefore increasing productivity and automation.

How MCUs increase system performance in robot motor control designs

In this episode, we talk about how a fashion company spun-off from MIT has developed the world’s first truly one-size-fits-all garment.

Podcast: Novel Fabrics + Robots -- Sustainable One-size-fits-all Fashion Revolution

A pick and place robot in an industrial setup

Understanding the inception, evolution, composition, and types of pick and place robots and their impact on various industrial sectors 

Pick and Place Robots: An In-Depth Guide to Their Functionality and Applications

<p id="isPasted">This article was discussed in our <a href="https://www.wevolver.com/profile/the.next.byte" rel="noopener noreferrer" target="_blank">Next Byte podcast</a>.&nbsp;</p><p><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe height="200px" width="100%" frameborder="no" scrolling="no" seamless="" src="https://player.simplecast.com/7a6ed573-f46a-40bb-b396-d38d1207aa2e?dark=false" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"></iframe></span><br></p><p>The full article will continue below.</p><hr><p id="isPasted">Until recently, bespoke tailoring — clothing made to a customer’s individual specifications — was the only way to have garments that provided the perfect fit for your physique. For most people, the cost of custom tailoring is prohibitive. But the invention of active fibers and innovative knitting processes is changing the textile industry.</p><p>“We all wear clothes and shoes,” says Sasha MicKinlay MArch ’23, a recent graduate of the MIT Department of Architecture. “It’s a human need. But there’s also the human need to express oneself. I like the idea of customizing clothes in a sustainable way. This dress promises to be more sustainable than traditional fashion to both the consumer and the producer.”</p><p>McKinlay is a textile designer and researcher at the Self-Assembly Lab who designed the <a href="https://selfassemblylab.mit.edu/4d-knit-dress" target="_blank">4D Knit Dress</a> with Ministry of Supply, a fashion company specializing in high-tech apparel. The dress combines several technologies to create personalized fit and style. Heat-activated yarns, computerized knitting, and robotic activation around each garment generates the sculpted fit. A team at Ministry of Supply led the decisions on the stable yarns, color, original size, and overall design.</p><p>“Everyone’s body is different,” says Skylar Tibbits, associate professor in the Department of Architecture and founder of the Self-Assembly Lab. “Even if you wear the same size as another person, you're not actually the same.”</p><p><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://player.vimeo.com/video/893959788" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true"><span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span><span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;">&nbsp;</span></iframe></span><em>4D Knit Dress: Transforming Style. Video: Self-Assembly Lab</em></p><h2 id="isPasted"><strong>Active textiles</strong></h2><p>Students in the Self-Assembly Lab have been working with dynamic textiles for several years. The yarns they create can change shape, change property, change insulation, or become breathable. Previous applications to tailor garments include <a href="https://selfassemblylab.mit.edu/active-textile-tailoring" target="_blank">making sweaters</a> and <a href="https://news.mit.edu/2022/form-fitting-face-mask-lavender-tessmer-0718" target="_blank">face masks</a>. Tibbits says the 4D Knit Dress is a culmination of everything the students have learned from working with active textiles.</p><p>McKinlay helped produce the active yarns, created the concept design, developed the knitting technique, and programmed the lab’s industrial knitting machine. Once the garment design is programmed into the machine, it can quickly produce multiple dresses. Where the active yarns are placed in the design allows for the dress to take on a variety of styles such as pintucks, pleats, an empire waist, or a cinched waist.</p><p>“The styling is important,” McKinlay says. “Most people focus on the size, but I think styling is what sets clothes apart. We’re all evolving as people, and I think our style evolves as well. After fit, people focus on personal expression.”</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 768px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzEwMTM1NjY2MDgwLU1pbmlzdHJ5X0ZJTkFMX2RyZXNzZXMuanBnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">Designers explored this series of possible styles for the robotic heat activation of the 4D Knit Dress. Image courtesy of the Self-Assembly Lab.</span></span></span></p><p>Danny Griffin MArch ’22, a current graduate student in architectural design, doesn’t have a background in garment making or the fashion industry. Tibbits asked Griffin to join the team due to his experience with robotics projects in construction. Griffin translated the heat activation process into a programmable robotic procedure that would precisely control its application.</p><p>“When we apply heat, the fibers shorten, causing the textile to bunch up in a specific zone, effectively tightening the shape as if we’re tailoring the garment,” says Griffin. “There was a lot of trial and error to figure out how to orient the robot and the heat gun. The heat needs to be applied in precise locations to activate the fibers on each garment. Another challenge was setting the temperature and the timing for the heat to be applied.”</p><p>It took a while to determine how the robot could<em>&nbsp;</em>reach all areas of the dress.</p><p>“We couldn’t use a commercial heat gun — which is like a handheld hair dryer — because they’re too large,” says Griffin. “We needed a more compact design. Once we figured it out, it was a lot of fun to write the script for the robot to follow.”</p><p>A dress can begin with one design — pintucks across the chest, for example — and be worn for months before having heat re-applied to alter its look. Subsequent applications of heat can tailor the dress further.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 768px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzEwMTM1NjgyOTQyLVJvYm90aWNfYXJtX2F0X3dvcmsuanBlZyIsImVkaXRzIjp7InJlc2l6ZSI6eyJ3aWR0aCI6OTUwLCJmaXQiOiJjb3ZlciJ9fX0=" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">Robotic heat activation can be seen during a demonstration at Ministry of Supply in Boston. Photo: Olivia Mintz</span></span></span></p><h2><strong>Beyond fit and fashion</strong></h2><p>Efficiently producing garments is a “big challenge” in the fashion industry, according to Gihan Amarasiriwardena ’11, the co-founder and president of Ministry of Supply.</p><p>“A lot of times you'll be guessing what a season's style is,” he says. “Sometimes the style doesn't do well, or some sizes don’t sell out. They may get discounted very heavily or eventually they end up going to a landfill.”</p><p>“Fast fashion” is a term that describes clothes that are inexpensive, trendy, and easily disposed of by the consumer. They are designed and produced quickly to keep pace with current trends. The 4D Knit Dress, says Tibbits, is the opposite of fast fashion. Unlike the traditional “cut-and-sew” process in the fashion industry, the 4D Knit Dress is made entirely in one piece, which virtually eliminates waste.</p><p>“From a global standpoint, you don’t have tons of excess inventory because the dress is customized to your size,” says Tibbits.</p><p>McKinlay says she hopes use of this new technology will reduce the amount of waste in inventory that retailers usually have at the end of each season.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 768px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzEwMTM1NzEwMDIxLU1pbmlzdHJ5X0ZJTkFMX0RyYWZ0MDUgY29weS5qcGVnIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">A complete 4D Knit Dress comes out of a Stoll industrial knitting machine after being produced in one piece, without any cutting or sewing. Photo courtesy of the Self-Assembly Lab.</span></span></span></p><p>“The dress could be tailored in order to adapt to these changes in styles and tastes,” she says. “It may also be able to absorb some of the size variations that retailers need to stock. Instead of extra-small, small, medium, large, and extra-large sizes, retailers may be able to have one dress for the smaller sizes and one for the larger sizes. Of course, these are the same sustainability points that would benefit the consumer.”</p><p>The Self-Assembly Lab has collaborated with Ministry of Supply on projects with active textiles for several years. Late last year, the team debuted the <a href="https://selfassemblylab.mit.edu/4d-knit-dress" target="_blank">4D Knit Dress</a> at the company’s flagship store in Boston, complete with a robotic arm working its way around a dress as customers watched. For Amarasiriwardena, it was an opportunity to gauge interest and receive feedback from customers interested in trying the dress on.</p><p>“If the demand is there, this is something we can create quickly” unlike the usual design and manufacturing process, which can take years, says Amarasiriwardena.</p><p>Griffin and McKinlay were on hand for the demonstration and pleased with the results. For Griffin, with the “technical barriers” overcome, he sees many different avenues for the project.</p><p>“This experience leaves me wanting to try more,” he says.</p><p>McKinlay too would love to work on more styles.</p><p>“I<em>&nbsp;</em>hope this research project helps people rethink or reevaluate their relationship with clothes,” says McKinlay. “Right now when people purchase a piece of clothing it has only one ‘look.’ But, how exciting would it be to purchase one garment and reinvent it to change and evolve as you change or as the seasons or styles change? I'm hoping that's the takeaway that people will have.”</p>

Caption:In late 2023 the MIT Self Assembly Lab and the high-tech fashion company Ministry of Supply debuted their 4D Knit Dress at the latter's store Boston, complete with a robotic arm working its way around a dress as customers watched. Credits:Image courtesy of MIT Self Assembly Lab

Developed by the Self-Assembly Lab, the 4D Knit Dress uses several technologies to create a custom design and a custom fit, while addressing sustainability concerns.

Is this the future of fashion?

<p id="isPasted">It’s been some time since we’ve had an update on&nbsp;<a href="https://www.realliferobotics.com/" target="_blank">Real Life Robotics</a>, an Ontario-based firm gaining traction with its BUBS last-mile delivery platform.</p><p>A lot has happened over the past year, with all of it appearing to point toward a solid trajectory.</p><p>“We started off 2024 with a bang – with a really exciting story that has to potential to significantly change the current trajectory of Canadian small and medium businesses from coast to coast,” says CEO and Founder Cameron Waite.</p><p>The story? Real Life Robotics (RLR) was one of eight Canadian startups selected by the&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cfin-rcia.ca/media/news-releases/foodtechnext-jan" target="_blank">Canadian Food Innovation Network</a> to receive funding through its&nbsp;<a href="https://www.cfin-rcia.ca/funding/foodtech-next" target="_blank">FoodTech Next</a> program. FoodTech Next offers funding for early-stage Canadian technology firms who seek to be part of – or sell to – the wider food industry. Through this program, RLR will receive nearly $250,000 to test its solution in real-world environments and validate the return on investment for the food sector.&nbsp;</p><p>In the current economic landscape, Canadian businesses grapple with increased customer demands for last-mile delivery and reduced profitability. Currently, most rely on third-party companies like Skip The Dishes, DoorDash and Uber Eats, which charge 20-35 per cent commissions on each order.</p><p>Automation is poised to play a critical role in helping businesses efficiently and sustainably move products from Point A to B (and even C, D, E…).</p><p>“The overarching goal of FoodTech Next is to accelerate the commercialization of Canadian innovation by generating first demonstration opportunities,” says its website.</p><p>The announcement made the news, including <a href="https://www.cbc.ca/listen/live-radio/1-92/clip/16042550" target="_blank">this CBC interview</a> with Waite.</p><p><em>Below: Founder/CEO Cameron Waite making a pitch for the FoodTech Next program…</em><em><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzA5OTIzNzIzMDY0LTIwMjQwMjE0LUNGSU4tRm9vZFRlY2gtMjAyNC0xNTAtc2NhbGVkLndlYnAiLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></em></p><h3 id="isPasted">THE PLATFORM</h3><p>When the RLR team carries out demonstrations across the country, it brings along BUBS – one of several solutions Real Life Robotics has available to customise and deploy. Out of the box, BUBS has a large cargo bay (50 kg) suitable for transporting everything from bottled water to medical supplies to prepared meals.</p><p>BUBS can be remotely tele-operated over 5G networks with near-zero latency, or carry out deliveries autonomously. It can work indoors or out and has an IP protection that makes it impervious to inclement weather (with the exception of, say, a hurricane or tornado). It has excellent obstacle avoidance and a number of other features intended for safe operation near people. It’s also perceived as “friendly” – which is important as these devices are introduced in public spaces.</p><p>BUBS can also be customised, pending client needs.</p><p>“We’re a cargo and last-mile delivery robotics platform,” says Waite. “But clients inevitably and always have some sort of unique requirement to their business in order to fully adopt and scale automation. There’s no reason BUBS can’t be bigger or smaller, or a different shape or colour – or have its cargo bay modified to carry something unique or unusual that requires modification.”</p><p>And the business model? Well, it’s not just about selling a single robot. It’s about that first robot proving its worth to the client in economic terms.</p><p>“It’s nice to say: ‘I have a robot,'” says Waite. “But our goal is really to have a robot or automation solution that has a positive business impact so that you want to scale and buy more of them. Otherwise, you buy just one.”</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>MORE OPTIONS EN ROUTE</h3><p>It’s not just BUBS. Real Life Robotics, says Waite, has another solution it’s about to unveil: A quadruped delivery robot. Having four legs instead of wheels means deliveries are not limited by stairs or rough terrain. And, in a world where businesses increasingly want their space or inventory scanned, this robot is capable of carrying out those tasks as it goes about its delivery work.</p><p>While food delivery in public spaces is clearly the focus of Real Life Robotics (and is tied to the federal grant), Waite emphasises that BUBS can be put to use in far wider use-cases.</p><p>“Right now our focus is the local delivery side of the food industry,” says Waite. “But beyond that, it could also be products – like hats at a hockey game or bottled water&nbsp;at a. convention centre. It all really comes down to increasing the margins for our clients while ensuring a high-quality memorable delivery experience for the customer.”</p><p><em>Below: BUBS, making things easier…</em><em><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzA5OTIzODc2NTk4LUN1c3RvbWVyLWxvYWRzLUJVQlMtanBnLndlYnAgY29weS5qcGciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></em><br></p><h3 id="isPasted">NEW TEAM AND FUNDING ROUND</h3><p>Though we’ve been focusing on the robots, you can’t build a business without a team. And there, Waite says Real Life Robotics has been fortunate in attracting some A-level talent who share his vision.</p><p>The company has acquired <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/scholar/bjdehart" target="_blank">Brandon J. DeHart</a> as Chief Technical Officer. DeHart is the head of the University of Waterloo’s <a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/robohub/" target="_blank">RoboHub</a>, the epicentre of all things robotic at the university. (Waterloo’s Engineering department, according to the RoboHub website, “has the largest and most active robotics and automation research group in Canada, supporting Canada’s largest robotics and automation cluster.”)</p><p>So DeHart comes with impeccable credentials, and has the expertise to both modify products and engineer completely new solutions for RLR. He has both a PhD and a Masters degree.</p><p>“In terms of a robotics pedigree, this guy is top of the tops,” says Waite. “So we’re really, really excited about having him on board as CTO and I’m really excited to see what we can build together.”</p><p>You can read more about DeHart in this <a href="https://www.realliferobotics.com/news/supercharging-the-real-life-robotics-team" target="_blank">RLR blog post</a>. And you can look at him, in the photo below…</p><p><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1709924018119-Brandon-J-DeHart-RLR-jpg.webp" style="width: 100%px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"></p><h3 id="isPasted">NEW CFO, HEAD OF GROWTH</h3><p>Real Life Robotics has also attracted a new Chief Financial Officer, as well as a Head of Growth.</p><p>The CFO is Ian Watson. Based in the UK, Watson spent 25 years with <a href="https://www.pwc.com/ca/en/" target="_blank">Price Waterhouse Cooper</a> before venturing into the startup space. He has owned and managed several startups, and is a Canadian Chartered Accountant. Watson holds a Master’s degree in Business (McMaster University) and a BA in Economics (Wilfrid Laurier University).</p><p>“He’s deeply experienced in the financial and accounting worlds, plus he knows startups and how to help businesses grow strategically,” says Waite.</p><p>Sharif Virani is the new Head of Growth – and appears to be a great fit. Before joining RLR, Virani held a similar position with&nbsp;<a href="https://tinymile.ai/" target="_blank">Tiny Mile</a>, which deploys small pink robots for food delivery. The company is currently operating in Miami – and had previously been running its operation in Toronto. If you ever saw one of those little robots on the news or social media, odds are Virani was behind that.</p><p>“He’s a serial entrepreneur in the restaurant industry space – so he understands that market really well,” says Waite.</p><p>And those are just three of the recent additions to the RLR team. A total of 10 people are now part of the company, with several on the sales and operations side. Together, they bring a total of 53 years of direct experience in the robotics industry.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>FUNDING ROUND</h3><p>As Real Life Robotics prepares for its next phase of growth, the company is currently in a Series A raise round.</p><p>“The traction we’ve received – from the partnerships we’ve been developing, the grants we’ve been winning, and the client revenue we’re now generating – tells a really strong story to the investment community,” says Waite.</p><p><em>Below: a 360° video tour of the University of Waterloo’s RoboHub. Be sure to scroll around to see the big picture…</em></p><p><em><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/O_7KSGdVLoc??si=GRuboC_a2bKF_SND&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&amp;lt;span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;</iframe></span></em></p><h3 id="isPasted">WAIT A MINUTE</h3><p>Cameron Waite talks a good game. But how do we safely introduce robots onto public roadways? Though Toronto now has a pilot project underway to evaluate such delivery robots, it’s not like they’re going to be embraced tomorrow.</p><p>So how can Waite be so optimistic, when public acceptance (and even permission from municipalities) is not guaranteed?</p><p>The answer, he says, has been in ground work and relationship building. RLR is also part of multiple stakeholder organisations that have been actively engaging on precisely this issue. The company is part of the following groups:</p><ul><li><a href="https://www.urbanroboticsfoundation.org/" target="_blank">Urban Robotics Foundation</a></li><li><a href="https://www.roboticscouncil.ca/" target="_blank">Canadian Robotics Council</a></li><li>Founding member of the&nbsp;<a href="https://uwaterloo.ca/robohub/professional-partnership-program" target="_blank">RoboHub Professional Partnership Program</a></li><li>Founding member the Toronto Autonomous Mobility Working Group</li></ul><p>That last one? Its members are <a href="https://gatik.ai/" target="_blank">Gatik</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.tesla.com/" target="_blank">Tesla</a>,&nbsp;<a href="https://www.uber.com/ca/en/" target="_blank">Uber</a> and&nbsp;<a href="https://www.realliferobotics.com/" target="_blank">Real Life Robotics</a>.</p><p>Lobbying groups are one thing. But getting the automated rubber to meet the road is another. Here, Waite reveals that RLR is ahead of the game: It has permission from five municipalities across the country to operate and test its vehicles in public spaces.</p><p>“That’s really what this government grant is targeted toward: Exploring the validity of robots in public environments,” says Waite.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><h3>MAJOR PARTNERSHIPS</h3><p>Waite also says RLR has some significant partners onboard, including “an incredibly large restaurant space company.”</p><p>“This partner not only gives us some amazing insight and data that we can utilise to ensure that this technology truly has ROI and business value to that industry. They also give us some scale and scope as we grow.”</p><p>But why not name names?</p><p>“The reason is simply that we’re moving a little bit faster than their marketing team can handle.”</p><p>Waite promises some significant announcements on this front soon, and deployment of RLR robots in the streets in the near future. Again, Waite won’t reveal details but pledges that the use-case is “really cool” and will grab headlines.</p><p>“By the summer, for sure, Real Life Robotics robots will be in the field – and there will be a huge story around it.”</p><p>He adds that RLR has Indro Robotics as an engineering partner, and access to&nbsp;<a href="https://indrorobotics.ca/indro-forge-prepped-for-next-phase-expansion/" target="_blank">InDro Forge</a>, a rapid fabrication and prototyping facility based in Ottawa. These two partnerships, he says, speed custom fabrication for clients, in addition to builds of entirely new robots.</p><p><em>Below: BUBS on the street…doing good work</em></p><p><em><span contenteditable="false" draggable="true" class="fr-video fr-deletable fr-fvc fr-dvb fr-draggable"><iframe width="640" height="360" src="https://www.youtube.com/embed/kCwf5IxBOQE??si=K4hr3BrPVpKTftsV&amp;wmode=opaque&amp;enablejsapi=1&amp;origin=https://www.wevolver.com" frameborder="0" allowfullscreen="" class="fr-draggable" data-lf-form-tracking-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-yt-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true" data-lf-vimeo-playback-inspected-kn9eq4roawkarlvp="true">&amp;lt;span class="fr-mk" style="display: none;"&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;</iframe></span></em></p><h3 id="isPasted">INDRO’S TAKE</h3><p>We’ve been watching Real Life Robotics with interest over the past year and we’re pleased to see the terrific progress that’s been made.</p><p>“Robotics and automation can make things much easier for many businesses, but municipal permissions for more than a one-off demo have traditionally been tricky in this space,” says InDro Robotics CEO Philip Reece.</p><p>“That’s starting to shift, but you can’t have public adoption and acceptance until these devices are actually in the field. And they can’t be put in the field without the vision and cooperation of municipalities. We’re pleased to see that Real Life Robotics has made gains in this area, and congratulate them on winning that important grant. We look forward to seeing RLR robots in the streets – somewhere – this summer.”</p><p>For more information on RLR, including an investor deck, contact Cameron Waite&nbsp;<a href="Mailto:cameron@realliferobotics.com">here</a>.</p>

New Team, Research Grant and Partners

Real Life Robotics Expands

<p id="isPasted">Industry 5.0 is a new phase of industrialization that builds upon the fourth industrial revolution (Industry 4.0) by adding a people-centric approach. It is characterized by the extensive use of automation, data exchange, and smart manufacturing technologies in a manner that fosters the well-being of the workers. It bridges the gap of the unfulfilled promise of full automation from Industry 4.0 in processes where a human in the loop is still needed, &nbsp;increasing the competitiveness of the industry and helping attract the best talents.</p><p>The ultimate goal is to create human-centric, efficient, flexible, and responsive production environments that can quickly adapt to changing market demands.</p><p>To achieve this goal, this next generation of manufacturing environments leverages the latest available technologies to the entire production process. One of the key operational aspects of manufacturing is intralogistics -understood as the management, control, and optimization of internal material and information flows.&nbsp;</p><p>Intralogistics 5.0 leverages automated material handling, Internet of Things (IoT), data analytics, and Artificial Intelligence (AI) to create smart, interconnected, data-driven production environments and empower human workers.&nbsp;</p><p>This intralogistics evolution is not only adding efficiency to industrial processes but is also driving a shift in manufacturing, from large, rigid systems into modular, flexible, and robot-supported self-optimizing ones.</p><h2>Optimizing Material Handling with Visual AI-Enabled Robotic Vehicles</h2><p id="isPasted">Autonomous Mobile Robots (AMRs), equipped with Visual AI and orchestrated through a Fleet Management System (FMS) are at the forefront of this transformation. The shape and function of these AMRs range from autonomous forklifts, shuttle systems, tugger trains, and stackers to platform or mouse robots, goods-to-person, and pick-assist robots. Their material transport activities are ideally tracked directly by the Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system of the factory.</p><p>AMRs are designed to navigate with agility and accuracy through complex factory environments using a combination of sensors, cameras, and real-time data processing. The integration of Visual AI enables them to perceive their surroundings, identify objects and obstacles, make informed decisions, and share information in real-time, adding a number of benefits at each step of the process:</p><ul><li id="isPasted"><strong>Enhanced Goods-In:</strong> Vehicles equipped with Visual AI contribute to this stage by autonomously transporting goods from receiving areas to designated storage locations reducing manual work and extending operation hours. Additionally, the visual input ensures accurate identification and categorization of incoming goods, feeding the ERP, and laying the foundation for precise inventory management.</li><li><strong>Optimized Storage and Retrieval:</strong> Visual AI allows robotic vehicles to analyze available storage space and stack goods efficiently, optimizing storage capacity, ensuring timely retrieval of items, and providing real-time inventory updates.</li><li><strong>Streamlined Production Supply:</strong> Visual AI makes autonomous intralogistics vehicles inherently flexible, thus they can optimize routes dynamically, ensuring a continuous and streamlined supply of materials to production lines.&nbsp;</li><li><strong>Accurate Order Picking:</strong> Visual AI technology supports workers in order picking, significantly reducing error rates and ensuring accurate order fulfillment.‍</li><li><strong>Efficient Dispatch and Goods-Out:</strong> Visual AI enables robotic logistics vehicles to perform order verification and optimize load onto transportation vehicles, adding efficiency to the preparation and organization of finished goods for delivery to customers or distribution centers.</li></ul><h2>Flexible Manufacturing</h2><p id="isPasted">Besides the optimization across the material handling process, and on account of their inherent reconfigurability, Visual AI AMRs can flexibly support diverse production scenarios, such as batch, mass, or customized production, and different manufacturing layouts, from linear or modular to cellular.&nbsp;</p><p>Serving as flexible links between individual production stages, these robots are also fundamental in the transition from traditional rigid conveyor-belt-based manufacturing to flexible-cell manufacturing, where production units can be reconfigured and rearranged without downtime.&nbsp;</p><p>This flexible movement and connection of production cells, create dynamic and modular production environments that can adapt to different product variants and volumes, to respond to changing customer demands and market conditions.</p><h2>Challenges on the Path Towards the Factories of the Future</h2><p>Visual AI allows operating this Factory of the Future today. While the technology is already here, its adaption and implementation are only starting to pick up speed. The transition to Intralogistics 5.0 and new levels of automation is mostly gradual and incremental as it requires interoperability, scalability, and human-robot collaboration.</p><h3>Interoperability</h3><p id="isPasted">Many manufacturing facilities and warehouses are currently operating with mixed fleets that consist of both manned and unmanned material-handling vehicles, and an initial and crucial challenge in the path toward Intralogistics 5.0 is to integrate both types of shop floor traffic into an all-encompassing FMS and ERP.</p><p>At this stage, equipping manned vehicles -like forklifts, tuggers, or stackers- with Visual AI-enabled Real Time Location System (RTLS) to track their location and feed the system with the visual data they capture would enable an FMS to orchestrate floor traffic holistically.</p><p>Adding observability to manned traffic and integrating it into an FMS cancels out typical shortcomings of mixed fleets such as human drivers colliding with AMRs, inefficient manned routing unobservable by the FMS, or inventory compromised by human errors.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 302px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAyOTAzNTU1NTQzLU1hbm5lZF9Vbm1hbm5lZF9UcmFmZmljX0ludGVncmF0aW9uX1NldmVuc2Vuc2VfUm9ib3RpY3MucG5nIiwiZWRpdHMiOnsicmVzaXplIjp7IndpZHRoIjo5NTAsImZpdCI6ImNvdmVyIn19fQ==" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner" spellcheck="false">Visual AI-enabled RTLS feeding manned traffic data into an FMS</span></span></span></p><p id="isPasted">The Visual AI-enabled RTLS adds value in manufacturing and warehousing unlocking completely new opportunities in material handling applications, where some operations will continue to be performed using manned vehicles for the next 20+ years.</p><p>To make the benefits of holistically managed mixed fleets broadly accessible to the market, Sevensense Robotics is developing a Visual AI-enabled RTLS, which is already available to early adopters.</p><h3>Scalability</h3><p id="isPasted">In many cases, as part of their automation journey, manufacturers opt for initially commissioning AMRs at a small scale in a dedicated sector of their facilities. However, expanding the AMRs’ operating space from a wing of a plant or to the entire factory has traditionally been time-consuming.</p><p>Until now, it implied a complex and disruptive endeavor of stopping operations and dedicating specialized professionals to the map expansion. including running a vehicle in manual mode to scan the new areas of the facility where robots will operate, and then manually editing and merging the new maps.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 304px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1702909540635-Continous+map+updates+V2.gif" style="width: 302px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner" spellcheck="false">Lifelong Visual SLAM enables seamless map updates</span></span></span></p><p id="isPasted">To solve this scalability blocker, Sevensense has developed a solution that makes the map expansion seamless. Combining continuous map updates -also known as Lifelong Visual SLAM- with swarm intelligence, robots equipped with this technology can automatically map the new sections of the environment and share the extended map with the rest of the fleet. All they need to start their exploration is an anchor point in the existing map and the expansion is computed on-the-fly.</p><p>By automatically incorporating relevant changes in the environment, Sevensense’s Lifelong Visual SLAM also offers the key benefit of lifelong robust, high precision localization &lt;5mm (&lt;0.2in) without markers, reflectors, or beacons, allowing the robots to operate in dynamic, ever-changing environments.</p><h3>Human-Robot Collaboration</h3><p id="isPasted">An increasing number of companies are incorporating AMRs into their operations. However, the lack of seamless human-machine collaboration solutions poses the need for dedicated robotic operations zones or the introduction of robotic shifts, restricting their flexibility and efficiency while also limiting the ROI.</p><p>Visual AI AMRs have the built-in capability of understanding the context of the environment, distinguishing between unobstructed paths, obstacles -and types of obstacles-, and adapting their behavior accordingly in real-time.</p><p>When the robot encounters an obstacle, the system identifies the type of object, then estimates its velocity and predicts its trajectory, calculates the most efficient path, and automatically performs an obstacle avoidance maneuver, rerouting the robot.</p><p>This navigation mode can boost efficiency, in particular in scenarios when robots share the shop floor with other robots, but it may not be the optimal solution when robots share the shop floor with people.&nbsp;</p><p>On the one hand, as human behavior is less predictable, robots have less visibility of a person’s movement intent than they have on other mobile robots or RTLS-tracked manned vehicles. On the other hand, having a robot overtake people while walking across a facility may be perceived as unpredictable and unsafe, making human workers feel anxious.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 302px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://images.wevolver.com/eyJidWNrZXQiOiJ3ZXZvbHZlci1wcm9qZWN0LWltYWdlcyIsImtleSI6ImZyb2FsYS8xNzAyOTAzNzkyNTUyLUh1bWFuX01hY2hpbmVfQ29sbGFib3JhdGlvbl9Sb2JvdF9OYXZpZ3Rpb25fU2V2ZW5zZW5zZV9Sb2JvdGljcy5wbmciLCJlZGl0cyI6eyJyZXNpemUiOnsid2lkdGgiOjk1MCwiZml0IjoiY292ZXIifX19" style="width: 300px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner" spellcheck="false"><em id="isPasted">Visual AI is key to developing collaborative AMRs</em></span></span></span></p><p>Solving the human-robot collaboration challenge is key to enabling Industry 5.0 and is motivating Sevensense’s work to solve this issue by combining scene understanding and a people-centric approach, to turn AMRs into Co-AMRs. The solution involves Visual AI perceiving the obstacle as a person and then commanding the robot to perform a people-friendly behavior such as stopping and waiting for the person to continue their movement or complete their task.</p><p>To learn more about Sevensense Robotics and its Visual AI technology, visit <a href="https://www.sevensense.ai/" target="_blank" rel="noopener noreferrer"><strong>sevensense.ai</strong></a></p>

Visual AI enables Autonomous Mobile Robots to fulfil Industry 5.0 requirements

Visual AI is applied to overcome the obstacles in the path of the Factories of the Future

Autonomous Mobile Robots Powering Industry 5.0

<p id="isPasted">Engineers at Princeton University and Google have come up with a new way to teach robots to know when they don’t know. The technique involves quantifying the fuzziness of human language and using that measurement to tell robots when to ask for further directions. Telling a robot to pick up a bowl from a table with only one bowl is fairly clear. But telling a robot to pick up a bowl when there are five bowls on the table generates a much higher degree of uncertainty — and triggers the robot to ask for clarification.</p><p>Because tasks are typically more complex than a simple “pick up a bowl” command, the engineers use large language models (LLMs) — the technology behind tools such as ChatGPT — to gauge uncertainty in complex environments. LLMs are bringing robots powerful capabilities to follow human language, but LLM outputs are still frequently unreliable, said <a href="https://engineering.princeton.edu/faculty/anirudha-majumdar" target="_blank">Anirudha Majumdar</a>, an assistant professor of <a href="https://mae.princeton.edu/" target="_blank">mechanical and aerospace engineering</a> at Princeton and the senior author of a <a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=4ZK8ODNyFXx" target="_blank">study</a> outlining the new method.</p><p>“Blindly following plans generated by an LLM could cause robots to act in an unsafe or untrustworthy manner, and so we need our LLM-based robots to know when they don’t know,” said Majumdar.</p><p><span class="fr-img-caption fr-fic fr-dib" style="width: 768px;"><span class="fr-img-wrap"><img src="https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/wevolver-project-images/froala%2F1701898003603-knowno-ambiguities_WEB-2048x871.jpg" style="width: 766px;" class="fr-fic fr-dib"><span class="fr-inner">The researchers tested their method on a simulated robotic arm and on two types of robot hardware. The most complex experiments (left) involved a robotic arm mounted on a wheeled platform and placed in an office kitchen with a microwave and a set of recycling, compost and trash bins. Another set of experiments used a tabletop robotic arm (right) tasked with sorting a set of toy food items into two different categories; a setup with a left and right arm (center) added an additional layer of ambiguity. Images by the researchers</span></span></span></p><p id="isPasted">The system also allows a robot’s user to set a target degree of success, which is tied to a particular uncertainty threshold that will lead a robot to ask for help. For example, a user would set a surgical robot to have a much lower error tolerance than a robot that’s cleaning up a living room.</p><p>“We want the robot to ask for enough help such that we reach the level of success that the user wants. But meanwhile, we want to minimize the overall amount of help that the robot needs,” said&nbsp;<a href="https://allenzren.github.io/" target="_blank">Allen Ren</a>, a graduate student in mechanical and aerospace engineering at Princeton and the study’s lead author. Ren received a&nbsp;<a href="https://www.corl2023.org/awards" target="_blank">best student paper award</a> for his Nov. 8 presentation at the Conference on Robot Learning in Atlanta. The new method produces high accuracy while reducing the amount of help required by a robot compared to other methods of tackling this issue.</p><p>The researchers tested their method on a simulated robotic arm and on two types of robots at Google facilities in New York City and Mountain View, California, where Ren was working as a student research intern. One set of hardware experiments used a tabletop robotic arm tasked with sorting a set of toy food items into two different categories; a setup with a left and right arm added an additional layer of ambiguity.</p><p>The most complex experiments involved a robotic arm mounted on a wheeled platform and placed in an office kitchen with a microwave and a set of recycling, compost and trash bins. In one example, a human asks the robot to “place the bowl in the microwave,” but there are two bowls on the counter — a metal one and a plastic one.</p><p>The robot’s LLM-based planner generates four possible actions to carry out based on this instruction, like multiple-choice answers, and each option is assigned a probability. Using a statistical approach called conformal prediction and a user-specified guaranteed success rate, the researchers designed their algorithm to trigger a request for human help when the options meet a certain probability threshold. In this case, the top two options — place the plastic bowl in the microwave or place the metal bowl in the microwave — meet this threshold, and the robot asks the human which bowl to place in the microwave.</p><p id="isPasted">In another example, a person tells the robot, “There is an apple and a dirty sponge … It is rotten. Can you dispose of it?” This does not trigger a question from the robot, since the action “put the apple in the compost” has a sufficiently higher probability of being correct than any other option.</p><p>“Using the technique of conformal prediction, which quantifies the language model’s uncertainty in a more rigorous way than prior methods, allows us to get to a higher level of success” while minimizing the frequency of triggering help, said the study’s senior author&nbsp;<a href="https://engineering.princeton.edu/faculty/anirudha-majumdar" target="_blank">Anirudha Majumdar</a>, an assistant professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering at Princeton.</p><p>Robots’ physical limitations often give designers insights not readily available from abstract systems. Large language models “might talk their way out of a conversation, but they can’t skip gravity,” said coauthor&nbsp;<a href="https://andyzeng.github.io/" target="_blank">Andy Zeng</a>, a research scientist at Google DeepMind. “I’m always keen on seeing what we can do on robots first, because it often sheds light on the core challenges behind building generally intelligent machines.”</p><p>Ren and Majumdar began collaborating with Zeng after he gave a talk as part of the&nbsp;<a href="https://robo.princeton.edu/seminar" target="_blank">Princeton Robotics Seminar</a> series, said Majumdar. Zeng, who earned a computer science Ph.D. from Princeton in 2019, outlined Google’s efforts in using LLMs for robotics, and brought up some open challenges. Ren’s enthusiasm for the problem of calibrating the level of help a robot should ask for led to his internship and the creation of the new method.</p><p>“We enjoyed being able to leverage the scale that Google has” in terms of access to large language models and different hardware platforms, said Majumdar.</p><p>Ren is now extending this work to problems of active perception for robots: For instance, a robot may need to use predictions to determine the location of a television, table or chair within a house, when the robot itself is in a different part of the house. This requires a planner based on a model that combines vision and language information, bringing up a new set of challenges in estimating uncertainty and determining when to trigger help, said Ren.</p><p><em>The paper, “</em><a href="https://openreview.net/forum?id=4ZK8ODNyFXx" target="_blank"><em>Robots That Ask for Help: Uncertainty Alignment for Large Language Model Planners</em></a><em>,” was presented Nov. 8 at the Conference on Robot Learning. In addition to Ren, Zeng and Majumdar, coauthors include Anushri Dixit and Alexandra Bodrova of Princeton; and Sumeet Singh, Stephen Tu, Noah Brown, Peng Xu, Leila Takayama, Fei Xia, Jake Varley, Zhenjia Xu and Dorsa Sadigh of Google DeepMind. The research was supported in part by the U.S. National Science Foundation and the Office of Naval Research.</em></p>

Engineers at Princeton University and Google have come up with a new way to teach robots to know when they don’t know and ask for clarification from a human. Photo by the researchers

Modern robots know how to sense their environment and respond to language, but what they don’t know is often more important than what they do know. Teaching robots to ask for help is key to making them safer and more efficient.

collaborative robots

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